At present, the villa courtyard construction is still in constant development, so it is necessary to discuss and summarize the courtyard design, construction and maintenance management, actively promote its healthy development, and avoid economic losses and time waste. The ultimate goal of Villa courtyard design is to be comfortable, convenient, beautiful, economical and practical according to local conditions.
1 Villa courtyard design Overview
1. 1 concept
A kind of courtyard design is to optimize the design of villa environment through various means of landscape planning and design to meet people's needs in all aspects. It is different from ordinary courtyard design and has higher requirements in all aspects.
1.2 Features of design scope
Scope and requirements of villa courtyard design 1.2. 1. Villa courtyard generally refers to a single-family house or private residential base with beautiful environment for people to live and rest. It consists of living room, dining room, kitchen, study room, bedroom, bathroom, storage room, gym, garage and other parts, which can accommodate the basic contents of daily life and has certain comfort, practicality, flexibility and simplicity. Because people who own villas and private courtyards have different life tastes, personal preferences and economic strength, cultural literacy and leisure and entertainment methods. In order to help owners do a good job in greening and beautifying private courtyards, designers must have a high comprehensive quality.
1.2.2 Particularity. The villa courtyard belongs to the owner's private space, and the owner can do whatever he wants, but he must master the following points: first, it is beautiful, economical and labor-saving, elegant and chic in a narrow space; The second is to consider the matching of drainage slope and drainage facilities; Third, pay attention to fire prevention and theft prevention; Fourth, it is convenient for the owners to live and live.
1.2.3 surrounding plants and public green space. The configuration of surrounding plants should be considered to play a role in separation, such as trees, such as Sophora japonica, elm and Fraxinus mandshurica. Public green space mainly refers to the boundary between private land of each household. At present, simple railings, hedges or bushes are widely used. Plants that are non-toxic, spineless, neat in appearance and resistant to pruning are required, such as water wax, pearl plum, forsythia, etc.
The expansion of 1.2.4 space. Courtyard is a man-made natural space, which is the continuation of the indoor space of the building. In addition to activities in indoor space, people need to breathe fresh air in outdoor space, be comforted by sunshine, enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature, blend in with the natural environment, and feel daily leisure activities such as chatting, walking and entertainment, so that people can relax and rest physically and mentally. This is the main landscape element in the villa courtyard.
2 Basic principles and layout of design
2. 1 Set the highlight focus
The space in the small courtyard is limited, so don't use all the elements of the courtyard on it, it will be messy. In the design, you can set a focus to strengthen the focus, and other elements play a role in setting off. The key point can be an animal sculpture beside the pool, or a group of jars, which should be coordinated with the courtyard style. In principle, there can only be one focus in the same field of vision, because too many focuses will lead to landscape confusion. When setting the focus, the surrounding visual field should be concise to ensure that no scene conflicts with the selected focus.
2.2 Reasonable arrangement of waterscape
When dealing with a narrow courtyard, setting waterscape can effectively increase the visual space of the courtyard, but the premise is that the waterscape should be consistent with the style of the whole courtyard. In the corner or near the wall, the pool can maximize the use of narrow space, while the wall spring and lush background plants can increase the depth of the water feature.
2.3 Use plants as barriers
Relatively small courtyards should be set up properly and artistically when dividing different areas, so that no one will realize their original purpose. An effective barrier is not necessarily a thick barrier. It is impossible to completely block people's sight with a natural tree as a barrier, such as a flower stand or climbing plants as a barrier.
2.4 Coordination of scenery colors
When considering garden plant elements, plant colors should be coordinated, such as the combination of orange, orange, orange and pink tones, which is both unified and coordinated.
3 the choice of courtyard style
There are many styles of quadrangles, and the basic style is generally determined according to the preferences of the owners. Courtyard styles can be divided into two categories: regular and natural; In terms of style, private courtyards can be divided into four schools: Chinese, Japanese, French and English. These four schools have different cultural characteristics and different landscape elements. First, the Chinese villa courtyard has far-reaching artistic conception, and its composition is mainly arc-shaped, which is generally a work of art composed of architecture, landscape and flowers. Second, Japanese style is a miscellaneous wood courtyard and tea hall, which originated from the culture of Qin and Han Dynasties in China, and often blends natural scenery into the courtyard, giving people an elegant and quiet feeling; Thirdly, the courtyards of British and French villas are mainly arranged regularly, designed according to architectural principles, and are an extension of the architectural axis. The buildings in the courtyard are relatively separated from other garden elements.
3. 1 Horticultural conditions
Daylighting, ventilation, soil quality, phenological conditions, area size and the needs of family members are the preconditions for building villa courtyards, while daylighting, ventilation and phenological conditions are the hardware conditions for villa gardens, trees and flowers cultivation. The size of the area and the needs of family members are the main factors limiting the species and collocation of garden plants.
3.2 Layout form
3.2. 1 regular formula. The composition is mostly geometric figures, and the regular villa courtyard is divided into symmetry and asymmetry. Regular symmetrical expression is solemn and generous, giving people a sense of tranquility, stability and order.
3.2.2 Natural form. Design generally does not use structures and materials made of obvious artificial traces. Pursuing design techniques? Although it was made by people, it opened itself? The aesthetic realm of gardening, even if some garden sketch components must be built, should also use natural wood or local stone, local folk masonry. Clever use of some ancient artifacts, as a courtyard landscape, let it blend into the surrounding environment.
3.2.3 Mixed type. Most villa courtyards are mixed buildings, characterized by the nature in the rules and the consideration of the rules in nature. There are three forms of expression: regular composition elements are naturally arranged; Natural elements are arranged in a regular way; Regular hard landscape and natural soft landscape are naturally connected.
4 Design materials and their characteristics
4. 1 seasonal landscape of plants
Garden plants show different seasonal characteristics with the change of seasons, and mastering the application of seasonal changes can enhance the value of the courtyard. Spring is full of flowers, mountains and rivers are full of flowers and vitality; In summer, there are green, dark, fragrant, forest, grass and flowers; In autumn, frosty leaves are like fire, and colorful autumn leaves and fruits are beautiful; Winter is green, the seasons are evergreen and the pines and cypresses are tall and straight. Different seasons are applied to landscape art accordingly, forming a sequential landscape of four seasons succession.
4.2 Plant Landscape
Garden plants, as the main materials to create a beautiful courtyard, should have unique posture, color and charm. Garden plants have different shapes and changes. According to the ecological habits of plants, master gardening skills, reasonable collocation and clear hierarchy. Use landscape composition to decide solitary planting, cluster planting, opposite planting and group planting, and fully display the beauty of individuals and groups of trees, shrubs, flowers and lawns.
4.3 Plant Culture and Artistic Conception Creation
4.3. 1 Landscape Feng Shui. Home is a place where the mind can relax and relax. Using profound plant culture elements, we entrust modern people's seclusion feelings in the courtyard and pray that the construction of villa courtyard conforms to the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Cultivating warm and suitable trees and flowers and placing several pots of meaningful flowers not only adds luster to the villa courtyard, but also achieves the purpose of changing the feng shui of the courtyard, making the owner of the villa courtyard feel elegant, comfortable and safe. It is helpful for family's mood, health, interpersonal communication, career, fortune and happiness. Among many factors that affect the outdoor environment, feng shui landscape design is the most fundamental factor. The geomantic design of small gardens includes the following factors: the geomantic climate of the surrounding environment; Special needs and restrictions of villa owners or developers; Aesthetic tendency of villa owners. The feng shui landscape design of villa garden is to combine these factors perfectly, so that the garden landscape not only meets the needs of the owner, but also ensures the living culture of China? Harmony between man and nature? 、? Seek good fortune and avoid evil? The psychological needs of thought.
4.3.2 Factory layout skills. There should not be too many varieties of plants in the courtyard, but they should be exquisite. The choice of plants should match the overall style of the courtyard, the plant level should be clear, the form should be simple and beautiful, and different plants have different visual feelings in texture and color.
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