The pebbles (or pebbles) or puzzles standing on the bridge junction carve (or write) "stones" on the inner wall of shells or the "ominous customs" of Mount Tai Shi Gandang are deeply loved by the people.

origin

Writing on a Stone is the first time I have seen the "urgent chapter" in the history of the Western Han Dynasty: "Learn from the tiger, stone tablet, break without breaking, dragon is young". Analysis function note: "Guarding paraffin, bought a stone, Shi Xie, Zheng Shi, Shi, Zhou's Expressway, Shi Qi disagreed, and then ordered home. The movie is invincible. "Yanshi is a surname, invincible Italian film. Taonan Village (volume 17) and The Story of the Stone quoted the historical journey "Chong", and noted that Yan totally agreed. The analytical function of Shi Gandang's explanation is not satisfactory. We know that Mr. Yan is concerned about the "urgent" children's book: the man surnamed Shi in Shi Gandang, a Wenzhou native, is invincible. Unless the man's surname Shi is very famous, it is unacceptable, and it is difficult to explain it clearly in teaching. Modern scholars have pointed out that Shi Moumou, who had the reputation of reciting ancient books and being an invincible hero in the pre-Han Dynasty, has not been found yet. Stone chip phrase. "Chong", its person and its descendants, is the only metaphor on the stone tablet under this special background. Comrades in Liu Qun. ("Folk" 4 1-42): As the saying goes, tigers, stone tablets and dragons are young. Functional Analysis Si Tong is a surname, invincible in the world. The words of the so-called invincible box stone tablet. The town is a little dissatisfied, but it is still doing the old adage. Why do you want to take the word "China folk god"? )

Another view is that Shi Gandang, a Wenzhou native, belongs to the Five Dynasties Han Warrior. The Confucian "Broken Records" said: "There are stone tablets with the names of Korean and Liu Zhiyuan soldiers in the Five Dynasties, and they admire the names of the ancients to express their opinions." Chen Yang Guan Ming's people? "Yuan" also said that "Liu Zhiyuan was Jin Zuya of the Five Dynasties, but when he fled in East Timor, he unfortunately sent a hammer wrestler to Zhiyuan in Weizhou Island. In the process of Jin Zu's pity for the emperor, Chile died of success, and the stone tablet was far from the burning seal that killed the emperor. Shi Gandang, a Wenzhou native, is a blessing in his life, and the red color of his anti-crisis is that he is a bridge for future generations, an inscription, and a resident who keeps his surname. "

secret

Some people think that Shi Gandang Shijie and the Five Dynasties Warrior Shi'm didn't do this for two reasons:

(1) In the Historical Investigation of the Old Five Dynasties, the famous Shi Gan and the unknown Shi Gandang did not regard words as stones. According to "A Brief History of Five Emperors", Hutchison must add a note: Mayor Hill in Houjin. Tang Zhaofuque and Min met the late Emperor Jin and fled to Yingshun's home. Passers-by must be added behind the national park. The stamina of regicide around you must be increased. The status of Emperor Mi Qian, who dared to add a sleeve hammer, changed in the late Jin Dynasty. He dared to let his master, Gao Zu, enter a room, block the door with a huge tree and commit suicide. Emperor Yan mobilized the people not to kill Emperor Min, and it was gradually difficult to get rid of it. Then, according to Article 10 of the Korean version of the Minutes of the New Five Dynasties, "Lu opposes the emperor's deviant behavior." It's a pity that the emperor's program needs to be burglarized by soldiers around him, dare to fight and fight, and die by his side, which is known far and near. Unfortunately, the soldiers killed the people around the emperor and spread the emperor out of the family. Although the writing is slightly different from that described in the Five Dynasties History of Old and New, the warrior Shi Gan and Shi Gandang are the same.

(2) The unearthed history of Shi Gandang's "Breaking the Chapter" has been seen by people braver than Shi Ming, a great warrior of the Five Dynasties. Zhai Hao, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said in the well-known series "It has been clearly pointed out that stone dare not be related to the Five Dynasties in Shi Gandang": "According to the History of the Five Dynasties, it is a pity that the case of Jin Yaya's great-grandfather in Liu Zhiyuan was passed on to the Jade Emperor in the Tang Dynasty, and the stone servants of Yuanwei did not dare to hammer his great-grandfather's sleeve, fearing that there would be changes, so the so-called plant stone carving was used to combine the calendar carving and knew it was necessary. "

(c) Calling "Shi Gandang of Mount Tai" a "doctor" (doctor). The note roll in the teahouse 10, saying: "Wang Yuyang Shanren, Pan Chao, Wang Zhen)" was recorded by one person in the pavilion, saying: Qilu custom, many villages and lanes erected stones, engraved with the words "Mount Tai and Shi Gandang", waiting for doctors and patients at dusk. The so-called therapist is from the north, and the doctor says Shi Dafu, that is, the reporter: five words South Africa says to doctors and patients or doctors. "In this respect, knowledge, Taishan stone tablet doctor said it is not wide, only in the north, and South Africa is free. The Spread of Mount Tai in the North —— Why should Shi Gandang check its origin? The doctor said that the stone that has been circulating for a long time dares to explain the evil of the demon town. I'm afraid those who spread Taishan Stone are complicated with a god or can be cured. Otherwise, why do you say that the "dusk night" of doctors and patients has also entered the day when medical practitioners don't talk?

According to literature records and interviews, there are "stones" (or "those stone materials and rare other materials from Taishan Shi Gandang") in Taian City, Shandong Province, such as "Taishan Shi Gandang" or 1988: 12 inscription (book) found in Feicheng County, in addition. Legislation such as language (jigsaw puzzle) What is the role of stones? For example, Tang Lida's five stones unearthed in Putian County read "All ghosts in Shi Gandang Town are tired of this epidemic". Another function is to expand or romanticize such a basic role. The stone is engraved with "stone" and "stone" to suppress evil spirits. Its function is a very tiring disaster, without the profound connotation of the internal connection from the fear of inspection. Mr. Wang Zongyan said in the article "Stone Tablet": "It is a curse that Huainan can do everything, and ghosts can't rain pebbles at home." There are many small gardens and "stones buried in urban houses" in Geng Xin. Notes from Jingchu of Wu Dynasty: "From the excavation of houses in Twilight City in June and February of 5438, a huge stone is buried in every town house." (Folk 86-89). Mr. Wang said that the pig thinks this may be the origin of Shi Gandang. Mr. Wang also pointed out: "The word Shi Sanyi covers the town stone, and when it is red, it is in the front farmhouse and the corner street is straight." (China Folk Gods) is a group of two comrades Wang Zhu's view, which is considered "reasonable", and further points out: "(referring to the master of Putian in Tang Dynasty and Song Faxian), but if the small stones of later generations are buried, that is, the lead in the house under the stone town that is not the homestead, it is quite similar. In fact, the remains of ancient superstition worship and the stone superstition buried in the house are all simplified into a modern stone, a small stone, which is also considered as an ear superstition that can ward off evil spirits. " (Folk Gods), Liu Qun thinks that Shi Gandang is "the relic of ancient spiritual worship, which is very incisive. Discovery is a little less than discussion.

explain

Lingshi worship is a very primitive and popular religious custom, which was formed in prehistoric society and class society, and their custom has continued to this day. Lingshi's worship of heaven, earth and mountains has a certain relationship with ancestors' prayer for fertility and evil spirits. Only "stones", some aversion to disasters and some discussion about worship are discussed here. "The first stage of the development of animistic primitive religious thought." Some rocks, strange shapes and colors, or their special geographical environment may have been endowed with spirituality by the ancients. The local natives, people, gods and stone people in Taiwan Province Province regard it as the object of Paul's happiness and avoiding evil spirits. The worship of white stone is prevalent in Qiang areas of China. The origin of white stone worship in Qiang legend: the ancients were strong, but the battle of Geji people could not be won. God dreams to show strength and use white stone as a weapon to defeat Geji people. Qiang and other words, just do it, really overcome it. However, I don't know the image of Baishi, but I worship him. In rural Africa and Nigeria, rock gods worship food in order to cure it. There is a sacred stone in New Guinea, which acts as a guide for the local people, circularly influencing other things, such as in the garden, and can increase the harvest. According to the folklore data and archaeological data mentioned above, there are some examples. In the Qin cultural cemetery in Yongjing, Gansu, many headstones are large and small, mostly white. Stones can be placed on his head, at his sides, and others can be placed around the dead. Throughout the ages, regardless of burial, there are stone burials, 56, 105 US dollars. Prehistoric tombs in Nanning, Guangxi, such as many popular stone tombs in Qiangtang, Western Jin Dynasty, all buried her head with one or two rough stones, surrounded by some tomb bones and stones. 1945 In the spring, Mr. Xia Nai unearthed a large piece of gravel and buried it in Siwa Tomb in Lintao, Gansu. Another prehistoric tomb of Yuanmou Dunzi site, the stone burial of Daxi cultural site in Wushan, Sichuan. It is worth mentioning that in the prehistoric tombs of the same cemetery, there are always several buried stones, and the owner of the tomb is likely to die abnormally. The stone buried in the tomb is probably a spiritual stone, lest the deceased become a demon. Let's go back to the stone tablet. Deng Yanshi attached importance to the language of The Story of the Stone in the history of the Western Han Dynasty. As mentioned above, it is not appropriate for Yan to note the surname of "Shi". The real meaning of Shi Gandang should be understood as "Beggars' Sect Shi Hongye". Lingshi can resist all evil and refuse disaster. In the vulgar area, the circumstantial evidence of Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty was also found: there was a stone man at the head of Peng's tomb in Ruyang, Henan Province, and after Tianmu bought bait, it was Shishou City. Tired from the heat, the stone man suddenly realized the surviving bait and suddenly left unconsciously. "This incident was said by passerby Hong Chuan:" Stone people can cure diseases and are more grateful. "His abdomen, headache, abdominal pain, incurable disease self-healing, installation, because the word has the image of" grazing ",the stone man in the tomb is a" sage ",obviously, this is a stone man who symbolizes a case of bad medicine. Speaking of this, the Bi Xia Temple at the top of Mount Tai passes through the monument, commonly known as sorrow, because it is useful to prevent diseases with coins and Moroccan customs. It says in the mouth of Yubei: Touch Yubei Mountain in Yubei District, touch Yubei, and you will not get sick. " Remember less such rude words. There are similarities in Song Renzong's Li Qingli. Shi Mingyun, who was unearthed in Putian County in the fifth year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 770), said: "Shi Gandang Town, a Wenzhou native, hates ghost disasters, and the officials are blessed and the people are healthy, and the wind is prosperous, and the ceremony is joyful. "This Shiming was buried in a lower residence before, and the significance of their town house is self-evident. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the "Stone" (or "Taishan Stone Carving") town house or town driveway bridge road hub was quite prosperous. Quoting the popular compilation of the ancient anthology "Cloud" reveals the situation of Miss China, who will directly erect a stone statue or transplant a town stone to carve Shi Gandang Yuan Mei's Garden Essay, including: "Today, it is a dream, but it is called" Stone Story ". When Mr. Deng Erya was in his twenties, he made an investigation at the beginning of this century: "Stone carvings on the common Taishan stone tablet in Guangdong are everywhere. This situation may be that the residents of Foley are haunted by ghosts and things when they are evil spirits. Most of the above are north and south, and vice versa. As mentioned earlier, in Zaozhuang City, which can be proved by the language of Ren Shan, Wang Yuyang (that is, Wang Zhen) in the Qing Dynasty, "Qilu customs, stone stands above the entrance of the village, and Taishan carved five characters", a strange stone was found in the court at the bottom, with a height of 1. 1.65 meters, a width of 0.35 meters and a thickness of 0.35 meters, engraved with "two separate houses". After Qin Long, Ming 'an Mu Zongzhu was in Longqing, and Zhang Miao Village in Feicheng County was also the "Stone House in Taishan Town". Ten outstanding people have discovered this, and we can draw the following conclusion: Shi Gandang custom is the beginning and worship of ancient relics, and its function is evil, and it is a disgusting disaster no matter where you are.

Perhaps readers have noticed that the data quoted above are that the early information of "Stone" and "Shi Gandang from Wenzhou, Taishan" has nothing to do with Shi Gandang, Taishan. As for the stone, "stone" means "Taishan stone". Early data only said stone, but it was not involved. So, when did "Taishan Shi Gandang" appear and become popular? What are "Mount Shi Gandang" and "Stone" for? Folk stories collected by Mr. Deng Erya: According to legend, during the reign of Kangxi, the universal worship of music and courtesy, while the paintings of Didong Gallery were the opposite, and the residents had their own shortcomings. In terms of fitness, Jiangxi is just sitting there, and the ochre-colored clothes are thrown to the west by Taoist priests, which means the so-called divisiveness that can be bridged. Due to Sunday's. Taoism, he said: "The evil trivia of this house is auspicious." The words "Taishan stone pattern" are used in the book. Pure Yang calligraphy model. Always afraid that Xie Xuan would lose the priest, he said, "It is fortunate, inestimable and holy to divide the temple today. "Although feng sent to the south. Ledong Langdan, the word diameter is many feet. A salty visit between the early valleys.

folklore

During the reign of Kangxi, any magistrate went to the county for several days and died in office. Huang knows, knows these things, carrying a Mr. Feng Shui and his articles. In the shadow of a pagoda in Chaming County, Mr. Wang realized that the male of the county magistrate should be responsible for the pagoda and death that failed to bear the pressure. Then on the monument in front of the county government, the inscription "Taishan Shi Gandang" forced the enemy pagoda, Taishan. Not since. These two folklores are different, but there are similarities: one is the story of Kangxi period in Qing Dynasty, and the other is the evil of Shi Gandang Town in Taishan. Wang Zhen (1634-1711) talked about vulgar Qilu, which also involved "Mount Tai and Shi Gandang. Therefore, we can see that "Taishan Stone Carving" was popular in the early Qing Dynasty, and it may have appeared in Shi Gan, Catalonia as early as the Ming Dynasty, with the aim of improving health. The ancient Thai word "Tai" in Mount Tai is the word "mountain" in the broadest sense, and mountains can suppress evil spirits, which is not uncommon in ancient myths and legends. For example, the Monkey King (Monkey King) in The Journey to the West has been under Wuxing Mountain for 500 years. In a narrow sense, Dashan refers to Mount Tai in Tai 'an. Mount Tai, the sacred mountain, is towering and tall, and the ancient emperors worshipped Zen. The big fellow praised Taishan as "a tall man, a man, a big man, especially a man, a strong man, and he is a man who is not surprising and puzzling." Zhu Yuanzhang's so-called Mount Tai is rooted in Qilu, and I don't know how far it is. The towering Xi did not know that he had climbed dozens of miles. " The infinite divinity of Mount Tai is self-evident. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that evil stones repel disasters and dare to further enhance their strength in Catalonia.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, until today, there are still many folklores about Shi Gandang (or Shi Gandang on Mount Tai). Apart from Mr Deng Erya's collection, such legends and folktales in our hands are all strength and articles. Comrade Liu Que has been found in writing for more than ten years. In recent years, the Legend of Mount Tai (hereinafter referred to as Legend), the Grand View of Mount Tai Folk Stories, the Folk Stories of Mount Tai and the Legend of Mount Tai are abbreviated.

As mentioned earlier, Mr. Deng Erya collected the folk stories about Shi Gandang's stay in Taishan Wen with Comrade Li Qun, and thought that the basic starting point was "stone", although it was not early, because it was a popular era (early Qing Dynasty) and the popular areas were not very extensive. These two deep-rooted folk stories, their ancient sources, began to worship the relics-the significance of Shi Gandang's development, to ward off evil and avoid disasters. Stone carvings unearthed in Putian county, especially in Shibei town, Shimen, are tired of this plague. The words "ghosts travel at night" have an important influence on the formation of this kind of folk stories, which can be said to be true. The other kind is a folk story of exorcising demons and treating diseases, which takes stone tablets as "people". "Grand View", which contains two exorcism "driving elves", then the type is in a variant (project healing) and the legend of Shi Gandang, a folk inclusiveness, can be classified into this category. The story is about the treatment of ghosts and gods. Obviously, Wang Zhen of the Qing Dynasty said that the stone tablet was brave because the stone tablet of the northerners was "Doctor Dan". Although this kind of stone is regarded in folklore as a disgusting disaster in which a person begins to worship and suppress evil spirits, Shi Gandang, a Wenzhou native, also has something to do with it, but the profound meaning of this story.

The third category will be related to the folk stories of the five warriors in the Story of the Stone. Comrade Gu arranged gems (in Landscape) and comrades arranged stones (in Legend). Wang Baojun, a young comrade, compiled the sentences of Shi Gandang on Mount Tai (contained in Folk Stories), which were originally named "Shigang" and nicknamed "Stone". Obviously, the five generations of Shigang dared to change their voices. Such a folk story shows the power of stones. Stone and stone, the warriors of the Five Dynasties, have a bright future in the Qing Dynasty. Mount Tai, the editor of Jin Embroidery Banners in Qing Dynasty, also stressed: "These stones are warriors of five generations ... under the condition of serving the emperor with iron mallets, they died around the house that had been fighting for a long time, that is, the ears of Shi Gandang, a Wenzhou native, so we must avoid evil." Shi Gandang, a native of Wenzhou, is different from Shigan, but Shi Gandang, a native of Wenzhou, can be a hero with Shi Gandang, and there is still little connection. ".

The fourth category is the folk stories of Wenzhou folk Shi Gandang in Taishan. The two close friends of Mount Tai and Stone are Taizong Taishan Stone (see "Shanda"). The best friend type emphasizes Shi Gandang's former classmates and friends in Taishan. Rich families in Taishan, study hard and check the elevator comprehensively. Shi Gandang and Mount Tai, Wenzhou people, not only got nothing, but were reduced to street life alone. It is polite for Shi Gandang to ask Taishan government to keep your house. A few years later, Taishan went on a business trip and didn't return for half a year. Si Tong has a strong self-esteem. They lived for a long time. Taishan deliberately concealed it and didn't see it. After this farewell, Mount Tai officially returned to the government. I heard that Shi Gandang, a native of Wenzhou, died, but she also loved Mount Tai and rocks and died with the same man. She remembers their names. Mount Tai is with stones. "Taishan Shi Gandang. This folk story and legend, the chivalrous Taishan stone tablet, seems to doubt the villain casually. " The emperor rode behind Mount Tai and Merlin. When he saw that the horseshoe board really didn't improve, his curiosity ended in vain. Before leaving, he said, "I'm from Chang 'an". I didn't get what I wanted, but why did Taishan Stone stop me? This tone, shouting is "stone". "Li Shimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, has never been to Mount Tai, not to mention riding a horse to block Mount Tai. Folk stories and legends, the so-called stone (Mount Shi Gandang), the real origin and the meaning of Shi Gandang, the role of the gap, folk stories and all kinds of stones are also very different. I have been to many elders of Mount Tai nearby. Does anyone know when and where these folk stories were circulated? Is this a false doubt?

In a word, Wenzhou folk Shi Gandang ruins and ancient disasters resist the worship of evil classes, not the participation of "people". When the history of the Western Han Dynasty wandered in the language of "rushing stones", it should be interpreted as the enemy of Ling. Subsequently, "stone" stones were planted between the Tang Ming stones unearthed in Putian for many years, or in the Hutong Hub and Courtyard of Daqiaotou (or before that, the Catalan folk mountain in Shi Gandang, Wenzhou, (that is, Shi Gandang of Mount Tai) began in the Ming Dynasty, and in the Qing Dynasty, that is, today, the meaning of its sacred Mount Tai increased to be buried), which also means one. Shi Gandang, a powerful and varied folk story, is a stone with profound connotation. Stones have positive meanings, which are related to some parts, while others are completely different. Folklore, with a certain distance from the historical truth, can form its own reasons, such as recently. However, the names and imagination of some comrades' folk stories and legends, coupled with the fact that they are far from the historical truth, may not be desirable.

The legend of "Mount Tai Shi Gandang"

In dealing with the problem of missing corners in houses, the only choice is rocky mountain. What about the folk Shi Gandang in Taishan and Wenzhou? There is a legend.

Legend has it that at the foot of Mount Tai, there is a young man in the village named Shi and Mingwan. He is brave and sympathetic to the poor. It is famous in Taishan area. Some people bully others and look for unfair stones.

In their home in Nandiwen Town, Tai 'an City, an elderly couple has only one daughter. I don't know when, every time the sun goes down, I see the evil wind blowing straight into the girl's house from the southeast. As time went on, the girl became sallow and emaciated and very weak. Many doctors can't cure her illness. Then someone said, "enchanting light medicine seems to be incurable." I heard that Taishan Stone is very brave. Why not ask him to find a way? "

Shi Gandang said, "It's very easy. We can get 12 boys and girls in one gong. Then prepare a pot of sesame oil and cotton to make a thick wick, which is also a pot and chair. As long as these things are ready for the monster, I will be able to keep it. " I saw him put the wick on the sesame oil basin and light the lamp. The pot was buckled, and their feet sat beside it and picked up the edge of the pot, so that although the light was on, they could not see the distance. It was dark, accompanied by a whirring sound, and a bad wind blew from the southeast. Shi Gandang opened the pot with one foot, and the oil lamp immediately shone brightly. 12 Boys and girls beat gongs and drums at the same time. When the monster entered the room, the lights he saw and the noise he heard flashed quickly and fled to the south. This unhealthy trend, later in Fujian, continued to dominate the country. Farmers in Fujian are also plagued by evil spirits and suffer from serious diseases. Shi Gandang people inquired about the monster resisted by Taishan stone particles and went to Fujian. Shi Gandang, a Wenzhou native, used the old way to drive away monsters ... and this demon wind fled to the northeast. Some girls in the northeast were seriously ill, and people took stones to the northeast.

Shi Gandang thought, "I hurried back and fled to other places. The whole country is so big. How did I get here? " Yes, there are many stones in Mount Tai. I asked masons to engrave the stone in my hometown with the name-Taishan stone tablet, which is evil in the city center. Putting the stone on someone else's door, monsters are afraid to go in. "

Later, the Taishan stone tablet wanted to bite, spread further and further, and drive away evil people. When building a house, the stone "Mount Tai Shi Gandang" is always carved on the wall or door to ward off evil spirits.

Now, the disaster caused by the fracture of Fengshui Taishan Stone House has been solved. Get rid of the cinnabar sculpture and the mascot of "Taishan Shi Gandang" in the missing horn, and you can get rid of the evil spirits of missing horn.