The full score of this examination is 120, and the examination time is 90 minutes.
Volume A( 100)
The first part (multiple choice questions, ***40 points)
Possible relative atomic mass: h-1c-12n-14o-16cl-35.5.
1. multiple-choice questions (this question contains 20 small questions, each with 2 points and * * 40 points. There is only one option in each small question.
1. The generic names, chemical names and chemical formulas of the following groups of substances represent the same substance ().
A. hydrated lime, calcium oxide and Cao B. alcohol, ethanol and methanol.
C caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, soda ash, sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate.
2. The following changes are physical changes ()
A. hydrogen is produced from water. B. oxygen is produced from air.
C, preparing quicklime with limestone as raw material D, preparing diamond with graphite as raw material.
3. The experiment that the following devices cannot be used to prove the law of conservation of mass is ()
4. What you think is incorrect is ()
A. The world is made of matter, and matter is made of particles.
B. the nature of a substance depends on its own structure.
C from a macro point of view, matter is sometimes in a relatively static state, but from a micro point of view, it is in an eternal state of motion.
D. In solid matter, particles are stationary.
5. Scientists imagine that there may be antimatter in the universe, a substance composed entirely of antimatter; When matter meets antimatter, it will release huge energy, which is promising in the field of energy research. Positrons, negative protons and so on are antiparticles. Compared with electrons and protons, they have the same mass but opposite electrical properties. Please guess that the structure of antihydrogen atom may be ().
It consists of 1 positively charged proton and 1 negatively charged electron.
B It consists of 1 negatively charged proton and 1 positively charged electron.
It consists of 1 positively charged proton and 1 positively charged electron.
D it consists of 1 negatively charged proton and 1 negatively charged electron.
6. In ancient times, humans mastered the method of drilling wood for fire, as shown in the figure. The reason why drilling wood can make a fire can be explained by the following three sentences:
① The internal energy of wood increases and the temperature rises; (2) reaching the ignition point of the wood, and burning the wood; (3) when drilling wood, overcome friction to do work.
The correct order of these three sentences is ()
A.①②③ B.③①② C.②③① D.①③②
7. A classmate was accidentally stung by a bee during an outing. The stinging liquid of bees is acidic. The following items that students carry with them can be applied to the stinging place to relieve the pain.
A. apple juice (pH about 3) and milk (pH about 6.5)
C. Mineral water (pH about 7) D. Soapy water (pH about 10)
8. In order to prevent accidents in life and production, people often need to take some safety measures. The following practices are not safety measures ()
Fireworks are strictly prohibited near gas stations and flour mills.
B. Do a lighting experiment before entering the long-term unopened vegetable cellar.
C. Turn on the light at night to check the gas leakage.
D it is forbidden for passengers to carry inflammable and explosive articles.
9. The experimental operation and method shown below are correct ()
10. Of the following statements, the correct one is ().
A. substances that do not burn in air must not burn in oxygen.
B. Rusting of steel and spontaneous combustion of white phosphorus are all the results of slow oxidation.
C heating potassium chlorate can't decompose oxygen without using catalyst.
D using this catalyst, potassium chlorate can be decomposed into more oxygen than the theoretical value.
1 1. Judging from the solubility curve on the right, the following statement is incorrect ().
At A. A .℃, the solubility of a is less than that of B.
At℃, the mass fraction of solute in the saturated solution of A and B is equal.
When the saturated solution of A and B is cooled to℃, crystals will precipitate.
D. When A contains a small amount of B, A can be purified by cooling the hot saturated solution for crystallization.
12. Known as the "first branch of spring fruit", the big cherry has become a highlight of Yantai's agricultural economy. In order to prevent big cherries from cracking when they are ripe, fruit farmers often apply potassium fertilizer. This aqueous solution of potassium fertilizer can react with barium chloride solution to form white precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid. Potash fertilizer is ().
A. potassium boron nitrate, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, KCl
13. The next experimental operation can achieve the expected purpose.
① Weigh 5.6g CuO powder with a tray balance; ② Use 10mL water and 10mL alcohol to prepare 20mL alcohol solution; ③ 50g of dilute hydrochloric acid with solute of 10% was heated and 25g of water was evaporated to obtain hydrochloric acid with solute of 20%; ④ Measure 8.2mL of water with 10mL measuring cylinder ().
A.①④ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③
14. Material A satisfying the following transformation relation is ().
A. copper boron copper oxide carbon iron oxide magnesium
15. According to the atomic structure diagram analysis of the following groups of elements: the group with similar chemical properties is ().
16. Iodine in iodized salt exists in the form of IO3- ion. It is known that under acidic conditions, IO3- ion can react with iodine ion (I-) to generate iodine (I2), which can turn starch blue. Provide the following reagents and common substances in life: ① potassium iodide solution (KI = K++I-) ② vinegar ③ sugar ④.
A.①⑤⑥ B.①②③ C.①②⑤ D.②④⑥
17. The dilute solutions of the following groups of substances can be distinguished by the interaction between the dilute solutions of the same group of substances ().
A. sodium carbonate, KCl, nitric acid, sodium sulfate, potassium carbonate, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and barium chloride.
C hydrochloric acid, silver nitrate, nitric acid, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, copper sulfate and sodium chloride
18. A classmate designed the following four experiments to judge the activity of metals A, B and C:
① put metal b into the salt solution of c to see if it can replace C ② put metal b into the acid solution to see if it can replace hydrogen in the acid ③ put metal a into the salt solution of b to see if it can replace B ④ put metal c into the salt solution of a to see if it can replace a.
What do you think you can't do in the above experiment is ()
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
19. The following table lists the common gas volumes that can be adsorbed by activated carbon per cubic centimeter at different temperatures. By analyzing the relationship between the data in the table and the gas composition and properties, you think the following conclusion is correct ().
H2 carbon dioxide oxygen N2 chlorine gas
Boiling point of gas (℃)-252-78-183-196-34.
Adsorption volume (ml) 4.5 97 35 1 1 494
A. When the number of atoms in a gas molecule is large, the gas is easily adsorbed.
B. The lower the boiling point, the easier it is to be adsorbed.
C. when the gas is a compound, it is easily adsorbed.
D. The greater the relative molecular mass of gas, the easier it is to be adsorbed.
20. The number of hydrogen atoms contained in ethanol in alcohol solution is equal to the number of hydrogen atoms contained in water, so the mass fraction of solute in alcohol solution is ().
50% B.25% C.46% D.33.3%
The second part (multiple choice questions, ***60 points)
Possible relative atomic mass: h-1c-12o-16s-32cl-35.5k-39cu-64zn-65.
Fill in the blanks (this question includes 7 small questions, ***28 points)
2 1.(2 points) Gold is a precious metal. In the long history of mankind, it is known as "panning for gold in the sand" and "real gold is not afraid of fire". This shows that gold mainly exists in the form of _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and also shows that the chemical properties of gold are very _ _ _ _ _ _ under natural conditions.
22.(2 points) After the baptism of SARS prevention and control, China citizens' awareness of public health and fitness prevention has generally improved. Peroxyacetic acid is an efficient disinfectant commonly used to prevent SARS. Its chemical molecular formula is CH3COOH, and it is composed of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
23.(3 points) The ozone layer on the surface of the earth's atmosphere can absorb ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance on the earth. Scientists have determined that the relative molecular weight of ozone (a simple substance composed of oxygen) is 48, and the chemical formula of ozone is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
24.(3 points) Smoking is harmful to health. Scientific experiments have proved that at least 300 kinds of compounds in cigarette smoke are harmful to human body to varying degrees. In order to check whether there are CO2 and CO in cigarette smoke, after proper treatment of the smoke, enough reagents are passed through: ① clarified limewater, ② concentrated sulfuric acid, ③ charred black CuO powder, ④ clarified limewater, and ① and ④ become turbid. Try to answer:
(1)① Description of turbidity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) Is there carbon monoxide in the smoke? _ _ _ _ _ The experimental phenomenon on which this judgment is based is _ _ _ _ _.
25.(6 points) Air, water, natural gas, oil, coal and other natural resources have extremely extensive and important uses for human survival, daily life and industrial and agricultural production. Please fill in the blanks with the names of substances corresponding to the following purposes:
(1) commonly used as a solvent is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) can be used as a living fuel, and can be transported through the pipeline for a long distance is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(3) the direct supply of human and animal breathing is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(4) The pipeline gas that can be used for the production and living of urban residents is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(5) is an important chemical raw material and is called "industrial blood" is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(6) can be used to obtain neon is _ _ _ _ _.
26.(8 points) Seen from space, the earth is a beautiful blue planet with rich marine resources. A chemical plant located at the seaside produces according to the following steps: ① Calcining limestone with coal as fuel; (2) changing the generated carbon dioxide into dry ice by pressure cooling; (3) reacting the obtained quicklime with water; (4) introducing seawater into a reaction tank to react hydrated lime with magnesium chloride in seawater to obtain magnesium hydroxide; ⑤ Dissolve magnesium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.
(1) The products of this factory are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Write the chemical equations of the following reactions as required, and point out the basic reaction types:
(1) Calcined limestone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [];
(2) the reaction of quicklime with water _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [];
③ The slaked lime reacts with magnesium chloride _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [];
(4) hydrochloric acid dissolves magnesium hydroxide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [].
27.(4 points) As shown in the figure, the wastewater discharged into the river by two adjacent factories A and B contains two of four substances: CuSO4, NaOH, BaCl2 and FeCl3. When the environmental protection team of a middle school sampled and tested the river water, it was found that the pH value of the river water at A was higher than 7. Try to answer:
(1) In the wastewater discharged from the second factory, there are two kinds of substances that belong to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Please give reasonable suggestions to Factory A and Factory B from the perspective of environmental protection: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________________________________________________________________________.
Third, the experimental questions (this question includes 3 small questions, ***22 points)
28.(5 points) As shown in the figure, put white phosphorus (enough) into a glass container with a graduated piston that can slide left and right. The left pipe of the piston is sealed with air, and the nozzle at the right end is connected with air. The glass container was fixed in a beaker filled with 80℃ hot water (constant temperature) to carry out the experiment. Try to answer:
(1) The observed phenomena during the experiment are: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_____________________________________________________________________________;
(2) The conclusion from this experiment is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_____________________________________________________________________________.
29.( 10) Waste utilization can not only save resources, but also protect the environment. An extracurricular interest group designed dry and pure hydrogen by using the zinc skin in waste dry batteries and the device shown in the figure below, and verified the impurities in the gas.
(1) The substances in equipment A should be _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _.
In addition to zinc plating, there are sucrose solution, salt solution and acetic acid solution (acetic acid is volatile).
(2) In the experiment, the anhydrous copper sulfate in B turns blue, indicating that the generated gas contains impurity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in chemical formula). In addition, the impurity gas may be _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in the name). In order to test impurities, the E device can be connected to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The function of device C is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) Among the following methods for collecting hydrogen, _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in serial number).
A. Upward exhaust method B. Drainage method
C. collect with a dry balloon
30.(7 points) There is a uniform granular zinc-copper alloy WG. A student uses the device shown on the right to determine the mass fraction of zinc and copper in the alloy by measuring the volume of hydrogen produced by the reaction between the alloy and acid. Try to answer the following questions (fill in the corresponding alphanumeric characters in the blanks):
(1) During the experiment, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ should be added to the beaker, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Provide reagents: a. distilled water B. dilute nitric acid C. dilute sulfuric acid D. zinc-copper alloy
(2) Some operations in the experiment are as follows: a. Read out the volume of liquid in the measuring cylinder; B, sequentially adding reagents into a beaker and a jar; D, taking out the test tube; Add reagent to the test tube and put it in the beaker.
The correct operation sequence is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) If the volume of the liquid in the measuring cylinder is VL after the alloy fully reacts with the acid, the missing data is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
A. volume of reagent in beaker before reaction B. mass fraction of reagent in beaker before reaction
C. volume of reagent in jar before experiment D. density of oxygen under experimental conditions
Fourth, the calculation problem (this problem contains 2 small questions, *** 10)
3 1.(4 points) Heat the mixture of 10g potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide until no gas is generated, and the mass is reduced by 2.4g Calculate the mass fraction of potassium chlorate in the original mixture.
32.(6 points) "Yantai Apple" enjoys a good reputation throughout the country. Bordeaux mixture is a common pesticide for fruit trees in Yantai. A fruit grower manages a 5-mu orchard and is going to spray Bordeaux liquid on the fruit trees once. He has 30kg of 8% copper sulfate solution and 10kg of blue alum (CuSO4 5h2o), and he needs 150kg6500kg per mu. (It is known that the mass fraction of CuSO4 in blue alum is 64%)
Volume b (20 volumes in total)
Possible relative atomic mass: h-1c-12o-16s-32fe-56i-127.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Inference question (this question contains 1 small question, with ***4 points)
33.(4 points) A, B, C and D are respectively one of the four solutions of NaNO3, NaOH, HNO3 and Ba(NO3)2. Now, using another solution X, they can be determined one by one by the method shown on the right. Write the chemical formulas of solutes in four solutions: A, B, C and D:
a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _； b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _； c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _； d________。
Six, short answer (this question includes two small questions, ***5 points)
34.(2 points) Common iron ores are magnetite (mainly Fe3O4), hematite (mainly Fe2O3), limonite (mainly Fe2O3 3H2O), siderite (mainly FeCO3) and pyrite (mainly FeS2). Where _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
___________________________________.
35.(3 points) Put two metals A and B with equal mass into dilute hydrochloric acid with the same mass fraction of two solutes. The relationship between the mass produced by the reaction and the reaction time is shown in the figure. According to the information provided in the picture, write the correct conclusion that can be drawn from it. (It is known that both A and B are +2 valence in the product. )
Vii. Experimental questions (this question contains 1 small questions, with ***6 points)
36.(6 points) Pure caustic soda contains impurities because it is exposed to the air. Now take a small amount of this sample, please design an experimental scheme: it can not only prove that the sample contains the above impurities, but also remove the impurities to get pure caustic soda.
Experimental steps, conclusions of experimental phenomena and chemical reaction equations
Eight, calculation problem (this problem includes 1 small question, ***5 points)
37.(5 points) Sulfur dioxide is one of the air pollutants. The highest concentration of sulfur dioxide in air (the mass of sulfur dioxide contained in air per unit volume) in China ambient air quality standard is shown in the following table:
Concentration limit (mg/m3)
Primary standard, secondary standard and tertiary standard.
0. 15 0.50 0.70
In order to determine the content of sulfur dioxide in the air of a certain place, the environmental protection team of a middle school conducted the following experiments according to the experimental device shown in the figure below: add a certain amount of iodine solution containing iodine (I2) 1.27mg into the test tube, then add 2-3 drops of starch solution (starch turns blue when it meets I2), and draw air through the air extractor, so that the air can enter the test tube from the airway and fully contact with the iodine solution. When the solution changed from blue to colorless, the reaction was complete. The chemical equation of the reaction is: SO2+I2+2h2o = H2SO4+2hi. The total volume of air entering the test tube during the experiment is 1000 liter ... Please judge the concentration level of sulfur dioxide in this air by calculation.
Reference answer
1.D 2。 B 3。 C 4 explosive D 5。 B 6。 B 7。 D 8。 C 9。 A 10。 B 1 1。 C
12.C 13。 A 14。 B 15。 A 16。 C 17。 B 18。 B 19。 D 20。 C
2 1.
22. III.76
23.O3 2∶3 3∶2
24.( 1) Smoke contains carbon dioxide; (2) It becomes turbid when it exists.
25.( 1) water (2) natural gas (3) air (4) coal (5) oil (6) air
26.( 1) dry ice and magnesium chloride
(2) ① Decomposition reaction of CaCO3 with Cao and CO2 at high temperature ↑.
② Chemical reaction of Cao+H2O = Ca (OH) 2
③Ca(OH)2+MgCl2 = CaCl2+ double decomposition reaction.
④Mg(OH)2+2HCl = MgCl2+2H2O double decomposition reaction.
27.( 1) FeCl _ 3 and CuSO _ 4 (2) jointly set up a sewage treatment plant to mix and precipitate the wastewater from the two plants, and then discharge it after necessary process treatment; Factory A and Factory B respectively use necessary reagents and processes to purify the wastewater and then discharge it.
28.( 1) white phosphorus burns, producing white smoke; The piston moves to the right first, then to the left, and finally stops at scale 4. (3 points) (2) One of the conditions of combustion is that combustible materials reach the ignition point; The volume of oxygen accounts for about 1/5(2 points) of the air volume.
29.( 1 minute per grid) (1) Zinc peel acetic acid solution (2)H2O acetic acid B and C purple litmus test solution turn red (3) Remove acetic acid (4)C from the gas.
30.( 1) (each space 1 minute) C D A (2 points) C, B, D, A (2 points) (3)D(2 points)
3 1. solution: let the mass of potassium chlorate in the original mixture be x.
2kclo3 2kcl+3o2 write (1)
245 96
x 2.4g
245: 96 = x: 2.4g x = 6. 125g (2 points).
× 100% = 6 1.25% ( 1)
A: The mass fraction of potassium chlorate in the original mixture is 6 1.25%.
32. Solution: The quality of copper sulfate contained in existing drugs is as follows:
30kg× 8% ×8%+ 10/0kg× 64% = 8.8kg (2 points)
The quality of copper sulfate required for 5 mu orchard is:
150kg×1%× 5 = 7.5kg (2 points)
Because 8.8 kg > 7.5 kg
Therefore, the existing copper sulfate medicine of this fruit farmer can meet the needs. (2 points)
33.a: sodium hydroxide B: sodium nitrite C: barium (nitric acid) 2 d: nitric acid
34.( 1 minute per space) Magnetite and hematite have high iron percentage and few harmful elements.
35.① The quality of generated H2 is a > b；; ② relative atomic mass b > a；; ③ reaction rate a > b；; (4) In the metal activity sequence table, both A and B are in front of hydrogen; ..... (just answer three points correctly).
36.
Experimental steps, experimental phenomena, conclusions and chemical equations
(1) Put the sample of caustic soda into a test tube, add water to shake the sample to dissolve it, and the solid caustic soda heated on the wall of the test tube dissolves in water to release heat (2 points).
(2) Add clear limewater to the above solution drop by drop until no white precipitate is generated, and generate Ca (OH) 2+Na2CO3 = CaCO3+2NaOH (2 points).
(3) filtering, and then evaporating the filtrate to separate out a white solid to obtain pure sodium hydroxide (2 points)
37. solution: let the mass of sulfur dioxide participating in the reaction be x.
SO2+I2+2H2O = H2SO4+2HI ( 1)
64 254
X 1.27 mg
64 ∶ 254 = x ∶ 1.27 mg x = 0.32 mg (2 points)
The concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air is (1).
As 0.15mg/m3 < 0.32mg/m3< 0.5mg/m3.
Therefore, the concentration level of sulfur dioxide in the air is Grade II (2 points).
Shandong Taian Middle School Entrance Examination
chemistry
This test is ***6 pages, with a full score of 50. Physical chemistry examination, examination time 120 minutes.
Relative atomic mass: h-1c-12n-14o-16p-31s-32c1-35.5k-39ca-40mn-.
1. Multiple choice questions (this question contains 10 questions, 1 each question 1 minute, 6 6- 10/minute, 2 points for each question, and * * *1minute for each question. There is only one option for each question, please fill in the corresponding box below).
1. People divide food into green food, blue food and white food. Green food is the food transformed by green plants through photosynthesis; Blue food is the food provided by the ocean; White food is a food fermented by microorganisms. The following belong to white food ()
A. vegetable oil B. flour C. kelp D. vinegar
2.1In August, 993, scientists in China used the ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope to remove atoms from the surface of a piece of crystalline silicon (Si) through the action of a probe, and wrote the word "China". The following statement is incorrect ().
A. the above operations have undergone chemical changes.
B. only physical changes have occurred in the above operations.
C these two Chinese characters are the smallest Chinese characters in the world at present.
D this marks that China's science has entered the stage of manipulating atoms.
3. The following statement is true ()
A. Combustion, spontaneous combustion and slow oxidation are all oxidation reactions.
B. crystalline hydrate belongs to mixture.
C.KCl can be separated by filtration.
D. The product quality increases after magnesium belt combustion, which does not conform to the law of conservation of mass.
4. Among the two concepts in the following groups, the latter includes the former ()
A. inorganic organic matter B. oxide acid oxide
C. Oxyacids D. Simple compounds
5. Charcoal, copper oxide and iron powder are all black powders, and the most ideal reagent for identifying them is the following ().
A. copper sulfate solution B. water C. dilute sulfuric acid D. sodium hydroxide solution
6. The following statement is true ()
A. Hydrogen peroxide (chemical formula) consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
B at the same temperature, the saturated solution of the same substance must be thicker than the unsaturated solution.
C. The reaction with simple materials must be a displacement reaction.
The number of protons in the nucleus must be equal to the number of neutrons.
7. The experimental device and operation shown below are correct ().
8. A new type of green battery fuel cell is a kind of "green" power station in 2 1 century, which is directly oxidized by continuous input of fuels such as carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide and air. The reason why these three gases can be used as fuel is ().
A. They are all non-toxic and harmless gases. They can burn and give off a lot of heat.
C. the products of combustion are carbon dioxide and water. They are abundant in nature.
9. China won the right to host the 29th Summer Olympic Games in 2008. In order to show a new image to the world, some students in a school put forward the following suggestions: ① Develop new energy sources and reduce the burning of fossil fuels; ② Develop and produce mercury-free batteries; ③ Garbage sorting and recycling; ④ Advocating the use of disposable foamed plastic tableware and plastic bags; ⑤ Advocating the use of handkerchiefs and reducing the use of napkins; ⑥ advocate not using phosphorus-containing washing powder; ⑦ Control the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. What do you think can be adopted is ()
A.①②③④⑥⑦ B.②③④⑤⑥⑦
C.12356 ⑥ d. All
10. The following statement is true ()
A. It is reasonable to remove the deteriorated caustic soda solution and add dilute hydrochloric acid.
B it is not allowed to use iron containers to prepare pesticide-bordeaux mixture.
C. The active sequence of zinc and copper can be directly determined by using zinc, copper and solution.
D. Drinking a lot of carbonated drinks will increase the pH of human blood for a period of time.
Second, (this question contains 6 small questions, *** 16 points)
1 1.(3 points) The "Taishan" in Kunming World Expo Park and Qilu Garden in Shandong Province is granite (which does not react with acid), and a small amount is supplemented by limestone in Shilin, Yunnan. If you please identify these two kinds of stones, the method is to add _ _ _ _ _ to the stone samples respectively.
12.(3 points) It is known that the symbol of iodine is I, and its atomic structure is as follows: Please fill in the blanks according to your knowledge:
The value of (1)X is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) The chemical properties of iodine are most similar to the following elements? _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in the serial number);
(3) Adding proper amount of salt can effectively prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Its name is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
13.(3 points) The figure shows the solubility curves of three solid substances A, B and C. Please answer the following questions according to the figure:
At (1)℃, the substance with the greatest solubility is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in serial number);
(2) At℃, the mass fraction of the saturated solution of substance A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(3) To obtain the crystal of substance B from the saturated solution of substance B, the method of evaporating solvent is generally adopted, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
14.(3 points) As we all know, water-insoluble alkali is easy to decompose when heated. For example, there is a transformation relationship between five substances:. A, b, c, d and e as shown in the following figure:
Please fill in the following blanks:
(1) Chemical formula of substance A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) The chemical reaction type of reaction ① is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
The chemical equation of reaction ② is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
15.(2 points) On June 65438+February 13, 2002, a large truck loaded with arsenic in Guangxi slipped into the river due to a car accident, causing 7.0× kg of arsenic to be scattered into the river.
The main component of arsenic is highly toxic, and its lethal dose is 0. 1g, which can be used to make pesticides and rodenticides. It is an acidic oxide, colorless crystals sublimate at 193℃ and are slightly soluble in water. Salts corresponding to their acids are also toxic, among which salts corresponding to alkali metals (Na, K, etc.) are toxic. ) is soluble in water, and salts corresponding to other metals are almost insoluble in water.
After the incident, the local government immediately took relevant emergency measures, one of which was to throw 5.0× kg of white solid into the river. As a result of effective measures, no one was poisoned or died.
Please solve the following problems according to your knowledge and relevant information:
The valence state of As element in (1) is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) From the perspective of economy, availability and practicality, do you think that 5.0× kg white solid is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
16.(2 points) Environmental protection is attracting more and more attention. In order to ensure that the urban environment is not polluted, our city decided to move a chemical plant to the suburbs. The picture shows the map of the area to be developed in our city: the river runs from west to east, the climate is dry, and the northwest wind often blows. There are 1 ~ 5 locations to choose from. If you are the decision maker, please choose a reasonable location and briefly explain the reasons.
Three. (This question contains two small questions, *** 1 1)
17.(5 points) A classmate conducted an identification experiment on a colorless solution according to the following steps. Please fill in the corresponding experimental conclusions according to the steps and phenomena in his experimental report (the solution only contains one solute).
Experimental steps, experimental phenomena and experimental conclusions
(1) Take a little of this solution and add a few drops of phenolphthalein test solution. The solution has no color change. The solution must not display _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Take a little of this solution, add zinc particles, and put the burning wood strips at the mouth of the test tube. There is a colorless gas released, which can burn and the flame is light blue. The gas produced is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Explain that the solute in this solution belongs to _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) Take a little more of this solution, add dilute hydrochloric acid, and then add an appropriate amount of solution. There is no obvious phenomenon when hydrochloric acid is added, and white precipitate is produced after adding solution. White precipitate is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Explain that the original solution is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ solution.
18.(6 points) There was something wrong with the wires in Xiao Qiang's house at night. Several lights are flickering, flickering. Dad said there must be a bad connection in the circuit. He gently unplugged the wires under the eaves with a dry wooden stick, and it took several twists and turns to return to normal.
The next day, Xiao Qiang helped the electrician find the line fault. They checked every part of the wire until they checked the interface between copper wire and aluminum wire. They found it covered with gray and green powder. The master said: "The interface between aluminum and copper is easy to rust, and the problem often lies in these places." Xiao Qiang took the teacher's words with a grain of salt and checked them again. This is indeed the interface between aluminum and copper. Is it easy to rust only at the aluminum-copper interface? Are the joints of different metals easy to rust?
Xiao Qiang wants to understand these problems through experiments. He found copper wire, aluminum wire, iron wire and zinc strip, trying to imitate natural conditions and studying the corrosion of conductor interface for a long time.
Please work with Xiao Qiang to complete the following questions:
(1) How to design this experiment? Please write down the experimental steps and operation methods.
(2) Through several months' observation, it is concluded that "as long as different metals are connected, they are more compatible than the same metal."
Easy to rust "conclusion, then the phenomenon of the experiment designed above in a few months should be:
(3) In order to avoid power failure in Xiao Qiang, please make suggestions to the electrician when installing civil lines.
(4) Are there any similar phenomena in the articles you come into contact with in your study and life (just give an example)? Do you have any suggestions to prevent this corrosion?
Iv. (This question includes 2 minor questions, with ***8 points)
19.(3 points) Xiao Ming's responsibility