Rule of survival in the wild 1: distress signal
1, signal type
Send out different distress signals according to their own situation and surrounding environmental conditions. Generally speaking, repeating the action three times symbolizes asking for help.
The signal types are: fireworks signal, ground-air signal, limb signal, semaphore signal, sound signal and reflection signal.
2. How to use signals for help?
[ignition]
Ignite three fires in succession, and the optimal distance between them is equal. You can burn cigarettes during the day. Put something that produces smoke on the fire, such as grass, 6 times a minute. Flammable at night.
[cry for help]
Send a distress signal not far away. You can shout loudly, or you can use other objects to make sounds, such as hitting trees with axes and sticks.
[using a mirror]
Reflecting signals by returning light is an effective way. Available reflective items, such as metal signal mirrors, canned skins, glass plates, glasses, reflectors, etc.
[Mark on the ground]
Ground signs can be made on relatively open ground, such as grass, beach and snow. For example, cut the grass into some kind of sign, or step on some kind of sign in the snow; You can also use branches, seaweed, etc. Make a specific gesture and contact with the air. You can also use the ground-air contact symbols stipulated by international civil aviation.
Remember these words: SOS (help) to send (send) the doctor (help) to be injured (trapped) to get lost (water)
[Message]
When leaving a dangerous place, leave some signals for rescuers to find. Ground signals enable rescuers to know your position or past position, and direction indicators help them find your action path. Keep leaving signs along the way, so that rescuers can pursue them and not get lost when they want to return. If they get lost and can't find the route they want to take, they can become guides.
Rule 2 of survival in the wild: the way of ignition in the wild
1. Tap a stone to make a fire
Find a hard stone to make a "flint" and knock it down with the back of a knife or a small piece of steel to let the spark fall on the fire. A hacksaw with teeth on the blade can produce more sparks than an ordinary knife. When the fire starts to smoke, blow or fan it slowly to ignite the open flame. Of course, not all stones can ignite the fire, and the sparks from the stones must have a certain amount of heat and duration to ignite the fire.
Make a fire with a battery
If there is a big battery, connect the positive and negative poles at both ends of the peeled pencil lead, and in an instant, pencil lead will burn as red as electric furnace wire.
If you travel by car, you can take two long wires and connect them to the positive and negative poles of the battery respectively. If there is no wire, you can use two wrenches or other metal tools instead. If the lead is not long enough, you can take the battery out of the car. Touch the ends of two wires slowly, and the short circuit will produce sparks. At this time, a piece of cloth soaked in gasoline is the best kindling.
3. Fire drill
Tie shoelaces, ropes or belts with tough branches or bamboo pieces to make bows. Wrap a dry stick around the bow and use it to spin quickly on a small piece of hardwood. This will drill out black powder, and finally, these powders will smoke and generate sparks to ignite the fire.
4. Other methods
Rubbing a piece of glass on a flat plate will also generate heat and get angry. Due to strong friction, the fire blows when it is very hot.
You can also use two soft pieces of wood or bamboo to rub against each other to make a fire, and the bottom is padded with palm skin or dry matter at the bottom of coconut leaves as a kindling. You can also dig a straight ditch at the bottom of a piece of cork, and then "plow" it back and forth with a spear-shaped hardwood tip, so that the fire can be generated first and then ignited.
Rule 3 of survival in the wild: find the direction and path
1. Sun
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, which is the most basic way to tell the direction. You can also use the stick shadow method to measure. When the sun is enough to form a shadow, erect a straight stick (1 m or more) on the flat ground, and put a stone (or other mark) on the top of the stick's shadow. The shadow of the stick will move with the sun. After 3060 minutes, put another stone on top of the stick shadow. Then draw a straight line between the two stones, and draw a straight line perpendicular to it in the middle of this straight line. Then step on the first mark with your left foot and the second mark with your right foot. At this time, the front of the standing person is due north, the back is due south, the right hand is east, and the left hand is west.
Use stars
In the northern hemisphere, Polaris is usually the target. The key to using Polaris to identify the direction at night lies in finding Polaris accurately in the vast sea of stars. There are many ways to know Polaris. Here is a simple and effective method:
First, look for the Big Dipper (A) in the shape of the Big Dipper, and extend the interval between the two stars on the handle of the Big Dipper by five times, and you can find the Polaris (D) on this straight line. Generally speaking, the stars on these two handles are called key planets. If you can't see the Big Dipper, go to the opposite constellation (B), which is made up of five stars. They look like the shapes of English letters M or W leaning to one side. Draw a straight line from a star in Hou Xian constellation, and you will find that the distance from Polaris to Polaris is almost the same as that from the Big Dipper. The direction of Polaris is due north.
3. Look at the position with your watch.
I want to know the direction, but I don't have a compass. In this case, as long as there is the sun, you can find the position with your watch.
Put the matchstick vertically on the ground, then put the watch horizontally on the ground and overlap the shadow of the matchstick with a short needle. The middle between the surface 12 point direction and the scale indicated by the short needle is south, and the opposite is north. If you don't have matches, you can also use twigs, and it is more accurate to use shadows as much as possible.
Remember to wear a watch if you are engaged in challenging survival activities. At this time, an ordinary watch is more valuable than an electronic watch. Because the hour hand and minute hand on an ordinary watch will become an important survival tool when necessary.
4. How to use the compass
Using the compass, you can make the orientation of the map consistent with the actual terrain, and find out where you are now and the orientation of the destination you are looking for.
The compass must be held horizontally, away from the following items to avoid confusion of magnetic needles: the compass should be away from barbed wire10m, 55m from high-voltage lines, 20m from cars and airplanes, and10m from magnets such as magnetic containers.
Rule 4 of survival in the wild: lightning protection method
1, don't stay on the platform of high-rise buildings in thunderstorm weather, and don't enter isolated shacks, sentry boxes, etc. In the open air.
2. Stay away from the exposed water pipes, gas pipes and other metal objects and power equipment in the building.
3. It is not advisable to hide under the big tree during a thunderstorm. If necessary, you must keep a distance of 3 meters from your torso, squat down and put your legs together.
4. If there are ants crawling on your head, neck and hands when thunder and lightning strike, and your hair stands on end, it means that lightning is coming. Get down on the ground quickly to reduce the risk of being struck by lightning, and take away the metal ornaments, hairpins and necklaces you wear.
5. If you encounter a thunderstorm outdoors and have no time to leave tall objects, you should immediately find some dry insulation and sit on it with your feet crossed. Don't put your feet on the ground outside insulation, because water can conduct electricity.
6. When avoiding thunderstorm outdoors, be careful not to hold the ground with your hands. At the same time, put your hands on your knees, keep your chest close to your knees, and keep your head as low as possible, because your head is more vulnerable to lightning than other parts of your body.
Rule 5 of survival in the wild: survival knowledge
1. Looking for water in the wild
(1) island water search
On the windward side of the island, there is often water and food; Fresh water can also be found in rock caves; Digging the coast? Hmm? When taking water, the puddle should be dug in a safe zone above the tidal level, and its depth should make the water collect at the bottom of the pit. Skim the surface water and use the upper water after precipitation. Of course, it will be safer after boiling.
(2) Plants absorb water
The green nuts of many plants can quench their thirst quickly because of their sour taste; The stems, roots and shoots of Phyllostachys bambusa have water, and the height is 15 ~ 20 cm.
(3) Animals drink water
Water accounts for 50% ~ 80% of fish's weight. As long as you eat 3 kilograms of fish every day, you can meet an adult's daily demand for fresh water. The method is to cut the fish into small pieces, or cross the back of the fish with a knife, and then squeeze out the water hard; Or take out the guts of big fish and drink the juice from them.
(4) condensing to make water
If you drift on the sea, can you lift one on the boat? Awning? In this way, the water vapor in the air will rise to the top of the canopy, and after cooling, it will become water droplets and flow to the bottom of the ship, and be collected for emergencies; Select strong branchlets with dense branches and leaves and put them on plastic bags with the mouth of the bag facing up and the corner of the bag facing down, so as to collect condensed water; Or put fresh plant branches and leaves that have just been cut into large plastic bags, which will produce condensed water when the temperature rises; In the desert, water can be distilled by solar heat energy in wet places (Figure 10- 1), and about 50mL of water can be collected in 24 hours. Seawater and urine can also be distilled for drinking.
(5) Ways to find and purify water
You can look for water in the upper reaches of the river; Looking for water along the flight direction of birds; Looking for water under the dry river bed; Looking for water in the lowest place outside the river bend; Looking for water at the foot of the lush mountain; Looking for springs at the bottom of the canyon and under the slope; Water can be found by tracking the footprints of people or animals (for example, bees leave the hive no more than 6.5km, and most insects will fly within a radius of 90m from the water source); To purify water, you can boil the water, add a little salt, or shake it with household bleach and water purification tablets (1 ~ 2 tablets). You can drink it after half an hour of precipitation.
In the severe water shortage environment, we should reduce consumption and exercise more. For example, talk less, don't smoke, and many people breathe near their noses; Don't lick your lips with your tongue. You can apply anti-cracking oil or animal oil, or you can put pebbles or coins in your mouth to quench your thirst. Or dig a hole in the sand and hide it to the neck depth, which can stop the evaporation of human moisture by heat, and pile the dug sand next to the hole to provide shade.
Note: No matter how helpless and thirsty you are, you can't drink white wine. Tiger milk? )。
Eating in the wild
(1) Plant food
We should not rely on a single plant as a food source for a long time, nor should we draw the conclusion that plants eaten by birds, mammals or insects must be eaten by humans.
1) Try plants: A person can only try one plant at a time. Use charcoal ash to induce vomiting when you are uncomfortable. You can cut off the plants and smell them. If it smells like bitter almond or peach peel, throw it away. You can squeeze juice and apply it to the upper arm between elbow and armpit, and discard it if you feel uncomfortable; If there is no discomfort, you can touch your lips, tongue or chew a small piece, and discard it if you feel uncomfortable; If there is no discomfort, you can swallow a small piece and wait for a few hours. If there are still no adverse reactions, the plant can be considered safe to eat.
2) Collect plants: use clean empty bags and baskets to collect light green buds, bulbs, tubers, fruit drop, etc. Be careful not to collect plants with milky white or milky white juice; Don't collect bright red envelope plants; Don't collect berries that split into five petals; Do not collect plants with small barbs on stems and leaves; Don't collect withered and yellow leaves; Don't collect mature ferns, etc.
3) Identify plants such as dandelion, nettle and plantain. In temperate regions; Palm, wild fig and bamboo in tropical and subtropical regions; Cactus and Rosa roxburghii in desert areas; Polar spruce, arctic willow, lichen; Large seaweed and laver in coastal areas can be eaten.
There are also some plants, such as the inner layer of bark, the gum and resin of some trees, the pulp of birch and maple, and some fungi, desert plants, tropical plants, coastal plants and seaweed plants.
Note: Some plants are poisonous. For example, when human skin comes into contact with some plants, it will be stimulated to get a rash, so it should be washed with water immediately; Don't eat some poisonous plants by mistake. If you think weeds are wild lilies or wild onions, you are in trouble.
(2) Animal food
All animals may be potential food sources. Some animals (such as insects) hardly need any skills when catching, but most animals can only be obtained by setting traps or hunting. Therefore, we should master some knowledge of animal characteristics, living habits and capture methods, but don't kill innocent people indiscriminately.
Delicious and fleshy are adult females. The younger the animal, the thinner it is; The older an animal is, the more fat it has and the rougher its meat quality is.
How to use sleeping bags to survive in the wild
Sleeping bags are skillful. No? Sleep? Even people who use cold sleeping bags (MINUS 35 degrees) will feel cold at low temperatures (MINUS 5 degrees), so how can they sleep warmer? When using sleeping bags, there are many external factors that will affect the performance of sleeping bags. It should be noted that the sleeping bag itself is not hot, but it effectively reduces the body temperature loss. The following situations will help you sleep warmer. In the wild, a sheltered tent can provide a warm sleeping environment. When choosing a camp, don't choose the valley bottom, which is the gathering place of cold air, and try to avoid the ridges or valleys that bear strong winds. A good damp-proof pad can effectively separate the sleeping bag from the cold and wet ground, and the inflation effect is better. You need two ordinary moistureproof mats in the snow.
Keep the sleeping bag dry. The water absorbed by the sleeping bag mainly comes from the human body, not from the outside. Even in extremely cold conditions, the human body will still expel at least a small glass of water when sleeping. Thermal insulation cotton will stick when it is wet, lose its elasticity and reduce its thermal insulation ability. If the sleeping bag is used for several days continuously, it is best to dry it in the sun. Frequent cleaning of sleeping bags can keep the elasticity of thermal insulation cotton.
Put on more clothes. Some soft clothes can also be used as thick pajamas Filling the gap between people and sleeping bags can also enhance the warmth of sleeping bags.
Warm-up before going to bed is the heat source of sleeping bags. If you do a short warm-up exercise or drink a hot drink before going to bed, your body temperature will rise slightly, which will help shorten the heating time of your sleeping bag.