According to the records of Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng fell ill in Yuanmingyuan on August 21st in the 13th year (1735). However, before that, he worked as usual and met some officials. At this time, his health will not be too bad. No.21,I didn't rest. On the night of the 22nd, I was ill. I summoned Prince Bao, Zhuang, Prince, E Ertai and Zhang, and led the ministers, officials, relatives, ministers and assistant ministers to announce Li Hong's succession. On the 23rd, I passed away. This emperor, who had a certain influence on the history of China and had a legendary experience, suddenly abandoned the golden throne and the world he longed to miss.

The "true record" of Yongzheng's death only reflects the speed of his death, while Zhang, who died for him, provided some new information with emotion. Zhang wrote in his chronicle:

Yongzheng fell ill on the 20th, but it was normal. On the 22nd, he visited the emperor during the day and was called in at night, so he was "terrified". Is there anything to hide besides being surprised at the rapid change of the condition? This cannot be ruled out.

Stabbed to death by Lv Siniang

Yongzheng's sudden death, the official book does not contain the reasons, which is easy to arouse people's doubts. Coupled with the legends and comments about him, it is easier to arouse people's speculation, so there are various statements about natural death. Among them, the idea of being assassinated by Lv Siniang is more popular. Legend has it that Lv Siniang is the daughter of Lv Liuliang and Lu Baozhong, the son of Jinshi. In the case of Lv Liuliang, she escaped with her mother and a servant, revenged her father's ancestors, practiced martial arts, and entered the palace to kill Yongzheng. Still Yun, her master was a monk. She used to be a swordsman in Yongzheng, but she didn't want to use it, so she left and trained this female disciple. According to some people, this statement is "all true records." This legend still has a market today. 198 1 year, Yongzheng underground palace was excavated, but it was abandoned before construction. But the society says that the coffin has been opened, and Yongzheng has a corpse without a head. It is planned to prove through archaeological excavation that Yongzheng was stabbed to death by Lv Siniang. In fact, this statement makes no sense. Yongzheng disposed of the Lu family, slaughtered the corpse and beheaded it. His grandson sent someone to guard the pagoda and made the armor a slave. During the Qianlong period, Lu Yi left some people who opened noodle shops, pharmacies and practiced medicine, and some people became prison donors, who were discovered by the Qing government and sent to Heilongjiang as slaves. After living in Qiqihar, Li Shuishi camp. Lu's descendants are all there, but they are strictly controlled and cannot move freely. Of course, they can't avenge their ancestors. As for the escape of Lv Siniang's master and servant, it is impossible. At that time, Li Wei, the governor of Zhejiang Province who handled this matter, was famous for being good at catching thieves, so he was appointed to be responsible for the theft in Jiangsu. If Lv Liuliang's descendants escape, he will be able to pursue the case. In addition, he also set up a plaque for Lu Jia. After the Lu case, Yongzheng didn't blame him. He will deal with the relevant personnel in fear, how can he let the descendants of the principal escape!

Hanging by a maid-in-waiting eunuch

This legend also has its origins. There is also a legend that in the ninth year of Yongzheng, the maid-in-waiting and eunuchs Wu Shouyi and Huo matured and slept, tied by a rope and dying, and were cured with the medicine of Doctor Zhang. This is a fake thing. A similar thing happened in the Ming Dynasty. In the twenty-first year of Jiajing (1542), Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty was hanged by maid-in-waiting Yang, but he did not die. He took the medicine of Xu Shen, a doctor who cured him too much, and recovered. The temple names of Yongzheng and Jiajing are all "sejong". According to folklore, it is inevitable to put the things of Ming Sejong on Qing Sejong. Yongzheng was stabbed to death by Lv Siniang, which may have originated from this. Besides, his grandson Jiaqing was really stabbed. In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), on February 20th, Jiaqing returned to ouchi from Yuanmingyuan, entered Shenwumen and reached Shunzhenmen. Suddenly, a flag bearer, Chen De, tried to assassinate him, but he was caught before he could get close. This assassination in the Forbidden City in the Palace may also become a version of the assassination of Yongzheng by assassins attached to the later generations.

There is also the saying that Yongzheng was assassinated by a Lushi woman in Hunan. It is said that Lu was executed for rebellion, and her female swordsman revenged her husband, entered Changchun Garden, assassinated Yongzheng, and then committed suicide. This is what the novelist said. It is said that Hunan people were killed because of the Ceng Jing case. Mistaking Yuanmingyuan for Changchun Garden shows that the rumor is untrue.

Death theory of Dan medicine poisoning

There is also speculation that Yongzheng died of Dan medicine poisoning.

Yongzheng has long been interested in Taoist medicine stones. He admired Ziyang and rebuilt the Taoist temple for him. He especially praised the real person for "inventing the essence of the elixir of life". It can be seen that he has a strong interest in Taoist Dan medicine. He usually likes to take Ji Dan's Dan medicine. Four years (1726), given to E Ertai. After taking it for one month, the recipient reported that it was "very effective". Yongzheng told him: "This recipe is really good. If compared with this medicine, I will add a heavy tolerance. " Is it still used as a tour guide in Autumn Harvest? "Ask him to combine Confucianism and Taoism. Yongzheng also gave Ji to Tian Wenjing, saying that he was taking it continuously. Regular service is not to cure a disease, but to replenish vitality. People always have scruples about taking Dan medicine, fearing that they won't throw it on themselves. Therefore, Yongzheng assured Tian Wenjing: "This Dan Xiu is exquisite and the effect is quite different. Take it boldly, don't doubt it. This is a harmless medicine. I know best. "This shows that he studied the medicinal properties of Dan medicine.

Yongzheng raised Taoist priests in the palace, originally for the purpose of curing diseases. Some used medical stones, and some used other means, such as Jia Shifang chanting spells and visiting massage technique. Lou Jinyuan prayed for Yongzheng, who "didn't like to talk about the method of refining qi and repairing truth" and was not a doctor. He was very popular with Yongzheng and was named Miaoying as a real person. Governor Yongzheng made a secret order to recommend Taoism, which understands medicine, to "cultivate people who keep in good health". Taoist Zhang Taixu, Wang Dinggan and others made an alchemy for Yongzheng. They practiced the theory of "refining fire" in Yuanmingyuan. Yongzheng has a close relationship with Taoist priests. He hoped that Taoist priests would treat him and strengthen his body, and praised Taoist elixirs. These circumstances indicate that he may have died of poisoning by taking Dan medicine.

On the third day of Yongzheng's death, the new king Qianlong ordered the expulsion of Taoist Zhang Taixu, which was an intriguing thing related to Yongzheng's death. Qianlong imperial edict:

When the emperor took an examination of more than 10 thousand leisure time, he heard the theory of practicing outside fire. The holy man knows his right and wrong and wants to try it. He thinks games are tools for leisure. Because Zhang Taixu, Wang Dinggan and others were placed in the empty place of the West Garden, the sacred heart regarded them as the same as You and others, and did not listen to them and used one of their medicines. And knowing that he is a street rascal, it is best to make trouble, and the emperor has talked to the prince many times. Today, I will drive Iraq and others out and return to their hometown. ..... Iraq and others are usually restless, arrogant and perverse, deceiving the world and the people, and the law and order are dry. They were taught by the emperor for a long time. Therefore, leniency and deportation are the grace of re-creation. If Iraq and others walk in the palace for several years, they will never be exposed if they shout a word in the palace and cheat outside. Once interviewed, they will be investigated and punished immediately, unforgiven.

Yongzheng was in a hurry. He succeeded to the throne. It is really puzzling that he should take expelling Taoist priests as an important task. If it was purely out of disgust for Taoist priests, it would have been easy to retire. If this is the only reason, it will make my lieutenants think that he was the first person to find fault with his father when he acceded to the throne, which is not good for his rule. He won't do that. However, there may be a big reason. It is possible that Nai's father died after eating Taoist pills, leaving a bad name for Yongzheng and driving him away because of hatred. This kind of deep hatred could have made Wang Dinggan equal to Siming, but if he killed someone during the hot burial, it would make things worse and make people talk about it, but it would be ugly, so he was fired and strictly controlled.

In order to deepen the research on this issue, it is necessary to find out the historical changes of Taoism's immortality and why people still believe in it in Ming and Qing Dynasties. What are the characteristics of Taoist medical stone at this time? Is it possible for Yongzheng to take Dan medicine? I haven't studied these problems specifically, but I just put them forward here.

There are three possibilities about the cause of death of Yongzheng. The official book records that he died of illness, but it does not explain the abnormal death, which makes people suspicious. Teacher Zheng Tianting thinks that Yongzheng "died of a stroke". Unfortunately, he didn't explain it, but it is worthy of attention. The second is being stabbed by a swordsman. This nonsense can't stand argument. Third, it is reasonable that he died of Dan medicine poisoning. However, this is an inference and cannot be decided.

Buried tailings

Yongzheng died in the middle of the night. Qianlong, Yunli, E Ertai and Zhang sent his body back to ouchi overnight, put it in the palace and buried it at eight or nine o'clock in the morning. Due to sudden death and inadequate preparation for the funeral, when the body was sent back to ouchi, Zhang, E Ertai and other attendants had to take the rotten horse in the official shed or the mule carrying coal in the cloud and go on. Zhang almost fell off his horse, and E Ertai cracked his anus, bleeding profusely. After arriving in ouchi, Zhang didn't drink a mouthful of water all night, but only slept for an hour that night. E Ertai was busy in the forbidden area for seven days and seven nights before coming home. After everyone's efforts, everything went smoothly in Yongzheng's funeral. On the 27th, the testamentary edict was published. On September 1 1, the Lama Temple was placed in Zigong. 1 1 month 12, Qianlong went to posthumous title as his father, and wrote "Jing Tian Chang Yunjian expressed Wu Yingming, forgiveness, righteousness and filial piety, and became a virtuous emperor", and the temple number was "Sejong". In February of the first year of Qianlong, Yongzheng Mountain Mausoleum was named "Tailing". On the second day of March of the second year, Yongzheng was buried in the Tailing Underground Palace in Yizhou, and on the fifth day, he was promoted to the ancestral temple by his gods.

Yongzheng, like other emperors, soon arranged a tomb for another day after he ascended the throne. Because both Shunzhi and Kangxi Mausoleum are in Zunhua, it is natural to choose Zunhua as the mausoleum site. But at the beginning of the construction, I found that the soil was not good, so I gave up and didn't look elsewhere. Gao Qizhuo and Fujian Governor Yun Xiang were ordered to investigate, and they found Taiping Island in Taining Mountain, yi county. Yongzheng was very satisfied with this place and thought that "the landscape method is in good order and is the address of the last episode." But it is far from my father's mausoleum, which does not conform to the principle of building a mausoleum. But Yongzheng made up his mind to ask his liegeman to find him a reasonable basis. Sure enough, some college students said that although the tombs of Han and Tang Dynasties were all built in Shaanxi, the tombs of Gaudi, Wendi, Jingdi and Wudi were located in Xianyang, Chang 'an, Gaoling and Xingping counties respectively, and the tombs of Tang Gaozu, Taizong, Gaozong and Xuanzong were scattered in Sanyuan, Liquan, Ganxian and Pucheng. On this basis, they set up a mausoleum in Yizhou. In this way, Yongzheng decided to set up a mausoleum in Yizhou through public opinion.

In site selection, Yongzheng actively prepared engineering materials. He thinks that his mausoleum, as long as it is done well, will not cost anything.

In the eighth year (1730), the Fuling project was completed in the second year of Qianlong (1737). Tailing is composed of a group of buildings, including a large stele pavilion, a main hall, a Long 'en Hall, a square city, an open building and an underground palace, as well as a group of stone statues. Tailing is magnificent and is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The forbidden area in the past has now become a tourist attraction, which naturally goes against Yongzheng's wishes, but it has made more people know about him.

-Excerpted from Feng Erkang's Biography of Yongzheng.

People's publishing house