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Baoji was called Chencang in ancient times, and its strategic position is very important. It is the traffic artery leading to the southwest and northwest of Guanzhong, and has always been a battleground for military strategists. Especially in the Three Kingdoms period, there have been many wars here, leaving many sites, which are the witness and memory of history. It is an important duty of contemporary people to inherit and make good use of these cultures.

First, the ruins of Baoji's Three Kingdoms are historical memories.

/kloc-More than 0/000 years ago, there were some soul-stirring battles in Baoji (Chencang), and many stories that affected the progress of China were interpreted, making it a place that attracted much attention and popularization.

The plank road is the historical witness of Baoji Three Kingdoms. The plank road is a kind of road built along cliffs in ancient times. In the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang used Han Xin's strategy to send troops to repair the plank road on the surface. In fact, the main force secretly copied the path to attack Chencang and took Guanzhong by surprise, which played an important role in establishing the Han regime. China's idiom, "Build a clear path, spend an hour in darkness", has been passed down to this day.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it became a hot spot again. The ancient plank roads in Fengxian and Taibai counties under Baoji's jurisdiction provided a convenient passage for Liu Bei's army to leave Hanzhong and March into Guanzhong for the Northern Expedition, leaving a lasting glory.

Fengxian County, located at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains, is known as the "hometown of plank roads". Fengzhou ancient city stands on the plank road and is called "the first city on the plank road". According to historical records, "There are four plank roads, and the Phoenix occupies the third place", which are the famous ancient roads, Ang Lee Yunlu and Chencang Road. There are also three shorter return lanes on the east and west sides of these three plank roads, namely Tangcang Hutian Road and Hechi Guanhechi County Road.

These plank roads have become a plank road traffic network running through Gu Feng County. The inclined plank road in Taibai county was the main traffic road between Qin and Shu during the Han and Three Kingdoms periods. The highway starts from Guobao Gukou (now Guobao Town in Hanzhong) in the south and ends at Xieshui Gukou (now Shitou River) in the southwest of Meixian County in the north, with a total length of 250 kilometers. Cutting walls and overlapping tiles along the way, paving plank roads.

In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang made his first northern expedition, saying, "Raise your voice by the Xiegu Road, making Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi suspicious soldiers." In the spring of the 12th year of Jianxing (234), the fifth Northern Expedition "From Oblique Valley" refers to Oblique Valley. In August of the same year, after Zhuge Liang died of illness in the former army in Zhang Wu, his body was still transported back to Hanzhong and buried at the foot of Dingjun Mountain.

According to the Records of Taibai County, Yaling, also known as Five Li Po, is the only place where the ancient plank road enters Sichuan. Because of the permanent military camp, fortification and garrison defense, it is called "Yaling".

The battle between Chen Cang and Wei Shu made Chen Cang famous. Volume 9 of the "Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi" records: "If (Cao) really punishes Qishan with (Zhuge), he will definitely go out." Is to make the general Zhao Hao, Wang Shengshou Chen Cang. Manage its city. "Zhao Hao was ordered to build a new Chencang city with a more complete defense function at the gates of Chencang, which was later called Chencang Downtown.

In December of the 6th year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty (AD 228), Zhuge Liang "set out to disperse customs and encircle Chencang" and made the second Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang stormed the car with a ladder, and Wei Jun burned the ladder with a rocket and threw stones at the car. The Shu army filled the moat, while Taiwei built a thick wall in the city. The Shu army wanted to dig a tunnel into the city, and Wei Bing dug a trench to intercept it.

After more than 20 days of attack and defense, the Shu army was "short of food and grass" and Wei sent general Zhang He to reinforce it. Zhuge Liang was forced to retreat and return to Hanzhong. Wei chased after him and was ambushed by Zhuge Liang. Therefore, Chencang City is famous for its ancient books.

The Shu army and Wei Jun Wuzhangyuan were at loggerheads for more than one hundred days. In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang's army left Xiegukou and arrived at Wuzhangyuan on the south bank of Wei River.

For the long-term plan, Zhuge Liang sent some soldiers to build camps to prepare for the war; Another part of the soldiers were sent to the wasteland of Wuzhangyuan to farm with the locals.

The Shu army has strict discipline and the people get along well with the soldiers. Wei Mingdi sent Sima Yi to lead Wei Jun across the Wei River, and also built camps to resist the Shu army. Zhuge Liang tried to fight Wei Jun many times, but Sima Yi always stuck to the camp, and the two sides were deadlocked in Wuzhangyuan for more than one hundred days.

In the end, Zhuge Liang died in the military camp because of overwork. This left the story of "but before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats".

In the vicinity of Wuzhangyuan, the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, there are also Sandaoling Sima Yi's worship of Taiwan, Wei Yan's garrison, Wei Yancheng, Anle Town, Yimi Stone Monument and Wuzhangyuan Wuhou Temple. These all have a place in the culture of the Three Kingdoms.

Second, the culture of the Three Kingdoms is an important part with distinctive features in China's traditional culture.

During this period in the history of the Three Kingdoms, no one can destroy the political forces of Wei, Shu and Wu Sanda. Later, when the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin, the culture of the Three Kingdoms was also formed. According to the summary of scholars, the cultures of the Three Kingdoms can be roughly divided into three types: hero, wisdom and ethics, which complement each other and are an important part of China's traditional culture with remarkable characteristics.

The first is the hero culture-the main theme of the Three Kingdoms culture. The outstanding appearance impression of the Three Kingdoms culture is its strong heroism. The Three Kingdoms is an era in which heroes rise side by side and emerge in large numbers. During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty, the magnificent war of hegemony and annexation was launched in all directions in China, and all social strata were involved in the wave of great turmoil and reorganization. Famous hero, Fei Yun, go to Wan Li.

The Three Kingdoms period is such a typical "heroic era". In that turbulent era, a large number of heroes such as Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang, Zhao, Ma and Huang gathered in the center of the historical stage from all corners of society.

They either regard civil and military politics as the king, or take wisdom as their plan, or gallop with superb martial arts, or take loyalty to the liver, righteousness and bravery as their own duty, or are admired by people for their outstanding temperament and behavior, leaving a group of heroes with distinctive personalities and unforgettable memories in the history of China.

The reason why later generations talk about the story of the Three Kingdoms again and again is precisely the distant attachment to the long-lost heroism.

The second is the wisdom culture-the charm of the culture of the Three Kingdoms. A History of the Three Kingdoms records a large number of historical facts of wise men settling down and saving the country, while a Romance of the Three Kingdoms is almost written with wisdom and strategy. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, was later hailed as the embodiment of China's national wisdom, which shows that wisdom culture occupies a large proportion in the culture of the Three Kingdoms.

Wisdom in the culture of the Three Kingdoms can be roughly divided into three kinds, namely, political wisdom, military wisdom and life wisdom, which are valuable cultural heritages left by the history of the Three Kingdoms to future generations. The tragicomedy of life choice and fate of the characters in the Three Kingdoms still has reference value even today.

Third, ethical culture-the cultural background of the Three Kingdoms. This ethicality is first manifested in the so-called "orthodox" dispute between Shu and Wei for more than a thousand years after Wei and Jin Dynasties, that is, the legitimacy and usurpation of the three countries and two major regimes;

Secondly, the culture of the Three Kingdoms shows a strong and distinct Confucian ethical tendency, and in the culture of the Three Kingdoms, the high-level political ethical value orientation and the social people's ethical value orientation are largely in the same direction, which constitutes a major feature of the Three Kingdoms culture.

In the history of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao and Cao Pi stood in the Han Dynasty, trying their best to create the myth of divination and divination, so as to prepare them for usurping the "orthodoxy" of the Han Dynasty. Liu Bei now calls himself Queen Jing of the Western Han Dynasty because of Liu's surname, and calls himself the natural heir of Han Zuo. Sun Wu's separatist regime in Jiangdong was difficult to get involved with the Han family in all aspects, so the dispute of "orthodoxy" mainly existed between Wei and Shu. At that time, fighting for "orthodoxy" was only for political needs.

Confucian ethics is very prominent in the cultures of the Three Kingdoms, and their evaluation criteria for historical events and historical figures are Confucian benevolence, righteousness, honesty and shame. Whether as a historical figure or a romantic figure, Liu Bei gives people a prominent impression of "benevolence", which is the characteristic of Liu Bei's success.

On his deathbed, Liu Biao asked him to lead Jingzhou animal husbandry, but he couldn't bear to take advantage of others' danger and declined. Jingzhou was in danger during the retreat and could not bear to leave behind 100 thousand people who followed the refugees. This scene was really touching.

Because Liu Bei was kind to others, he was able to enlist a large number of world-class civil servants and military commanders such as Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong, Guan, Zhang, Zhao, Ma, Huang, etc. to work under his command and lay the southwest with weak forces.

Great changes have taken place in the cultures of the Three Kingdoms with a long history. People's demand for the culture of the Three Kingdoms no longer attaches importance to the original main value components, the heroic culture is gradually declining, and the ethical culture is gradually weakening. On the contrary, the hero worship of the Three Kingdoms is transformed into entertainment consumption, the cultural inheritance of the Three Kingdoms is transformed into tourism economic development, and the wisdom culture of the Three Kingdoms is transformed into commercial enterprise culture.

After the integration and transformation of modern society, the cultures of the Three Kingdoms have completed the transformation from classical to modern. Therefore, apart from the economic aspect, the development of the culture of the Three Kingdoms will still be an important task for us to study Zhuge Liang and the culture of the Three Kingdoms, such as carrying forward his heroic spirit, reviving the social spirit, rationally inheriting the elements of loyalty that are beneficial to modern society, and educating young people on the historical wisdom and aesthetics of the Three Kingdoms.

Third, the realistic value of Baoji Three Kingdoms site culture.

(1) Studying the cultures of the Three Kingdoms can help us understand the history more deeply and find the source of wisdom.

Among the three kingdoms, Cao Cao's most successful political strategy is to "hold the emperor to make the princes". Cao Wei was able to unify half of the north from weak to strong in the warlord melee, and Cao Cao's political and military wisdom played a decisive role. Zhuge Liang undoubtedly has superhuman political wisdom. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the scholar-officials commented that he was "wise and resourceful, and strict in exceeding the moment".

An article "Longzhong Dui" is a brilliant analysis and foresight of Zhuge Liang, a young man in the late Han Dynasty, on the world situation in the Three Kingdoms. Later, he presided over the implementation of foreign affairs and internal affairs such as uniting Wu to resist Cao, pacifying South China, governing Shu and strictly administering politics, which once made "officials forbade rape, the people were self-motivated, did not leave a backward road, were weak enough to invade, and were awed", fully demonstrating the extraordinary political talent of a generation of politicians Zhuge Liang. Sun Ce and Sun Quan's father and son were also able to correctly assess the situation and decided to establish Jiangzuo earlier to gain hegemony in the southeast.

In particular, Sun Quan stabilized Wei and Shu from the outside, repaired politics from the inside, pacified Shanyue, respected corporal and recruited talents, which made Sun Wu once quite prosperous. (2) Learning the culture of the Three Kingdoms can integrate the culture of the Three Kingdoms into enterprise management.

The experience and wisdom accumulated in the Three Kingdoms War have important reference significance for enterprise management decision-making. In recent years, China has paid more and more attention to the role of the culture of the Three Kingdoms in enterprise decision-making and modern business wars. Guo Jixing and Li wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Business Strategy, Huo wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Modern Business Wars, and Li Jixing wrote The Decision-making Ability of Entrepreneurs.

As for applying Liu Bei's thoughts of benevolence and compassion to enterprise management, "tender management" has long been a common art of entrepreneurs.

The culture of the Three Kingdoms has also been introduced to Japan, and the top executives of famous Japanese companies such as Panasonic, Toyota and Sony have experts who are proficient in the study of the Three Kingdoms as think tanks to plan business strategies for enterprises.

Takeo Hashimoto, the former manager of Toyo Precision Industry Company, once said with deep understanding: "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a book on how to analyze the situation, mobilize favorable factors, defeat opponents and strengthen themselves, which is worth learning by Japanese entrepreneurs."

There are many books published in Japan about the business war between the Three Kingdoms and enterprises, the most famous of which are Research on Interpersonal Relations among the Three Kingdoms by Shan Ye Hiroshi, Learning from the Military Commanders of China by Fujita Masayoshi, and The Wisdom of the Three Kingdoms by Naoko.

(3) Use the culture of the Three Kingdoms to develop tourism. Baoji has made new gains in developing cultural tourism by using the resources of the old places of the Three Kingdoms.

Zhuge Liang Temple, a famous scenic spot in the Three Kingdoms period, was built in the Tang Dynasty. The temple faces north, towering above the original head, magnificent. Enter the majestic mountain gate, followed by the tall dedication hall, main hall, gossip pavilion and roof beast. There are all kinds of patterns painted on the wall, which is dazzling. On the walls on both sides of the main hall, there are inscriptions on the front and back of the "model" inscribed by Yue Fei, which are composed of 40 bluestones two feet square. The style of writing of the watch is outstanding, the brushwork is bold and vigorous, and the carving skill is superb. It is called the "Three Decisions" Monument.

The backyard is the Berlin Bamboo Garden, and Zhuge Liang's tomb is secluded in Berlin. The exquisite and beautiful falling star pavilion stands in the middle of the backyard, surrounded by stele corridors, and separated by corridors of civilian military commanders on both sides, with a winding path and elegant environment. Literati, literati and ordinary people of all ages wrote inscriptions and erected monuments, leaving many precious ancient cultures and ancient cultural relics here. There are also more than 20 famous ancient relics of the Three Kingdoms in the scenic area, such as Shuzhong military tent site, Jiulong Mountain, Shujun base camp, 13 ancient roads for water intake by Shujun, Zhugequan fountain, Sima Yi altar and Hulu Valley, which is well known to women and children. Since 1983 was officially opened to the outside world, there have been an endless stream of tourists, enjoying a good reputation at home and abroad. 199 1 was named as a provincial-level scenic spot. Now it has become a famous tourist attraction in the west of Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, receiving 6,543.8+0.5 million Chinese and foreign tourists every year.

The ancient plank roads in Fengxian and Taibai counties have become tourist hotspots for people to explore the history of the Three Kingdoms. Up to now, there are 12 stations in Taibai county, including 4 in Ying Ge town, 2 in Zuitou town and 6 in Wangjialeng town. The Yaling Three Kingdoms Cultural Theme Park has also been completed. Visitors can not only enjoy the beautiful natural scenery, but also experience the heroic feelings of the Three Kingdoms era.

In recent years, in caijiapo, Qishan County, Baoji City, a large-scale "water city? The "Three Kingdoms Town" project is rising in Wuzhangyuan. It has become the largest cultural tourism town with the theme of Three Kingdoms in China, and will become a new highlight of Baoji's global tourism and a new benchmark for cultural tourism.

Shuicheng? Taking water as the soul, the towns of the Three Kingdoms connect the surging clouds of the whole Three Kingdoms in series, and combine the Weihe River wetland to create a double-first-floor cultural experience center of the Three Kingdoms, so that tourists can experience a brand-new feeling of being on the spot and blending scenes.

Shuicheng? Relying on the true history and culture of the Three Kingdoms, embracing the unique charm of the Weihe Wetland, and integrating the classic historical allusions of the Three Kingdoms, the project of the Three Kingdoms Town will be built into a cultural tourism town with novel perspectives, diverse ways, a combination of reality and reality, with the cultural experience of the Three Kingdoms as the core and a deep integration of entertainment, performing arts and food.

There are seven sections in the project: Shuicheng, Sanguo Town, Sanguo Hot Spring Resort Hotel, Sanguo Film and Television City, Sanguo Prayer Square, Sanguo Military Museum, Sanguo Farming and Sanguo Entertainment, which can concentrate on experiencing different regional cultures, food, catering and folk customs of the three countries. The total area of Shuicheng Sanguo Town is nearly 8,000 mu (including Weihe Wetland). The first phase of the project under construction is about 150 mu, with a construction area of about 85,000 square meters.