The origin of football in modern life, there is no more exciting sport than football. Football has a long history. As early as in ancient Greece, there was a game similar to handball today. Later the Romans developed on this basis. As Rome conquered Europe for hundreds of years, the sport spread widely in the British Isles. At that time, there was already a competition between the Romans and the English natives. It is said that the ball used at that time was the head of a prisoner of war. In the future, the bladder of livestock will be used to make balls. This kind of ball has certain elasticity, and it can be shot and kicked. Often, many people kick at a certain goal. At that time, the game was rough and some contestants were seriously injured, so they were banned. However, with the passage of time, football has become more and more common, and there are various rules all over England. Although it has become a fact, several generations of British kings have banned playing football for fear that young people will be invaded by foreign countries if they don't concentrate on practicing martial arts. By the end of Queen Elizabeth, the football match could already enter the room. There are often spectacular games to entertain people during festivals. 1602 held a big competition in Cornwall. The goals of the two sides are three or four miles apart, and the parishes compete with each other, sweeping the whole area. In the next 200 years, the British Isles held competitions with different rules. At that time, no one planned to unify the rules, nor did they organize local teams. At that time, the game was quite rough and intense. Some players deliberately kick each other's calves instead of kicking, which is no different from fighting. 1823165438+1October 2 1, a historic event that changed the whole world football. On this day, a group of students are playing football on the playground. A boy named wilhelm weber Ellis 15 years old ran with the ball in the middle of the game. This simple and common action actually divides the football world into two parts: those who walk with the ball in their hands are allowed to become football, those who kick with their feet and those who raise their heads are allowed to become football. After that, some football enthusiasts held a meeting in a hotel in London to draft the Football Association's articles of association, including a clear stipulation that it is forbidden to walk with the ball in hand. Rugby leagues that allow walking with the ball in hand were not established until 187 1. 1863101On October 26th, the British Football Association held a very important meeting in the history of modern English football. The return of the competition was drafted, but some terms are far from today's rules. For example, there was a rule at that time: when the ball entered the space between goalposts or crossed the space above, no matter how high it was, as long as it was not thrown, hit or transported by hand, it was considered as winning. At that time, the position and formation of players were also different from today's: each team had a goalkeeper, a defender, a former player and eight forwards. Soon after the rules were made, the formation changed: one goalkeeper, two defenders, three avant-garde and five forwards. At first, only one hand was used to throw the foul ball, but some players could skillfully throw the ball into the goal 40 to 50 yards away, so the rules changed again and they had to throw the foul ball with both hands. The original goal was also different from today. 1883' s goal crossbar is still pulling a rope. Because the rope is thin, it is difficult to judge whether some balls pass from above or below. The net was not laid until 1890. As for the scale of the stadium, it is also different from today's 1890. The area of the stadium is 200 yards X 100 yards or 100 yards X50 yards, and there are 200 yards X50 yards. The current site regulations are: the maximum allowable length is 130 yards, the minimum length is 100 yards, and the width is 100 yards to 50 yards. At that time, each team had an assistant referee and a referee as "law enforcement officers". It was not until 189 1 that neutral referees appeared in the present sense-one referee and two linesmen. Early teams were made up of amateurs, while modern football has professional players, who play football as their profession.

Xu Shen's Shuo Wen said: "You can stumble, but you can crawl." . It sounds from the feet. "Xuan Yingyun said:" Say, you can kick, you can kick with your feet. Shuowen also said, "Bow, kick your bow. From leather, buzz. Liu Xiang said to Belu, "Those who bow are said to have been made by the Yellow Emperor. Or, during the Warring States period. Kick the bow and the soldiers will be in danger. Therefore, practicing samurai, knowing each other's knowledge, is all because of playing and practicing. "Twenty-five of the thirteen military skills in the history of the Han Dynasty were' bows'. Guo Pu noted three clouds: "Maowan can play, and a performer can bow. "

Playing football was called "Cuju" or "Cuju" in ancient China literature. Yang Xiong's "My Eyes" Volume 2: Or ask: "Gong Sunlong's tens of thousands of words sophistry thinks that the law is the law?" He said, "Breaking wood is a chess game, and folding skin is a bow. There are ways. Those who do not conform to the law of the former king are also the law of the gentleman. " Note: the master must teach others according to the rules; The training of gentlemen is also based on benevolence and righteousness.

In the Southern Dynasties, Gu Liang Wang Ye's Jade Piece Foot contained: "Hey, it's also a trip; This is the same. Guang Yun written by Chen Pengnian in the Song Dynasty said, "Let's go, let's go. Hey hey hey hey hey hey hey hey hey hey. " Du Fu's Poem Rhyme Collection, etc. Statement: "Step on your feet. Hey, Shuowen: Hey. "

In the Selected Works of Zhaoming, there is a sentence in Cao Zhi's Famous Capital, in which Shan Li quoted Guo Pu Sanzang as saying: "Bow, shoot pills, you can play a song." A hairball is a hairball kicked with your feet.

According to Ci Yuan, Ci Hai and Chinese Dictionary, Cuju is also called Cuju, Taju and Taju. As for the word "kick", Mencius told the son: "Kick it, beggars despise it." Zhao Qi's note: "Kick, kick." Kick, too Tang Qiren (Linzi) Duan Shicheng's History of Youyang Miscellaneous Pots: "(Someone) slaps the door and asks for it, and he can't be angry because he stumbles his family." Kick, kick; Bow, also for kicking, ball also.

The ancient cuju movement in China was first seen in written documents and classics, namely "The Warring States Policy" and Sima Qian's "Historical Records".

According to Qi Ce in the Warring States Policy, Su Qin joined forces with Qi to fight against Qin, and sent an envoy to Qi, saying, "Qi has Mount Tai in the south, evil spirits in the east, Qinghe in the west and Bohai in the north. This is the so-called four-blockade country. The place of Qi is 2000 Li, with hundreds of thousands of armor, but the millet is like a hill. Good car, five soldiers, disease like a cone, war like lightning, solution like wind and rain, that is, military service, never traveled all over Mount Tai, Qingjiang and Bohai. Of the 70,000 households in Linzi, I stole them, and three people, 3.72 million, died in Linzi, 210,000 before Yuan Xian. Linzi is very rich and practical. Its people are all people who blow, drum, build, play the piano, fight cocks, walk dogs, play six blogs and bow. On the way to Linzi, the car hub hit, people jostled shoulder to shoulder, and they became curtains, and they became curtains, sweating like rain; Rich family, ambitious. The husband is a good king and strong, and the world can't do it. Today, the west is a matter of Qin, and I am ashamed of it. " It can be seen that Cuju was widely played in Linzi, the State of Qi, 2300 years ago (365,438+09 BC-3065,438+0 BC).

According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Su Qin, there are similar records. In order to unite Qi against Qin, Su Qin sent envoys to Linzi and Qi. He said to him: Qi is a big country with a superior geographical position, a land of two thousand miles and hundreds of thousands of troops. There are 70,000 households in Linzi alone, and the people are rich and well-off. They are all "playing the piano, playing the piano, fighting cocks." How can such a rich and powerful country obey Qin? The Collection of Historical Records quoted Liu Xiang in Bielu as saying: "You have to stumble and bow down to the knees before you can practice samurai and be talented, because you are fun."

The prosperity of Qiguo Cuju is closely related to its prosperous economy, rich ideology and culture, advanced science and technology and martial social fashion. Most kings of Qi like hunting, practicing martial arts and fighting. Qi was the country with the largest number of politicians, thinkers, economists, militarists and military theorists in the pre-Qin period. Qi's military science is the most developed, and it is said that "Qi's military science is the best in the world". During the period of Qi Huangong and Guanzhong, it was also a powerful country, which ruled the vassals on the basis of military conquest. By the Warring States period, the Qi army was famous for its strength in Mazhuang and its bravery.

It can be seen that ancient cuju is the earliest martial arts play in the army, similar to today's football. According to "Historical Records Biography of General Wei's title of generals in ancient times", it is said that "crossing the border leads to frustration." Suo Yin-yun said, "Playing with the skin as the key link, actually with the hair as the key link, is also a play." Tang Yan Shigu said in "History of Han Dynasty, Art and Literature, Art and Literature": "Bows are leather, stuffed with wool in the middle, made into balls, and kicked for fun." Liu Han said to Belu, "It is said that cuju was made by the Yellow Emperor, or it began in the Warring States Period. When you are squatting, your military situation is also good, so you know how to talk about martial arts. "

Biography of Historical Records of Cang Gong contains: "Tai Cang Gong, Qi Tai Cang Chang, a native of Linzi, surnamed Chunyu. ..... The male passenger on Sakhalin Island in Anling is ill, so I want to feel my pulse and say' male hernia'. " I mean,' Be careful not to work for the sake of toil, if you work for the sake of toil, you will vomit blood and die.' If you stumble in the back, you will feel cold and sweat too much, that is, vomiting blood. I want to go back to the clinic and say, "Dan will die every day." "Zhang Shoujie's Justice": "It means playing ball." This shows the superb medical skill of Chunyu Kun, a famous doctor in Qi State, and also shows the violent action of kicking. Xiangchu is obsessed with Tuotuo and suffers from "inguinal hernia", so it is not suitable for Tuotuo sports. He died because he didn't listen to Chunyu Kun's doctor's advice.

As can be seen from the above, cuju, in the Warring States Policy Qi Ce Yi, is "kicking"; Make a "bow" in historical records; In The Biography of Han Weiqing and Huo Qubing, he made a bow. According to the Records of Military Strategists in the History of Han Dynasty, there are 25 "lifts", which makes them "lifts". The son of Mei Cheng wrote in The Twenty-first Biography of Jia Zoumei Road in Han Dynasty: "Hunting and shooting, controlling dogs and horses, carving and cuju, you have feelings for the world and need to give them." The biography of Ji Liang in the later Han Dynasty says: "(Ji) is addicted to alcohol and can ... play six blogs and cuju" and so on, all of which are cuju.

Second, the prosperity of Cuju in Han and Tang Dynasties

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, both nobles and civilians loved cuju. According to Huan Kuan's "On Salt and Iron, Pricking the Right", the Western Han Dynasty has a long history, and the rich and powerful people take pleasure in "fishing deeply, releasing dogs, making great efforts to govern and fighting cocks"; The common people are also "vulgar, where there is land, rich people rush, and poor people squat" ("Salt and Iron on National Diseases"), which is enough to illustrate the universality of Cuju movement.

According to Hanshu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty often held cockfighting and cuju competitions in the palace, and there was a so-called "chicken bow meeting". Dong Xian, the favorite of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, also kept a "Juke" who could play football at home. There are images of Cuju in Han Dynasty stone reliefs in Qufu, Shandong, Nanyang, Henan and Suide, Shaanxi. It can be seen that during the Western Han Dynasty, the social level of football activities was further expanded.

Han Gehong (also known as Liu Xin)' Miscellanies of Xijing' Volume II: "The Emperor Tai Shang moved to Chang 'an and lived in the deep palace, unhappy. Gaozu secretly asked why. He took life as his hobby, killing teenagers, selling wine and cakes, and fighting cocks for fun. Not now, so he is unhappy. "Visible emperor's father likes to stumble. Volume 2 also said: "When an emperor is good at exerting himself, his ministers regard it as a labor body, which is not suitable for the supreme. The emperor said: If I am good at it, I can choose those who like it but don't work. Jia Jun is attentive to playing chess. Emperor Da Yue. Give the green lamb and purple silk shoes and go on a pilgrimage. "

Wu Jun of Nanliang also mentioned Linzi's cuju activities in the fourth song of "Four Generals in Border Town": "Linzi uses heavy soldiers and Qucheng is easy to attack. Don't be famous after death, be wise in front of you. You see, the class is far-reaching, and the achievements are not correct. Draw two flags and ride on both sides. But if you ask whether you know each other, there is no danger of life and death. "

In the Tang Dynasty, with the development of social productive forces, the technology of football production also improved. The ball-making technology in the Tang Dynasty has been developed.

Great progress. A "balloon" appeared, which turned a spherical shell made of two pieces of leather into a round spherical shell sewn with eight pointed leather, and the shape was more rounded; The original "bow" was made of eight pieces of leather, and the animal's bladder was placed inside as an airbag. Because it is very laborious, it was changed to "slap". Wang Ming Yuncheng's "Cuju Atlas" once introduced the "clapping method": "Clapping hands also adds gas. Although things are easy, they are actually very difficult. You shouldn't be too firm. If you are firm, you will be healthy. If you are impetuous, you will damage your strength. It can't be too wide. If it is wide, the healthy color will be empty and it can't be done. It takes nine points of concentration, which is moderate. " Healthy color refers to the ball, and hitting the ball is to inflate the ball with a blow box. Explain that the pressure of the ball was regulated at that time. But the volume of the ball is not recorded. Switching to "balloon" is beneficial to prancing and can increase the excitement of the game. Balloon is also China's first invention in the world. According to the world sports history, Britain invented inflatable balls in the Song Dynasty in the 1 1 century, which was three or four hundred years later than the Tang Dynasty in China.

The improvement of the sphere has brought about changes in the methods and techniques of cuju. In the Han dynasty, because the ball was full of hair, it was impossible.

Kick high, so the goal is built on the spot. That's what the so-called "penetrating the ground into the arch room" means. In the Tang Dynasty, the ball was very light and could be kicked very high, so the goal was inserted into the ground with two bamboo poles up to dozens of feet, and the net was placed on it, which looked like a "door" to prevent the ball from flying far outside the door. Call it "netting the ball for the door." In the way of playing football, in the Han Dynasty, teams directly confronted each other, "isolated and detached, dressed like elephants and guarding soldiers". Physical contact between players on both sides is like fighting. The team competition in the Tang Dynasty is not a direct confrontation, but a goal in the middle. Both sides are on one side, and the "more times win" with the ball.

Ma Duanlin's "Literature General Examination" at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty briefly explained this: "Cuqiu Gai began in Tang Dynasty, and two bamboo plants were planted several feet high, and the net was wound to measure the ball." The two teams attack and defend by kicking, and judges enforce the law. According to Wang Ming Yuncheng Cuju Atlas, in the section of "Shooting Rules", it is determined by the number of balls shot into the goal. In this book, there are two deputy referees, namely "all deploy corrections" and "Du Si". Li You's Cheng Juming also contains referee principles, such as "Don't be intimate, don't be selfish, be calm, and don't complain about right and wrong". It is pointed out that the referee should put aside the relationship between relatives and friends, be impartial and make a fair and clear judgment. However, the rules of the game have not been handed down, and can only be inferred from some written records describing the game scenes.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were four ways to play Cuju: one was "playing with a bow", which was a game without a goal ("playing in the playground" mode). There is no limit to the number of players, and each player can kick alone. All parts of the body can touch the ball instead of two feet. The side that touches the ball continuously without landing wins. Followed by "white play", that is, players play cuju games for nothing. The net is hung in the middle of the game, but two people kick each other or many people kick each other, and women participate. Third, in order to "jump the bow", we don't need a net or a goal, but chase each other. Whoever plays more and more times will win. Fourth, in order to set up a goal game, two rows of goals are set in the center of the field, about three feet high. There are 7 players in each team, and it is stipulated that they can only play from their own positions, and they are not allowed to run and change positions. The "ball head" of one team threw and kicked the ball over the door, and the players of the other team caught the ball in the prescribed posture. If the ball can kick back over the door, it is victory, and the two sides alternate.

The ball is light, without fierce competition and running. Women's Cuju activities began in the Tang Dynasty. The kicking method of women's cuju does not use the goal, but it can kick high and play tricks, commonly known as "white kicking".

Wang Tangjian has a poem "Gong Ci", which describes the day of cold food in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and geisha in Yichun Academy took pleasure in playing cuju. Every year, during the Cold Food Festival, there is a custom of smoking and eating cold food from the folk to the palace, and we have to go out for an outing or participate in some cultural and sports activities to eliminate the stagnation of eating cold food.

Wei's poem "Cold Food in the East of the City" describes the custom of cuju in the Cold Food Festival: "Qingxi wears peaches and plums, and plays with plum and angelica dahurica. There are only a few families by the stream, and most of the fallen flowers float eastward. Kick the ball higher than the bird and fly out of the green poplar forest with a wave of his hand. Teenagers don't have to be clear when they travel every day. " The superb kicking skills written in the poem can play all kinds of tricks, and men can't help showing off their skills at this time: "Kicking the bird over repeatedly" shows the height of kicking the ball; Girls, on the other hand, dress up in fashion and swing around in weeping willows. "Swing matches weeping willows" attracts the attention of many teenagers like flying fairies. Du Fu's poem Qingming also said: "Cuju is ten years away, and Wan Li's swinging customs are the same". It shows that there are customs of cuju activities all over China.

Cuju is very popular not only among the people, but also in the palace. Forty-six days of Tang Li Bai's "Fifty-nine Ancient Styles" said: "In the Golden Hall of Cockfighting, you will fall on the edge of Yaotai." Wang Jian also said in "Gong Ci": "On the two floors in front of the temple, the cold food palace people play ball." Wei Zhuang's poem "Chang 'an Tomb-Sweeping Day" said: "The Qingming fire was set off at the beginning of the inner palace, and the upper phase was given spare money", all of which were written about the cuju activities in the palace and were rewarded for it.

Tang Wei Wu Ying's poem "Writing about the North Tower after Cold Food" said: "Listening to drums in the distance makes the cuju army happy", and then he wrote about the cuju movement in the army. This shows that in the Tang Dynasty, there were cuju activities not only in the folk and the palace, but also in the army.

This movement and custom began in Linzi, the capital of Qi State, flourished in Han and Tang Dynasties, and continued until Song and Yuan Dynasties. Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also described the grand occasion of cuju in his poem "Spring Festival Evening Pavilion": "There are 100,000 cold dishes in Liangzhou, and the swing cuju is still luxurious." In addition, the poem "Feeling the Old and Thinking about the Last Chapter" also includes: "The road into Liangzhou seems flat, and you can ride the Qingming with cuju".

In the Tang Dynasty, women not only had cuju, but also had excellent skills. According to Tang Kang's Notes on Opera, Wang Chao, a small official of Jingzhao Mansion, walked through Shengyefang North Street in Chang 'an one day. "It was the beginning of the spring rain. I saw a girl of sixteen or seventeen under the locust tree by the roadside, dressed in rags and clogs. She was a teenager in the army." Wearing clogs, this "three-legged woman" can catch the ball missed by a young soldier in the army, and she kicked the ball several feet high with one foot. What a high technical level! This shows that the popularity of Cuju activities in the Tang Dynasty is one of the highlights.

Third, the development of Cuju in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

Yuan Xiao, the elder of Song Mengyuan (Dream of Tokyo, Volume 6) said: "On the fifteenth day of the first month (Lantern Festival), before the New Year's Eve on the winter solstice, a tent was set up on the mountain of Kaifeng, opposite the Xuande Building. Tourists gathered under two corridors of Imperial Street. Stunt skills, singing and dancing, winding scales, noisy music for more than ten miles, tripping over pills and stepping on the pole. "

"History of Song Dynasty Chronicle 34": "In September, Ding Youshuo had food every day. Since the sea, it has been ordered to build a pond bank damaged by the tide. Xin Chou, you can't sacrifice the following festivals. Geng Xu ordered the ceremony officer to decide to open the treasure, politics and sacrificial ceremonies. At noon, read it in Zede Hall. "

Song Zimu's Dream and Liang Lu contains "Hundred Performances", in which it says "Hundred Performances Kick Home, ... One hundred performances in the suburbs of Tang Ming every year, ... making flowers and balls".

In the Southern Song Dynasty, "Four Thousand Commandments" (Zhou Mi) and "The Legend of Wulin" Volume III: "Traveling to the West Lake" mentioned geisha such as "... Hua Dan and Cuju". "Releasing spring" means "shooting stacks with poles, swinging, shuttering, cockfighting and cuju to entertain tourists".

The Music Department also lists the division of labor and the list of the two teams in the "Thirty-two Man-made Ball" competition: "Sixteen people: Zhang Jun, head Wang Lian, Zhu Xuantou, Shi Ze, Zuoji Net, Ding Quan, Youji Net, Zhang Lin, Chun Hu, etc. ; Sixteen members of the right army: Li Zheng of Marukou, Zhu Zhen of Zhu Xuan, Zhang Ning of the left net, Bin Xu of the right net, Wang Yong of the scattered position, etc.

Old Wulin Stories Volume 6: Various Geisha Artists also lists the names of Cuju players: Huang Ruyi, Fan, Zhang Ming and Cai Run. All this and so on, which shows its prosperity.

In the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, folk Cuju clubs were gradually established, such as Yun Qi Club and Yuan Club in the Song Dynasty, and women also participated in Cuju competitions.

In the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were also works devoted to the study of cuju skills, such as Lin Yutang by Chen in the Southern Song Dynasty, Stage Model by Anonymous, and Cuju Atlas by Ming and Wang Yuncheng. Wang Yuncheng's Cuju Atlas (one volume) records the popular Cuju methods in Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Section 22: Goal shooting rules, goal discovery, goal number, end formula, one-person field household, two-person field household, three-person field household, healthy color name, kicking color, hitting formula, lower intercept, middle intercept, upper intercept, complete set of solutions, sitting on the ground, no kick formula, side kick formula and sampling kick formula. Among them, the content of "shooting rules" is basically the same as that contained in Chen's "Shilin Guangji" in the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to study the important documents of ancient Cuju in China. Income Wan Wei Shantang "Say Money" series.

In addition, in the Ming Dynasty, there was a night show of cuju with "ten thousand silver balls of light". In the Qing dynasty, cuju was changed to ice competition, and so on.

In the Yuan Dynasty's zaju and Sanqu, there are many descriptions of Cuju activities: "Look at the trip of Wang Sun, a lady swings" (the first discount of Junbao Shi's Qujiangchi); "Wide and spacious, walking around the pavilion, laughing and sipping outside the powder wall" (the first discount of George's Money Story); "I saw BMW cars, ladies and grandchildren, swinging, orchestral drums, so rich!" In Guan Hanqing's Lu Yi Chinatown Fu Lao, he claimed to be "the leader of the world's husbands and the leader of the world's prodigal sons". In the end, he stubbornly and proudly said, "I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, beaten or fried, and I can walk ... He also wrote" Crossing the Quails and Tripping ":"In the trip field, in Mingke Lane, it is well known to the north and the south, and the meaning can be expressed in the atlas ... "... In the end," ... I spelled it for nothing and kicked the officialdom. Network chinese odyssey, ratings first. "Especially the scene showing women's cuju is the most wonderful. Saduchi's Sanqu Suite "Cuju, a prostitute in Nanlu" describes the scene of women's cuju: "The red face is lined with rosy clouds, and the jade is moist and the firewood is horizontal. ..... Before the song and dance banquet, Xi Xuecheng wrote "Yun Qi World is Round". It can be seen that Cuju at that time, like singing and dancing, was a geisha at the banquet. Most of these women who "occupy the field to accompany the heroes" are "stunning beauties", "Thanks to Qin Lou" and "Mingke Lane"; If the Tao has achieved the wish of cherishing jade and fragrance in the bridal chamber, it will take six pieces of fragrant skin as the marriage. "Deng Yubin's" A Balloon Pun in the Ancient Ladies Circle of Xianren Road Village "wrote:" There are many harmonies in the bag, and all kinds of kicks are wonderful. ..... "There are several songs in the middle that describe the amorous feelings and graceful when ladies play Cuju. Finally, the author praised: "There have never been so few female captains. Suiyuan society often throws sticks, occupies the field and accompanies some heroes. That rich standard! The body is like a devil ... that sister saw the ball coming and was busy using her feet. "These Sanqu works describe the scenes of men and women playing football. However, this duet between men and women is not for self-entertainment, but for women to enjoy Cuju as a skill.

There is a poem entitled "Cuju" copied by Qian of Ming Hanlin Academy, which describes the scene of women's football match: "Cuju was played on the spot in February, and the fairy wind blew two beautiful juan. Sweat stained with powder, flower dew, dust with smoke flying moths and eyebrows. Jade bamboo shoots hang low in the green sleeves, and golden lotus is exposed obliquely in the red skirt. After several trips, I was powerless to return to heaven, wishing I could kill Chang 'an beautiful boy. "Describe women in detail. As can be seen from the poem, February is the season of spring, and the two girls play football with "sweat and powder, flowers and dew, dust and moths, eyebrows and willows and smoke". "The whole poem depicts the life and graceful manner of a girl with flowers such as flower season, flower dew, green willow, jade bamboo shoot and golden lotus, which is vivid and vivid. Write the beauty of a girl like a moon and a flower naturally and naively.

Ma Ruyu, a prostitute in Jinling in the Ming Dynasty, also wrote a poem "Kicking the Ball", which was also written to watch the women's football match: "The waist is slightly curled, and the world of mortals is rolling. The moon sets and the pomegranate skirt flies. "

Yuan Hongdao, a police school in Ming Dynasty, wrote in Yuan Zhonglang's Essays and Letters: "Life can accomplish nothing. If you can't write poetry, you specialize in playing chess ... but you can't, you just have to be able to play wholeheartedly, as the world calls Cha Eighty and Guo Daoshi. "

Zhang Mingdai's "The Elephant Skin of Tao An Meng Qi Yi" contains: "People can't make friends without addiction, so they are ruthless; People are impeccable, so there is no true qi. Yu Youren prayed to stop the painting addiction, but tripped it up ... "(Volume 4)" Dream of Qingming in Daoan, Yangzhou "contains:" On Qingming Day in Yangzhou, men and women in the city call it a day, and ... all good deeds are collected. The long pond is rich in grass and the eagle soars; Gaofu Pinggang, cockfighting; Maolin Qingle, chop Ruan and play Zheng. ..... prodigal sumo, childish kite, ... "(Volume V)

There are also descriptions of Cuju in novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as San Yan Er Pai, Water Margin, The Journey to the West, Jin Ping Mei, A Dream of Red Mansions and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

According to ke's "clearing money, playing and tripping", "tripping is a game. Rou, also known as Bow and Hairball, is said to have started at the time of the Yellow Emperor and was kicked by Cao Zuo. ..... "And quoted Chen Jialing's" Ode to Beauty "to describe various modes of women's trampling, including" Although it is vain, it is always unintentional. There are crystal curtains, slanting through the giant jade ... "And so on. "Paper Money, Drama and Football in Qing Dynasty" contains: "Football, similar to cuju, was popular when it was promulgated. Its material is Indian rubber or canvas coated with rubber glue, which is filled with air and wrapped in a round leather bag with a diameter of about eight or nine inches. During the game, people were divided into two groups and joined in a square 330 feet long and 160 feet wide. At both ends of the field, wooden frames with a length of 18 feet and a width of 6 feet are used as doors. Whoever can kick the ball into the opposite door will win. " "Clear the banknotes, be brave, Qiu Zunqian uses the broadsword" contains: "Qiu Zunqian was born in Pei County, Xuzhou. Can make a broadsword, weighing ten Jin, people call it Qiu broadsword. ..... Chiqu Qilu, ... For happiness, ... "; "Clear Money, Skill and Courage, Feng Nv sends cuff arrows" contains: "Feng Nv, born in Dengzhou, … is beautiful and graceful, armed with live ammunition, as well as swing, trampoline and high pile skills ……".

The 28th time in A Dream of Red Mansions, I wrote baking tea, "I came to the East Gate all the way, but the footman on the door was playing football under Yonglu ..." What I wrote here was kicking a stone ball. According to "Kicking a Stone Ball", the sixty-fourth picture of "Hundred Pictures of Beijing Folk Customs" in the late Qing Dynasty, there is a way to kick a stone ball: two people take two stone balls as a bet, use some broken bricks to lay the floor, and first put a ball. The two balls are seven or eight feet apart, and each person kicks twice, which is the winner. Aisingiorro Puren, the fourth brother of the last emperor Puyi, lived in the pro-Wangfu since childhood. He once saw the eunuch kick a stone ball, similar to a fitness ball in his hand to rub his bones and muscles. The way to kick the ball is to step on the ball with your toes first, and then kick it forward hard, so you win. Whether it's a photo record or an old man's description, they all kick the ball with their feet, not the ball played by modern football. Kicking a stone ball is actually kicking a ball. After digging and sorting out, the game of kicking stone balls officially became a mass movement, and it was named Cuju with the word "Cuju".

In Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and Xiaocui, he described the scene of Xiaocui kicking people: "First of all, teasing, stabbing the cloth into a circle, kicking people is laughing. Victoria Christina Hesketh, a trip to go dozens of steps ... "At this time. There is also a relatively long article "Wang Ji", which tells the story of a father and son who are good at cuju: "Wang is from Luzhou. Strong and brave, can lift a stone. Father and son are good at cuju. " My father drowned in Qiantang River in his forties. Later, Wang went south to Dongting Lake and spent the night by the lake, missing his father's death and unable to sleep. Suddenly I saw five people coming out of the lake and spreading a big mat on the water, drinking and playing. After drinking, I took out a crystal clear ball, "* * * overnight. The rest of the foot is raised and the light is dazzling. " Seeing that the old man who can play football looks like his father, Wang sat up and watched from the boat. At this moment, the ball landed right beside him. When Wang was tickled, he kicked back. When the old man saw it, he exclaimed, "This is my meteor." But Wang kicked the ball too hard and broke it. In an instant, people and balls were everywhere on the lake. It turns out that those four people are fish spirits. His father was saved from drowning by the fish essence and has been a servant. The ball he plays with is made of fish fat. When Pu Songling wrote that the ball was kicked off, he said, "There is light leaking inside, and it shoots like a rainbow and suddenly falls;" Another example is the coma in the sky, which is directly thrown into the water and rolled into boiling bubbles. "

Cuju in ancient China, after thousands of years, once shone like a comet in the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, but in the Qing Dynasty, it was "directly thrown into the water and the boiling sound was destroyed". ……

Football is undoubtedly one of the most popular sports in the World Cup today. As a war in peacetime, it has already gone far beyond the meaning of football itself and evolved into a cultural and social phenomenon, and the World Cup is a world-wide event of this culture. Players from all corners of the world with different nationalities, different colors, different nationalities and different languages enjoy the fairness, unity and friendship that are hard to find in the real world ... The World Cup is the highest hall of all football players' dreams.

The earliest World Cup competition appeared in 1920 Belgian Olympic Games, and 22 teams from South America, Asia and Africa participated in the football competition. 1929, at the FIFA General Assembly, President Rimet officially announced the birth of the World Cup, and we will hold the World Cup competition, which will be shared by the teams of all member countries. Since then, FIFA member countries all over the world can enjoy the World Cup ceremony every four years, except for the suspension due to the war during World War II.