1. What are gems and jade?
Broadly speaking, gems are the most beautiful, precious and rare stones. It includes precious stones and jade in a narrow sense. In a narrow sense, gemstones refer to single crystal minerals of natural elements (such as natural gold and diamonds) or compounds (such as crystals and rubies). Jadeite refers to polycrystalline rock composed of a single mineral or multiple minerals.
Second, what are the requirements for gems?
As a qualified gem, at least the following three conditions must be met.
1, beautiful: this is the first condition, which requires bright and pure colors, transparency and luster, or special optical effects such as color change, color change, light display or cat's eye.
2. Durability: it is required to have the durability of maintaining splendor and luster, that is, it must be hard, wear-resistant and chemically stable.
3. Rare: it means that the output is scarce.
Third, how are the types of gems divided?
Gem (generalized)
imitation jewellery
Natural gemstone
synthetic gem
Imitation gem
Inorganic gem
organic gems
A carved gem
jade
Single mineral crystals that meet the technological requirements, such as diamonds and rubies.
It is composed of single mineral or multi-mineral aggregates that meet the technological requirements, such as jadeite and nephrite.
Its causes are closely related to animals and plants, such as coral and amber.
4. What is jade?
Jade is known as the king of jade, and it is the jade in jade. Its chemical composition is sodium aluminosilicate, and its mineral composition is pyroxene, mainly jadeite. Its structure is a dense and massive aggregate composed of countless fine fibrous microcrystals, which has a blanket structure. Very tough, able to withstand high impact and pressure, and its products are durable. The hardness of jadeite is Mohs 6.5-7, and the specific gravity is 3.3. It is glassy or pearl-shaped, often translucent, and a few are transparent (completely transparent, called "glass part"), and the fracture is serrated. In the gemstone industry in China, there is a saying that yellow is Fei and green is Cui. The origin of jadeite jade is mainly concentrated in the Meng Gong area of Myitkyina in northern Myanmar.
5. How to choose jadeite products?
Should look at its "species", "color" and "work".
Type: refers to texture, structure, transparency and water head. The texture should be solid, delicate and clean, and the background color should be coordinated, uniform, tough and not brittle, with strong luster and heavy treasure. Structure refers to the size, shape and arrangement of mineral grains of jade. The finer and more uniform the particles, the better, and the denser the structure. Transparency and water head, water head is jargon, refers to the transparency of jade. The higher the transparency, the more water heads the better.
Color: refers to the color of jade, which is multicolored, and color is one of the most important factors to determine its value. Generally speaking, emerald green is the most expensive, followed by violet, Hong Fei, emerald green, bean green, oil green, claw green, and gray white is the cheapest. Requirements for color: thick, deep and powerful; Yang: bright colors, pretty: beautiful and crystal clear, positive: bright and pure colors, no evil spirits, even no flower color.
Worker: It refers to the carving level of jade, including material selection, modeling and carving skills. It requires exquisite conception and fine workmanship. Good carving can make jade articles reach the realm of exquisite workmanship and sighing.
6. What are "old pit jade" and "new pit jade"?
Generally, jadeite gravel produced in Myanmar is mechanically weathered and transported to river valleys and river beds, which is called "old pit jade" or "raw material". This kind of jade is characterized by "good head", hard texture and high transparency. Its top grade is as transparent as glass, so it is called "glass flake" or "ice seed". It is green and lovely, so it is called "high green" or "brilliant green". However, the newly mined jadeite jade in the origin has no weathered skin, and its size and luster are worse than those of the old pit jade, which is called "new pit jade" or "mountain material".
7. What is "land"?
"Ground" is the background color of jade, or "bottom". Generally speaking, all parts of jadeite jade except emerald green are called land, and the quality of land has a very important relationship with the value of the whole jade. The better fields are: glass fields, lotus root starch fields, mid-range fields are bean fields, blue-and-white fields and purple flowers, while the worse fields are porcelain fields, dry white fields, rough bean fields and excrement fields.
Eight, what is the head?
In the jade industry, transparency is called "water head", good transparency is called "water head foot", and poor transparency is called "waterless head" (or "dry bar"). For a piece of jade, when its color is good (green) and the water head is enough, it is called "color seed", which has high value. On the contrary, those with good color and poor water head are called "colored seeds".
9. What is "stone flower"?
In jadeite, there is often a phenomenon that small lumps with poor transparency are intertwined with fibrous crystals, which is called "stone flower". Because of its different shapes and characteristics, it can be divided into the following categories: the more rigid one is called "stone brain"; Relatively scattered is called "Lu Hua"; What looks like cotton wool is called "cotton"; White or green mixed together is called "leek mixed with tofu". Generally speaking, the existence of stone flowers is not good for the transparency and perfection of jadeite, and it is easy to have a bad influence on green, which obviously reduces the value of jadeite.
X. What are commodities A, B and C? How to identify?
Goods A: refers to authentic natural jadeite in its original color without any false treatment. Among them, the high-grade products are green, the color is positive but not evil, the water head is good, there are no impurities and cracks, and they do not change color for a long time, which has good preservation and collection value.
B goods: It means that the poor quality natural jadeite is soaked in concentrated acid and bleaching solution to remove the black and yellow, and then filled with epoxy resin (also known as "glue injection", there are also glue-free "B goods" without glue injection), after which the water head becomes better, the color becomes beautiful, and the real jadeite changes color. It is also made by adding chrome-free green when the original jade is light green. The latter is called "B+C goods". Glued commodity B has a flaky or linear distribution of fillers on its surface, while glue-free commodity B can see micro-cracks under the microscope, which are particularly developed and have the characteristics of "channel network" structure and "crack" structure. With the naked eye, the green color of B goods is abnormal, and the green color is often distributed in a fine mist, even without shading. Although green is bright, its green is flashy and slightly blue. The green color of "B goods" is not in harmony with the land. After turning black to yellow, the land of "B goods" has been improved, which is characterized by strong water head and high transparency, but its original green color has been weakened in the process of turning black to yellow, so it appears weak. Because after special treatment, the sound of "B goods" after collision is not similar to the sonorous and crisp sound of metal, but rather dull.
C: refers to colorless jadeite which has been dyed by artificial heating. Also known as "colorful jade", it belongs to the category of "genuine jade and fake color". Its color is unnatural, often with blue or yellow components; Glossy, uneven color; Using a magnifying glass (5- 10 times), the color band deposited by chromium salt can be seen at the crack, that is, the green color in the crack is relatively strong and gradually fades to both sides of the crack.
XI。 What is hetian jade?
Hotan jade refers to the oldest nephrite produced in Hotan, Xinjiang. Its chemical composition is calcium magnesium silicate, and its mineral composition is a special aggregate composed of amphibole. The Mohs hardness is 6-6.5, the specific gravity is 2.9-3. 1, the fracture is uneven, the oil is shiny, translucent to opaque, and the colors are white, blue, yellow, black and red. A piece of material is generally uniform in color, stable in chemical composition and resistant to strong acid and alkali. It is generally used to make jade carvings and various small pendants and bracelets. It is also our country.
Twelve. What is Xiuyu?
Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province is the main producing area of xiuyan jade, and it is also produced in Xinyi, Guangdong and Huili, Sichuan. The chemical composition of xiuyan jade is hydrated magnesium silicate, and the mineral composition is a collection of serpentine minerals. It is composed of fine fibrous and foliated serpentine crystals, which is a very fine and dense block. Its colors are varied, and light green and yellow-green are not common. Its hardness is 2.5-4.5, its specific gravity is about 2.5, and it is oily or waxy. Translucent to opaque, a few are transparent, similar to plexiglass. Jade is a low-grade jade material because of its low hardness and output. Commonly used as ornaments, jade carvings and various small pendants, as well as tea sets, wine sets, fitness balls, jade pillows and other daily necessities.
Thirteen. What is dushan jade?
Dushan jade is named after Dushan, 8 kilometers northeast of Nanyang. Its mineral composition is plagioclase from zoisite, which belongs to polychromatic jade. Bright color, complete patterns, both depth and depth, delicate texture, dense and hard. Mohs hardness 6-6.5, specific gravity 2.9; Glass luster or grease luster, opaque or slightly transparent. Dushan jade is often used as jade carving for various ornaments in the market.
14. What is agate?
Agate refers to chalcedony with banded structure, which is a colloidal mineral, and its main component is silica. The hardness is 6.5-7, the specific gravity is 2.65, and the fracture surface is shell-shaped, transparent to translucent and glassy. Pure agate should be white, because it contains colored ions or other impurities, so it will appear gray, red and blue. Natural red agate can turn light red agate into bright red after "burning red" and heat treatment. High quality white agate can also be dyed in various colors. Agate is often made into bracelets in the market, and some small pendants and ornaments are also made. Agate is mainly produced in Brazil, and agate in China is mainly produced in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province.
15. What is "hibiscus stone"?
Hibiscus stone is a pink translucent to transparent seasonal block, also known as "rose seasonal". Its chemical composition is mainly silicon dioxide, besides pink, there are dark pink ones. The hardness is 7, the specific gravity is about 2.65, and the fracture is shell-shaped and oily. Mainly used as necklaces and bracelets, and sometimes used as small pendants or ornaments such as hearts and earrings. Hibiscus stone is mainly produced in Brazil, and China is mainly produced in Xinjiang and Yunnan.
Sixteen, what is a "tiger eye stone"?
Tiger eye stone is called "wood-turned stone" because of its similar appearance to wood. It is crocidolite and its mineral composition is sodium amphibole. After the change of geological hydrothermal solution, silica in the hydrothermal solution gradually replaced sodium amphibole to become silicified crocidolite, and its composition became timely, with hardness of 7 and specific gravity of 3. 1. Tiger eye stones can be divided into three categories according to their colors. Yellow and tan with cat's eye effect are called tiger's eye stone, blue with cat's eye effect, and spotted tiger's eye stone with brown and blue spots. Tiger eye stone is mainly used as necklace beads and bracelet beads in the market, mainly produced in Brazil and Australia.
17. What is Dongling Stone?
Dongling stone is called chromite quartzite in geology. Its hardness is 7 and its specific gravity is 2.65. It is fragile, translucent and has staggered fractures. According to its color, it can be divided into green Dongling stone, blue Dongling stone and red Dongling stone. Dongling stone is mainly produced in India, also known as Indian jade. Commonly used as necklace beads and bracelet beads, small pendant ornaments, but also as ornaments.
Eighteen, what is a gold star stone?
Jinxingshi, also known as placer gold or placer amphibole, is a kind of quartzite containing mica flakes or fine iron oxide minerals, which is named after shining like Venus. It is often used as bracelet beads, necklace beads, chicken hearts or stamp materials in the market.
Nineteen, what is a crystal?
Crystal is a kind of precious stone in a narrow sense, and it is a very old gem. Its chemical composition is silicon dioxide. This is a crystal as transparent as water in seasonal minerals (although it is crystalline and opaque, it can only be called seasonal crystal). If the impurities are purple, brown or black, they are called amethyst, tea crystal and ink crystal respectively; A special variety with needle-like or fibrous mineral inclusions inside is called "hair crystal". The crystal plane of water crystallization is glass luster, while its conchoidal fracture is oily luster; The hardness is 7, the specific gravity is 2.66, and it has compressive and optical properties. Crystal has a wide range of uses, mainly used as bracelets and necklace beads in jewelry, as well as some small pendants and ornaments. Crystal is mainly produced in Brazil and Uruguay, and China is mainly produced in Yangjiaoling in Hainan and Donghai in Jiangsu.
Rock crystals are clear and transparent, often containing gas-liquid inclusions, which are star-shaped, cloud-like or flocculent, and microcracks are often seen. The synthetic crystal has no cracks, but there are often small bubbles. In addition, you can feel that the proportion of synthetic crystal is greater than that of rock crystal. Compared with glass, crystal is white and bright, while glass white is slightly cyan and yellow, lacking brightness. The hardness of crystal is 7, and that of glass is 5.5. You can scrape the glass with a crystal. Rock crystals often contain uneven and imperfect phenomena such as cotton veins, while glass is often uniform without cotton veins and has tiny bubbles because of artificial baking. If you lick the crystal with your tongue, it will feel cool and the glass will feel warm.
Twenty, what is a pearl?
Pearl is the pearl liquid secreted by some shellfish in the ocean or fresh water due to the entry (or artificial release) of foreign objects into the body, which is wrapped layer by layer by friction stimulation to form a round pearl body. Its chemical composition is mainly calcium carbonate. Pearls can be divided into seawater pearls, freshwater pearls and cultured pearls according to different yields, and white pearls with white texture and black pearls with variegated colors according to colors.
2 1. What is a diamond?
Traditionally, people usually refer to diamonds that reach the gem level as diamonds. It is a crystal mineral crystallized from a single carbon element in a special environment, and it is also the only gem mineral composed of a single element. Gemstones and diamonds (namely diamonds) not only have high hardness (Mohs hardness is 10, which is100 times higher than the corresponding time), but also have extremely high wear resistance and chemical stability. Strong luster, not easy to wear after processing, can shine diamond luster for a long time; Moreover, it has a large refractive index (2.42) and strong dispersion (0.044, which is the strongest among natural colorless gems). When the diamond is polished into dozens of facets, the white light injected into the diamond is dispersed into monochromatic light in the process of refraction, showing a seven-color neon-like luster and a bright and crystal-clear optical effect. This strong dispersion phenomenon is the most precious feature of diamond, which is beyond the reach of any other gem. Therefore, it is known as the "King of Gems". Diamonds are mainly produced in South Africa, Australia, Zaire and Botswana, and are mainly used to make diamond rings, necklaces, earrings, corsage and other ornaments.
22. What are the four "C's" for evaluating diamonds?
Evaluating the value of a diamond often depends on four factors, namely, carat, cleanliness, color and polishing. The English words representing these four words are carat, clarity, color and cut. Because the first letter of four English words is "C", it is generally called "four C" in the international jewelry industry. These four "C's" are all important and indispensable in evaluating diamond ornaments.
1, carat: the weight of a diamond, 1 carat = 0.2g, 1 carat = 100 minute. One of the reasons why diamonds are precious is that they are rare, especially those with heavy weights. Generally, diamonds above 1 carat are big diamonds. The relationship between diamond character and size grows according to the square relationship.
2. Cleanliness: purity or transparency. Diamonds with high purity should be completely colorless and transparent because they have no impurities and defects, and their value is very high.
3. Color: It has always been the basic and primary factor to determine whether a diamond has value. As a gem-grade diamond, it is limited to five kinds: colorless, nearly colorless, yellowish, yellowish and yellowish.
4. Cutting: The cutting and polishing level of a diamond mainly depends on factors such as whether the angle and proportion are correct, whether the style is fashionable, and whether the polishing is exquisite.
23. What is the simplest and most reliable way to identify a diamond?
There are many ways to identify genuine and fake diamonds. Among them, the most accurate and reliable method is to measure the thermal conductivity of various diamond substitutes or counterfeit products with a diamond tester (that is, a thermal conductivity meter), which solves the problem of distinguishing between true and false diamonds. The diamond tester is expensive, so it is the simplest and most reliable method to measure the hardness of all kinds of fake diamonds with "standard hardness tester".
24. What are sister gems-ruby and sapphire?
Ruby and sapphire are beautiful and transparent corundum, and the chemical composition is alumina. When pure, it should be colorless, containing a small amount of pigment ions, showing different colors. For example, chromium is ruby, while titanium and iron are sapphires. Red sapphire is transparent to translucent, glassy, and has obvious polychromatic color under dichroic mirror, with hardness of 9 and specific gravity of 4; Shell fracture, no cleavage; Under ultraviolet light, ruby has obvious red fluorescence; Sapphire does not fluoresce except for a few varieties produced in Sri Lanka and Kashmir. The main countries producing rubies in the world are Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand, and the main countries producing sapphires are Australia, Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and China. Ruby and sapphire are often used as high-grade ornaments such as ring face, corsage, earrings and tie clips.
25. What is "Emerald"?
Emerald refers to emerald beryl containing chromium, and its chemical composition is beryllium aluminum silicate. Its crystal is hexagonal columnar and belongs to hexagonal crystal system. It is green or dark green, with specific gravity of 2.6-2.8 and hardness of 7.5-8. It is brittle and easily broken. Transparent, glass luster. Beautiful color, transparency and high hardness are the most valuable characteristics of emeralds. Its main producing areas are Colombia and the former Soviet Union. Emeralds are often used as ornaments such as ring faces, earrings and corsage.
Twenty-six, what is "opal"?
The so-called "opal" in gemmology refers to emerald with cat's eye effect, while any other gem mineral with cat's eye effect can't be called "opal" directly, but must be given a mineral name, such as "emerald cat's eye" or "quartz cat's eye".
The chemical composition of gold emeralds is beryllium aluminate, and the crystals are columnar or tabular, and there may be several varieties such as brown, green and yellow. Glass luster, hardness 8.5, specific gravity 4.73; Shell fracture, white stripes. When there are dense directional fibrous, needle-like mineral inclusions or tubular holes, bright bands similar to cat's eye pupils will be produced due to the reflection of light, which is the cat's eye effect. When the gem rotates, this bright band will move on the surface of the gem, so it is also called "swimming color", which is the most important characteristic of opal. Opals are often used as warning surfaces, and the best opals are produced in Sri Lanka in the east.
Twenty-seven, what is jewelry?
Jewelry is an ancient wrapping handicraft. The word "jewelry" in a narrow sense was originally an ornament on the finger and a manifestation of a person's status. But with the development of history, the meaning of jewelry has changed a lot. Today, we refer to "jewelry" in a broad sense, which can not only refer to jewelry worn in many parts of the human body, but also include handicrafts for display and viewing purposes-called "jewelry jewelry".
Jewelry is divided into precious metal jewelry, imitation gold jewelry and jewelry according to materials; According to the use, it is divided into: jewelry, pendant jewelry, fashion jewelry and wedding jewelry; According to users, there are: men's (men's) jewelry and women's (women's) jewelry.
Wearing jewelry can play the following roles: 1, which has beautification and decoration functions; 2, symbolic, such as diamond jewelry symbolizes firmness and purity; 3. Commemorative, such as various birthstone jewelry, engagement wedding rings; 4. It has the function of expressing individuality; 5, with practical value: such as tie clips, cufflinks, etc. ; 6, with special functions: such as health care rings, magnetic therapy necklaces, bracelets, sealing rings, etc.
There are three factors to consider in evaluating whether jewelry is valuable: the first factor is the quality of the material. Jewelry materials are mainly considered from two aspects: color and transparency; The second factor is the accuracy of machining; The third factor is market demand. If demand is greater than output, prices will rise, and vice versa.
28. What are the main ornaments and ornaments of gem products in China?
Gemstone products produced in China can generally be divided into two categories: ornaments and ornaments. The main function of ornaments is for people to watch: including traditional flowers, birds, insects, fish, animals, ladies, fuming stoves, vases, modern geometric shapes and other non-practical gem crafts, which are characterized by fine carving. Decorations mainly refer to bracelets, zodiac signs, Guanyin bodhisattva and other small pendants; Small pendants such as Fulu Xi Shou; Rings, earrings, necklaces, bracelets and so on. There are many raw materials for ornaments.
29. What do the different colors of jewelry mean?
People often choose the color of jewelry according to their personal hobbies. Therefore, experts believe that color has its own personality, and each color has a certain meaning: 1, red: indicating vitality, health, enthusiasm and hope; 2, orange: it means excitement, joy, liveliness and beauty; 3. Yellow: indicates tenderness, brightness and happiness; 4. Green means youth, peace and vitality; 5. Youth spirit: expressing hope, strength and solemnity; 6. Blue: it represents beauty, freshness and tranquility; 7, purple: it means noble, elegant and gorgeous; 8. Gold: representing glory, luxury and brilliance; 9. White: pure, sacred and refreshing; 10, black: mysterious, silent and sad.
30. What is "K Gold"?
Because the jewelry made of pure gold is too soft to be inlaid with various exquisite styles, especially when pearls, gems and jadeites are inlaid, it is easy to lose. Therefore, since ancient times, it has been known that a small amount of metals such as silver, copper and zinc are added to pure gold to increase the strength and toughness of gold, so the gold ornaments made in this way are called decorative gold. The production of determining the pure gold content in decorative gold is called "gold position", which is karat in English and generally translated as "kai", and can also be abbreviated as "K" according to the English prefix. Therefore, jewelry is also called "K" gold. Generally speaking, pure gold is 24K, which means that the gold content is 100% in theory. Therefore, 1K means that the gold content in gold ornaments accounts for 1/24, which is about 4. 16%. The consumption habit in China is generally 24K, 18K, but in some countries in Europe and America, 14K or 12K gold is often used to inlay jewelry.
What are "gold jewelry" and "platinum jewelry"?
All jewelry crafts made entirely of gold and part of gold can be called "gold jewelry", and gold jewelry made of precious metal "platinum" is called "platinum jewelry". Because platinum is more dispersed in the earth's crust than gold, it is difficult to extract it, so platinum jewelry is more expensive than gold jewelry.
32. How to choose a jade bracelet?
Among all kinds of jade jewelry, jade bracelet is the one with the largest output and the highest value. Experienced jade sculptors all know that when a piece of jade can be used as a jade bracelet without cracks, we must first try to process it into a jade bracelet.
1, when selecting bracelets, carefully observe whether there are cracks (secondary fracture lines, often distributed horizontally) in the jade bracelet, and comprehensively observe the front, back, inside and outside of each jade bracelet, especially pay attention to whether there are cracks or damages in the red line of the jade bracelet, because serious cracks are fatal to the jade bracelet.
2. Find out the flaws of the jade bracelet with keen eyes (including black or yellow spots, white "stone flowers" and unbroken original jade patterns); At the same time, we should pay attention to whether the shape of the jade bracelet is round, whether the rod diameter is uniform and whether the polishing is up to standard.
3. Pay attention to whether the size and diameter of the jade bracelet ring meet the needs, which is related to the buyer's fat and age. For example, middle-aged and elderly people like slightly thicker strips, while young people like thinner strips.
4. A good jade bracelet should be colored. "species" refers to the fineness, crystal and transparency of jade; "Color" mainly refers to emerald green, and it is not bad if it is beautiful violet, cyanine or chic "three-color jade" or "four-color jade". Generally speaking, we should firmly remember the following four formulas: first check the cracks to prevent fatal, the defects should be less refined, the sizes do not match, the transaction is difficult, and the "colored" edge products are excellent.
Thirty-three, how to distinguish the jade lines and cracks on the jade bracelet?
Jade merchants have a mantra: "No grain makes no jade". There is some truth in this sentence. For example, a jade bracelet, with a magnifying glass of 10 times or the naked eye, it is not surprising that some tiny jade lines (also called jade edges) appear. Apart from the beauty of jade, these jade patterns have little effect on the firmness. Cracks are another matter. They are secondary cracks caused by explosion, knocking, vibration or bumping in the process of mining, transportation, processing or storage of jade. These cracks often have obvious cracks and can even be scraped off with nails. The color of cracks is often black or yellowish brown. Although the bracelet with this crack will not crack immediately, it is easy to break, especially affecting the appearance, giving people an imperfect and unpleasant feeling and affecting sales.
How to test the size of a ring when buying a jade bracelet? How to match the colors?
When buying jade bracelets, it is not difficult to test the size of the ring you need to wear. There are two main situations: 1. In the presence of the buyer, as long as the jade bracelet can reach into the tiger's mouth with four long fingers (except the thumb), it feels a little tight, and then take off the jade bracelet to measure the inner diameter, for example, just 55 mm, then this size. If you like to loosen it a little, increase 1-2 mm, and you can easily put it on or take it off. Some people like to wear smaller jade bracelets. Even if they don't want to take them off, they can reduce the size of them to 1-2 mm and try them on the spot. When trying it on, put some detergent or soapy water on your hands, ask others for help, and put the jade bracelet on your wrist. 2. When the buyer is not present, you'd better know the size of the jade bracelet you need. Some people wrap a small rope around their wrists at home, and then let others bring a small rope to buy jade bracelets, which is difficult to be accurate. In terms of color, young people prefer light colors, while middle-aged and elderly people prefer jade bracelets with darker colors. Young women prefer red and green hibiscus flowers, light green flowers and blue flowers and gorgeous violet jade bracelets. Middle-aged women like light-colored mung bean green, oil green and colorful violet jade bracelets. Old people like violets or Hong Fei with green and white "Fu Lu Shou" three-color jade bracelets best, while those with poor economic conditions like dark green mung bean green, oil green, melon skin green and other green jade bracelets. In addition, white jade bracelets with obvious green color are almost universally loved.
How to wear and protect jade bracelets?
Jade bracelets made of jadeite, nephrite or agate are hard, but brittle and easy to crack or break. If a precious jade bracelet is properly protected, it will not break even if it is worn for decades, but it will break in half a second if it collides with a hard object or falls on a hard floor. Therefore, the ring of the jade bracelet should not be too small, so as not to be damaged when forcibly put on or taken out.
Thirty-six, how to buy jade pendants?
The so-called jade "pendants" mainly refer to four categories: pendants of the zodiac, three naked pieces (jade buckle, heart of a chicken and fear of fear), two carved pieces (Guanyin and Maitreya Buddha) and flower pendants. When buying the above pendants, there are many things to pay attention to in terms of types, specifications, quality, customs and taboos. The following is a brief introduction and explanation:
1. Generally speaking, a chicken heart and a scared heart are suitable for women to wear, while "Men wear Guanyin and women wear Buddha", jade buckles are suitable for men, women and children, but men prefer large buckles (above 30 mm), and it is a common law for women's children to prefer small buckles.
2. Requirements for quality: Generally speaking, bare pendants such as jade buckles, chicken hearts and clothes hangers have no cracks. Jade carving factory will also pay attention to this point when selecting materials, that is, "if there are cracks, don't make exposed parts", because there is no pattern to cover the exposed parts, even if it is made into finished products, it is difficult to sell. On the contrary, Guanyin, Buddha, flower pendants and zodiac pieces often have bright or dark cracks or jade patterns, which is called "no carving without patterns". Of course, cracks are not allowed in high-grade and middle-grade carvings with higher prices, and cracks are not allowed in double-sided carvings. In addition, if there are dirty spots and stone flowers, they will be downgraded or classified as defective products.
3. Regarding customs and taboos, because babies and young singles have delicate skin, it is not appropriate to buy pendants with metal plum buttons. Only jade buttons don't need plum buttons, so they are the most suitable.
37. What are the forms and contents of jade pendants?
There are many kinds of jade pendants, but they can be roughly divided into the following categories:
1. According to the carving process, there are double-sided relief, single-sided relief, three-dimensional carving (garden carving), hollow carving, single-sided relief and single-sided shallow carving, among which double-sided relief can be divided into flowering and non-flowering.
2. According to the shape of pendants, there are several common types: round, oval, rectangle, triangle (more common), lock card shape and irregular shape.
3. According to the contents of the pendant, there are birth culture, religious culture, such as Buddha, Guanyin and cross, Xi Shou culture of Fulu, such as dragon and phoenix becoming auspicious, two dragons playing with pearls, Song He celebrating birthday, Five Blessingg holding birthday, etc., and light bodies such as heart of a chicken, jade buttons and trousers buttons.
Thirty-eight, how to buy jade ring?
When purchasing jade rings, you should pay attention to the following points:
1, saddle ring, first observe whether there are cracks or defects around the ring surface, then see whether the size is appropriate, and then see whether the green or Hong Fei on the saddle surface is all green or all red. If it is green or red, its color should be located in the center and not biased towards one end. Finally, see whether the process of the whole ring is excellent, including whether its inner side has been polished.
2, small garden ring, should also first check whether there are cracks or defects, try again (or quantity) size, and then see whether the jade is transparent and the craftsmanship is exquisite.
Thirty-nine, how to buy jade ring face?
Pay attention to the following points when purchasing various jade ring faces:
1, saddle ring surface, beautiful shape, coordinated length-width ratio, not too thin, transparent jade, preferably full green; Check the front and back, no cracks and defects;
2, egg-shaped torus, the shape should be beautiful, the thickness should be a little bigger (that is, a bump like half an egg) and it can't be as flat as a discus (flat is caused by thin jade pieces); Check the front and back, no cracks and defects;
3, olive pointed ring surface, the shape should be beautiful, the length-width ratio should be coordinated, no cracks, no flaws.
4, rectangular ring face, beautiful shape, pay attention to the thickness can not be too thin, so as not to be damaged when inlaid.
Forty, how to buy a necklace?
A necklace consists of a neck chain around the neck, also called a short necklace, and a chest chain hanging outside the neckline of a coat, also called a long necklace. The products sold in China's jewelry market are generally 42 cm and 54 cm pearl necklaces and gem necklaces, and you can also see 107cm long gem necklaces (such as necklaces made of olivine, garnet, crystal, hibiscus, jade, turquoise, agate and other thick materials), which are often loved by tall and chic women. There are several women of medium height who wear long necklaces around their chests twice (one long and one short), which is quite distinctive. You should pay attention to buying necklaces.
1, pay attention to the length of the necklace and the color and particle size of the beads, and choose according to your age and hobbies;
2. Pay attention to the quality of beads (including jade quality and processing technology level). For example, tie a bead chain with equal number of grains to check whether one grain is too big or too small. For example, tie it with two small tower chains that gradually become bigger in the middle, and pay attention to whether the beads on the whole chain suddenly become bigger or smaller. If it is a necklace with beads, carefully check whether the beads between each two beads are defective; In addition, check the roundness and integrity of each bead, including whether there are cracks and defects.
3. Pay attention to the form and quality of the chain link. The common forms of jade necklace buckle in China are