Gateball is an outdoor ball game, also known as croquet. The ball is hit over the iron gate on the flat ground or lawn with a mallet. Gateball originated in France, and was introduced to Britain in the13rd century, Italy in the17th century, and then to the United States. Introduced to China in 1930s, it was only used as a game class in yenching university. Gateball originated in Japan in 1948, and was popularized as an activity for the elderly in 1970. Gateball occupies less land, saves money, is very safe, has simple technique, short competition time and small amount of exercise, and is suitable for middle-aged and elderly people to do physical exercise.

brief introduction

Gateball is a mixture of golf and billiards. It is not only simple, relaxed and interesting, but also can stimulate the brain and promote physical and mental health. It is the most economical new sport in Xian Yi at present. Many old people have complained that this society is unfair, because everything from consumer goods such as clothing and luxury goods to various health and fitness activities is designed for young people and even children. Few people think that the elderly used to be the backbone of society and the masters of the country. In fact, this is also the case, especially in sports. From fierce track and field competitions to ball games, there are almost no activities that the elderly or the weak can intervene in. We are familiar with the activities of the elderly, either playing Tai Ji Chuan in the park in the morning or at night, or going back and forth in the streets. However, the situation has changed since the introduction of gateball. Three or five friends, simple equipment, can play for an afternoon, which not only achieves the purpose of limb movement, but also has the effect of connecting feelings and entertainment.

Edit the development history of this paragraph.

Croquet game

[1] Gateball originated in France and was called krogh at that time. It became very popular after it spread to England. 1947, 1947 was introduced to Hokkaido, Japan in February, and was improved and streamlined by Suzuki Kazuo (for example, each team was changed from six to eight, and the goal was reduced from six to three; The size of the court ranges from 20 meters long to 15 meters wide, the longest is 25 meters, and the width is 20 meters, making it a popular gateball in Japan. Kazuo Suzuki, who originally introduced gateball, originally hoped to use this gentle sport to educate children and save Japan's bright hope from the dark ages after the defeat. Unexpectedly, the activity was praised and loved by many people as soon as it was launched, so it was later promoted and rewarded for female high school students and civil servants, and the result was equally popular, especially for the elderly who never had the opportunity to enjoy sports. After participating, they couldn't put it down and enjoyed it. According to conservative estimates, the population of gateball in Japan has reached 7 million so far, which shows the popularity of this sport.

Edit this paragraph project rules

According to the rules, the ball passes through the goal and hits the goal post in turn to complete the game. During the competition, each team has five balls, one red ball and one white ball. The red and white balls are alternately hit from 1 to 10. Each player has 1 ball, which is called "self-ball". The ball number is the same as that of the player, that is, the ball number when the batter hits the ball for the first time in the service court, and the rest are other balls. If the batter successfully hits the ball through one door, it is called passing through the first door, and the player can hit the ball again, as well as through the second and third doors. In addition, if the ball successfully passes through the third column, the player corresponding to the ball number ends the game. When hitting the ball, if the ball touches his ball, it is called impact. If the ball and the ball he hit stop in the match line, the batter needs to step on the ball with his foot and stick it on the ball. Then, he hit the ball with a mallet and hit it out with impact. This is called a blitz. The batter has the right to continue hitting the ball regardless of whether the ball is successfully hit through the gate or dodged. Each ball passes through a goal in turn and gets 1 point, hits the goalpost and gets 2 points, and finishes a game and gets 5 points. At the end of the game, the players' scores are added to determine the outcome, and the winner is the one with more total scores. Gateball is a game between two teams 10 players, each player has his own ball, hitting the ball independently and cooperating with each other.

Edit this croquet field

1, the gateball court is rectangular, determined by the limiting coil, without any obstacles. 2. The connecting line is 20-25m long and 15-20m wide, and the limit line is 1m outside the connecting line. 4. In principle, the width of the matching line is 5cm, and the limit line and other lines should be easy to identify. The size of the stadium. The matching line consists of four outer corners, which are 1 corner, second corner, third corner, fourth corner.7, 1 corner and the line between the second corner is 1 line; The line between the second angle and the third angle is the second line; The line between the third angle and the fourth angle is the third line; 4 The line between horn and 1 corner is Line 4.8, and the service area is rectangular. Its sideline consists of the 4th line and its outer line, and vertical lines with distances of 1 m and 3m from the 1 angle to the 4th angle. Note: the size of the venue, the width and color of the line are decided by the organizing Committee of the competition.

Edit the referee rules in this paragraph.

Requirements for referees

1. Always study and practice, and constantly improve and consolidate your professional ability. (especially the national referees who have been admitted, study harder and constantly improve the referee's level. Never let the horses go south. ) Be punctual. (come early and leave late) gfd and his clothes are neat and generous. It is required that the players' clothes on the court should be unified, and the referees themselves should be unified, so as to establish a good image of gateball. Croquet game

(3) Strictly follow the norms of textbooks, and do not engage in local food stamps and land reform policies. ④ In practice, we often encounter some new problems that we don't often encounter. Only by mastering professional knowledge and rich experience can we correctly analyze and solve some specious problems. Therefore, we should constantly study the law and sum up experience. ⑤ Standing posture. The "Judgment Law" clearly stipulates five principles of judgment cooperation. The first is to observe clearly: choose the best position to observe. This is very important. Didn't you press the tee when you passed a door? Do you just hit the foot or do you hit the foot and the ball at the same time? (6) Concentrate and show agility; 6) Control the audience and the game. (Process Note 3) 2. Treat each other with sincerity and be kind to others. As the saying goes, "a good word warms three winters, and a bad word hurts people in June." The referee's words are the same. So, first, you should be modest. Second, we should learn some psychology and express our ideas appropriately, so that even if we sentence others, others will not resent it. There are three words, and it is better to be clever. Moreover, not only for themselves, but also for other referees. When watching a football match, don't discuss and evaluate other referees' decisions, but "watch chess without talking" and communicate if you have any questions. This is a discipline of the referee team. 3. Exercise and keep full of energy and physical strength.

The workflow of the referee

1. Prepare ① check the venue before the competition. There are four factors that determine the outcome of gateball: technology, tactics, psychology and venue. In the past, fighting depends on the terrain, and the reason is the same. At this time, the referee should pay attention to whether the lines on the four sides are firm, whether the goalposts are firm, whether there is a goal line, whether the tee-off area is correct, and whether temporary regulations (a big tree) have been made under special circumstances. The coach should pay attention to whether the field is flat or not, and use his head. Squat down on all sides to see. Mastering these materials in advance and preparing carefully before the game will give you a better chance to win the game. The referee should confirm the qualifications of the players and see if there are any players who play illegally. Once this level is ignored, both sides are responsible. The batting order table is the basis of this game, and everything should be based on it. Even if a player's name is written in the order list, he can't take part in the competition if he is not written in the order list. 3 choose to attack. (Square diagram) We see that his square arrangement is just staggered by one circle with our fixed 1 position, and other positions rotate counterclockwise. In other words, our first round is their second round (generally, the first stage of international competitions is divided into four teams, and domestic competitions are executed according to the 04 referee method. Another is that the captain on the left side of the international referee law stipulates that the advantages and disadvantages should be chosen first. The advantage of this is that the task is clear, and the disadvantage is that the number of choices is not fair enough. Example of how to decide to attack first and then attack: l If you decide to attack first and then pick up the coin, the method is as follows. Team A, Team B, Team C and Team D (round robin)No. 1 match A: match B The second match C: croquet.

Game 5 d :a Game 6 b :c Game 3 c :a Game 4 b :d The captain of the left team picks heads or tails, and then the referee picks coins. Game 1, game 1 :2, game 2 3 :4 The captain of the team with a small number picks heads or tails (in this case, 1 and 3). The lottery method is not in the above way. ④ Registration: Before the game, the referee should call the players from both sides to report to the newspaper office. The first thing to do here is to confirm the hitting order by the recorder, the second is to check the bat, and the third is to check the clothes. Fourth, the referee should remind you of some precautions: pass the tee area, pay attention to 10 seconds, and hold the ball after stopping. These are all controversial points in the competition. Take your positions when you are ready. ① Placement of the ball. At this time, the ball is placed at an appropriate distance outside the limit line, because both players stand outside the limit line after entering the field. (2) the basic position at the beginning of the game. The referee called number one after hearing "the game started" and ran to the corner. The assistant referee keeps diagonal with the referee about two meters behind a door, and the recorder is in the first line position. In order to meet the needs of the referee, you can also stand according to the method of 04 referee, because referees A and B will be interchanged, and the assistant referee will stand directly in the corner. After the referee's call sign, it will be changed to referee B. Gate A will observe whether the ball really passes through 1 to reduce the running route; The recorder stands outside the second line and faces a door, which can help stop the foul ball. ③ Replace the seat. 3. The game begins. (omitted) 4. Precautions at the end of the game The final stage of gateball is often the most intense. In a few seconds, the difference of one stroke can often determine and reverse the outcome of the game. At this time, the referee must be highly focused, and all links should be in accordance with the regulations, no more or less. Be careful not to comment on the performance of the players, and the captains of both sides should not comment on the performance of the other players. In addition, it is emphasized that after the announcement of the game time, if the referee does not hear it, the next red ball will be invalid. The assistant referee and recorder should have reminded and corrected them in time. And the coach can't obey this. 5. Confirmation of scores and determination of results. The main thing to remind here is that when the two sides stand in a row after the game, the referee should not announce the score immediately after receiving the record form from the recorder. It's troublesome to verify and confirm, and then modify it later if it's wrong. 6. The same division and the same division have been implemented for many years, so I won't elaborate on them one by one. Key reminders are as follows: ① Organize reforms quickly so as not to delay time. (2) The ball must not be intercepted after passing a goal, and it should be picked up when everyone thinks it will not be out of bounds. (3) In the first two rounds, the batter freely chooses the hitting position, and the referee starts to position the ball in the third round. There is one more detail. In the first round, China put the ball that passed the door in the match line and the ball that didn't pass the door outside the line. The international version is to put the ball that has passed the door in an indifferent place and return the ball that has not passed the door to the batter. 7. Full score is 8. Disqualification can be divided into three situations: abstention, refusal to participate in the competition and disqualification (illegal participation). In practice, the first case (waiver) is relatively easy to achieve, and the second and third cases should be cautious. In the second case, a team refused to play, mostly because there was a dispute on the field and it was difficult to reach an understanding. At this time, the referee can announce a timeout, do persuasion first, and then deal with it. The third kind of disqualification refers to people who are not on the team list or who are on the list but have not filled in the batting order list of this game. This happened because the player changed the number cloth privately, or applied for changing the number cloth by impersonation to deceive the referee. In any case, as long as it is found, the whole team will be disqualified and the other team will win. Croquet game

9. Handling of Obstruction of Competition Regarding this paragraph, it is usually handled in two steps. Under normal circumstances, give a warning for violations; Direct punishment if the circumstances are serious. At present, there is still a lack of specific implementation standards in practice, and judges should carefully grasp this degree. When revising the rules in the future, it is suggested to introduce an implementation standard.

Duties of the Chief Justice and Deputy Judges

1. The main task of the first referee is to be responsible for people, and the main task of the second referee is to be responsible for the target. Except that the call sign is the patent of the referee, other general circumstances (except special circumstances, such as interrupting the game, disqualifying someone from the game, etc. ) and the running positions of the referee and the assistant referee can be exchanged at any time according to the situation. 2. Call sign and running referee is responsible for the call sign, which requires the referee to have a broad vision and good observation ability. A national referee should never use an assistant referee to indicate the location of the next number. If he sweeps with the corner of his eye, ① ② ④ is in my left and right vision, then ③ should be in the back. In addition, there must be judgment. I don't think there will be any other changes in the speed direction of this ball, so I immediately call the next number to reduce the number of referees. The batter who enters the game according to the call sign of the referee is called the batter. When he hits the ball without crossing the door, hitting, out of bounds, full score or foul, the right to hit the ball ends. That is to say, during the period from bidding to the end of batting right, the batter has his own rights. In some cases, he can ask the referee for confirmation, and the referee must reply. The answer is quick and simple, because the answer time is within 10 second. However, if it is not clear whether the ball pressed on the goal line is in front of the goal or behind the goal and it is necessary to ask the recorder, then the time for the referee to ask the recorder is not counted as 10 second. This also fully embodies the principle of humanization and is more reasonable. 4. The passing goal consists of three points: hitting the ball in the kick-off area, passing the goal and stopping the line, all of which are indispensable. The first tee-off is from the outer edge of the match line to the outer edge of the limit line of two square meters. As long as even a little projection of the ball is placed in the tee area, it is a good ball. If the ball is not on the tee, it should be put back. Must be placed by hand. If you put it with your foot or bat, it's a foul. However, due to the environment of the tee, if the ball touches the batter's bat or foot, it is not a foul. There is a question of who takes the initiative, whether I touch the ball or the ball touches me. The referee must see clearly. The second point is to go through a door. Here, we should pay attention to the step area from the tee to a door. If there is a ball within 7.5 cm behind a door, it can be removed temporarily. Besides, you can't move. In view of this, some coaches thought of a blocking tactic. This is a special war example under special circumstances, which has certain risks and should be used with caution. The third point is "stop at the boundary". In other words, only when it stops in bounds can it be announced that the ball has passed a goal and scored. 5. Coordination and judgment between referees. In my opinion, the cooperation between referees and referees is an art, which requires communication and tacit understanding, and both sides need vision and tacit understanding. A good referee, a look, a hint, can be tacit. For example, in a close collision, there is often a phenomenon that both people are sentenced or both people are not sentenced. At this time, as long as two people look at each other in advance, you look at each other, make a gesture or step back, I will understand that it is my turn to sentence. If the time is too late, the first referee can slow down and see if the second referee will make up the station immediately, and then pronounce the sentence. Gateball game

How to cooperate tacitly can not be taught only by textbooks, but also explored in practice, thus creating a more and more reasonable division of labor. 6.Blink focuses on the treatment that the ball hits multiple balls and closely fits them. First ask the referee for confirmation, and then you can take the ball off yourself. If the referee decides that three balls have been played, but two balls are close together and one ball has a gap, then you can only move and hit those balls that are close together first. Now that the referee has confirmed and answered that three balls have been hit and stuck together, you can move the other ball yourself. In the explanation on page 26 of the rules, it can be removed one by one; You can take two at a time, but you must keep one. When taking the ball, it will cause other sticky balls to move without foul, and put them back in place. (3) The box description on page 27 of the rules lists the foul of hitting multiple other balls at the same time, and the second case listed is the foul of picking up multiple hitting balls at the same time. Someone wrote to ask: The rule says on page 26 that two balls can be picked up at the same time, and on page 27 that it is a foul to pick up multiple balls at the same time. Aren't these two pages contradictory? In fact, these two articles are not the same thing. It's against the rules to pick up multiple shots at the same time on page 27. First, it means that there are no stickers when playing multiple balls, and the batter can only pick up the flashes one by one. But if you pick up all the balls one by one and put them in your pocket like tennis, you won't have to run back and forth, but that's a foul. The second is to play three balls and stick tight. You can take away the balls you hit, and then take them one by one. You can also catch two balls and take them away, but you must keep one. At this time, picking up the ball is divided into two steps: the ball in front is temporarily removed, and their affairs are not over yet, and these balls will be dealt with later (blitz); The last resort is blitzkrieg, which must be done at one time. The nature of picking up the ball before and after is different. At this time, if you don't take two steps and pick up all three sticky balls at once, just like playing tennis, it is "picking up multiple hit balls at the same time" and it is a foul. Therefore, it doesn't matter how many multi-ball stickers you pick up at a time, as long as you have one left. If there is no one left, you will be sentenced to a foul of "picking up multiple balls at the same time" Third, after the ball successfully hits several balls, it touches one of the hit balls. You have to flash the touched ball first, but you can't flash it with the untouched ball. Otherwise, it is also "picking up multiple hit balls at the same time", which is a foul. If the batter's temporary ball affects his flash, the referee can put the ball in another position. The time for the referee to change the position of the ball is the referee's time, not ten seconds. ⑤ If the referee hasn't come to change the ball, and your stroke hits the temporarily removed ball, then the stroke and the subsequent movement of the temporarily removed ball are invalid. The referee takes back the hit ball and puts it where it touches, takes back the temporarily removed ball and puts it away, and then picks up the second shot. In particular, because it is clear that the movement of dodging the ball after playing the temporary ball is invalid, the idea that the batter temporarily moves the ball in front of the door 10 cm in the previous paragraph is invalid. ⑥ If there is a goalpost ball on the goalpost, there are three ways to remove it due to the vibration of the goalpost: because the ball is effective; If it is caused by human factors, it is invalid; Caused by a mallet, a foul. It is emphasized that the vibration caused by lightning stroke causes the stick ball to move and should be restored to its original position. 7. The decision of the ball out of bounds and the ball out of bounds ① was made by referee B. That is to say, after he stepped the ball out of the match line, referee B had an out-of-bounds gesture and a password of "X out of bounds". This is more scientific, because you can see it most clearly. In addition, after the ball is out of bounds, it will still be judged out of bounds. (2) An out-of-bounds ball is a ball that is put out of bounds 10 cm by the referee after the ball is out of bounds or fouled. When hitting the ball out of bounds, the batter shall not hit any ball out of bounds or out of bounds, which is a foul. (Encountering an invalid moving ball is another matter. ) 8. Full marks (omitted) 9. Replacement and vacancy ① replacement. When the referee calls ②, the coach or captain proposes "② substitution". After the referee's direction record is confirmed, he can announce "substitution" and let him play. The substitute player must wear the number cloth of the player he replaces. In another way, if the referee finds that the player who hits the ball is an unqualified substitute, he will restore the ball to its original position, ask the player to leave and declare the ball invalid. Let me explain that this unqualified substitute is not the same as the unqualified one mentioned above. He was written in the batting order list of this game, which is famous. Here he either didn't go through the replacement procedures or re-entered, which is an invalid game. (2) See the provisions of the Referee Law for the game handling of players who are absent, but it is worth mentioning that if the coach and the team leader propose both substitutes and players who are absent, the coach's request will be given priority. 10. Stop the gateball equipment

Only the referee has the right to declare a "timeout". Other referees have no right to announce. Each recorder should be equipped with a chronograph, so that when there is an unexpected pause, it can be timed separately.

The duties of a recorder

1. Fill in the record form. After receiving the batting order table from the captains of both sides, fill in the relevant columns before the game begins. (1) The record of competition time is 24 hours. (2) write the name of the referee in advance. In our country, both the referee and the assistant referee should sign their names afterwards. It would be better this way. The referee can check it again and sign it after confirmation. Reduced mistakes * * * took responsibility. Circle the captain (you can also replace the captain. There is also a small diagonal line in the substitute column, with the substitute number on the diagonal line and the player number replaced under the diagonal line. (4) indicate the pause time and restart time in the remarks column. In the remarks column, it is also necessary to indicate that the same number of players are replaced for the second time. (See record table for details) 2. Retell the time announced by the competition. 15 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes left. Time is up. The final announcement used three words, which I think is very good. The shorter the better. "Time is up" or gong or whistle can be used in future competitions to make the boundary of the end of the competition clear and the referee's call sign stop at the right time. According to the international adjudication law, newspapers should be published twice at a time, and the last newspaper should be published at the first time. 3. Cooperate with the referee on the basis of doing well. Answer the referee's pressure on the goal line ball. (2) assist in handling foul balls (generally standing at the far end of the referee. There is also a tacit understanding to keep diagonal with them. In order to observe the external situation in time and deal with foul balls, the referee's time is reduced. (3) Remind and correct the referee's mistakes.