Model essay on maternal psychological nursing 1: Research progress of postpartum maternal psychological nursing
Objective: To summarize the research progress of postpartum psychological nursing. Methods: Review clinical experience and refer to relevant journals. Results: Positive psychological nursing is helpful to influence the psychological activities of parturients and help them get the best physical and mental state. Conclusion: Obstetricians and gynecologists should learn relevant nursing knowledge, study the psychological needs of pregnant women, master postpartum psychological nursing skills, and improve the effect of postpartum psychological nursing.
Keywords postpartum; Psychological nursing; research progress
Psychological nursing refers to that in the process of nursing, medical workers use psychological theory and skills to actively influence patients' psychological state through various ways and means to achieve ideal nursing purposes. Psychological nursing has become an indispensable part of modern obstetrics. In the whole nursing process, nurses use psychological theory and technology to actively influence patients' psychological activities through interpersonal communication between nurses and patients, and help patients obtain the most suitable physical and mental state for their own conditions.
2.4 publicize the idea of equality between men and women, explain the reasons for giving birth to boys and girls, correct the wrong concept of son preference, and eliminate the inferiority and disappointment of pregnant women. For example, negative emotions will affect the physical and mental health of pregnant women. For example, both cases were parturients who underwent cesarean section, and their physical conditions were similar after operation, but 1 of them were left out by their families and depressed, resulting in decreased resistance, incision infection and insufficient milk secretion. Other 1 case, the incision is expected to be removed, healed well and recovered quickly.
2.5 In view of the taboo psychology of pregnant women, it is necessary to publicize the importance of postpartum nutrition. On the one hand, pregnant women need nutrition to supplement the consumption during pregnancy and childbirth; On the other hand, we should bear the responsibility of feeding, provide reasonable nutrition, and give scientific guidance on diet: during the puerperium, we should eat more foods with high protein, high calorie and high carbohydrate, avoid spicy and other irritating foods, and eat more fresh fish, shrimp, vegetables and fruits. If the diet is too monotonous, it is difficult to meet the nutritional needs of pregnant women, and it will also affect maternal and child health [9].
2.6 Vigorously publicize the advantages of breastfeeding, especially early breastfeeding. First, introduce the composition of colostrum. Immunoglobulin in colostrum can protect the delicate digestive tract and respiratory tract mucosa of infants, resist the invasion of viruses and prevent pneumonia, diarrhea and other diseases. It should also be noted that early breastfeeding can stimulate the lactation function of the mother, and the milk is absorbed more and more; If you don't breastfeed in time after delivery, some women will never breastfeed, and even if some women's breasts swell and lactation, lactation will gradually decrease without the stimulation of baby sucking. Establish confidence in breastfeeding in the first day or two after delivery, because the fatigue of childbirth has not recovered and the milk is reduced. Therefore, some pregnant women will feel irritable, nervous and anxious, and doubt that their milk is not enough to feed their nursing babies, thus adding breast milk substitutes. At this time, the responsible nurse should have a high sense of responsibility and love, and give more encouragement and service to the parturient. Explain some common problems of early breastfeeding. Milk by hand if necessary [10] Tell them that a small amount of colostrum can completely meet the baby's needs. As long as we insist on early frequent sucking and promote milk secretion, breastfeeding will be successful. Put an end to using bottles and nipples as quilts. Successful breastfeeding can establish the emotional factors of breast milk. Mothers are all new mothers, and they are often worried that they will not take care of their children. Therefore, we cancel the previous nursery and establish a mother-infant room, so that the mother can accompany the baby 24 hours a day, so that the baby can be taken to breastfeed anytime and anywhere, and truly breastfeed on demand. The nurse in charge teaches the parturient the posture and posture of breast feeding, teaches the milking technique, and maintains lactation. And let mothers and their families learn how to take care of newborns in hospitals, improve the breastfeeding rate, and create conditions for continuing breastfeeding after discharge.
2.7 Adjust the mood and mood of the parturient and create a relaxed, harmonious and comfortable environment. In view of the psychological fragility, suggestibility and dependence during puerperium, nurses are warm and caring, pay attention to the protective medical system, and never increase the psychological burden of pregnant women because of careless words and deeds, so as to avoid the bad stimulation of hospitals. Introduce roommates, doctors in charge and nurses in charge to the parturient, provide informative, entertaining and interesting reading materials, keep a relaxed and happy mood, get enough sleep and be healthy.
2.8 Psychological Care for Postpartum Depression Since depression mostly occurs after delivery, it is necessary to continue to observe the psychological activities of the puerpera in addition to the treatment and daily care for the puerpera. According to the differences of maternal age, occupation, education level, economic situation, birth experience, personality and temper, family relationship, etc. Take targeted psychological nursing measures to find the harbinger of postpartum depression in time. Because of the baby's unsatisfactory gender and family discrimination, the parturient has abnormal psychology and behavior such as depression, disappointment and unwillingness to breastfeed the baby. If the baby has physical defects or accidents, the mother will sigh, secretly cry, say nothing and don't want to eat. It is characterized by inferiority and pain. Medical staff should care about pregnant women, understand the crux in detail, induce pregnant women to vent their emotions, and provide psychological support and life care for pregnant women according to the three elements of accepting, supporting and protecting psychological care, and eliminate all kinds of stimulating factors. Through the good care of medical staff and family members, parturients will gradually adjust their psychological state to ensure the safety of mother and baby [12- 13].
2.9 Postpartum psychological care of primiparas. Nurses fully understand the maternal family background and pay attention to the maternal psychological changes. Due to the lack of parenting experience and related nursing knowledge, primiparas can not adapt to the role change as soon as possible, and are prone to psychological stress and anxiety and depression. Nurses make targeted psychological nursing measures according to the above situation. Give psychological counseling to pregnant women with poor psychological condition to reduce or avoid mental stimulation; For pregnant women with high risk factors of anxiety and depression, relaxation therapy is used to improve their psychological quality; For families with serious son preference, actively publicize the significance of equality between men and women, and let health education go deep into families and society. At the same time, give full play to the role of family support, and urge family members, especially husbands, to care for and appease the parturient and eliminate anxiety and depression. Nurses should listen patiently to all kinds of questions raised by primiparas, explain them in popular language in time, strengthen communication and reduce their tension and fear. In addition, music therapy can also improve the happy mood of lying-in women [14].
3 matters needing attention in the implementation of postpartum care
3. 1 A good nurse-patient relationship is an important guarantee for the success of psychological nursing, which requires medical staff to keep their own mentality and contact with the parturient with positive attitude and emotional action, so as to realize the success of psychological nursing.
3.2 Problems that medical staff should pay attention to In the whole nursing process, we should pay attention to being good at using various communication skills, patiently listening to the maternal complaints, and putting ourselves in the maternal shoes. Talk naturally and relax, and establish a good nurse-patient relationship with the parturient. Also pay attention to respect the patient's personality. When doing psychological nursing, patients should be psychologically prepared to talk and eliminate their anxiety, depression and anger [15]. 4 abstract
The psychological problems of lying-in women are influenced by many factors. Nurses should correctly and effectively guide and treat the psychological problems of lying-in women through relevant methods and skills to help them get rid of the influence of bad emotions as soon as possible.
Psychological nursing has become an indispensable part of modern obstetrics. Postpartum women's mood has a great influence on diet and milk secretion. The implementation of postpartum psychological nursing is helpful to establish a good nurse-patient relationship, make the parturient feel comfortable physically and mentally, successfully complete the role transformation, and ensure the health of mother and baby and family happiness. Nurses should strengthen the research on the psychological characteristics of postpartum women, master more relevant knowledge and skills, and promote the healthy development of postpartum women's psychology through psychological nursing and health education in all aspects.
5 thank you
The study and life of RTVU will come to an end in this season. At the completion of the thesis, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Xie and Mr. Zuo, the thesis instructor of Suzhou TV University. Teacher Zuo is knowledgeable and strives for perfection. He has provided me with a lot of professional guidance and great help in the process of topic selection, research and writing. I patiently answered all my questions and benefited a lot. Here I would like to express my high respect and heartfelt thanks! Thanks to my head teacher, Mr. Xie, who has devoted a lot of effort and energy to my study at school, so that I can enhance my professional knowledge and improve my comprehensive quality. Thank you for helping me and caring about my classmates and friends. Their spur, encouragement and understanding are my motivation to overcome difficulties and make continuous progress. Thank your family for their selfless support and help. Thank you!
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[1 1] Hou Lijun. The Regulating Effect of Exercise on Psychological Disorders [J]. China Clinical Rehabilitation, 2002,6 (1):11.
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Model paper on maternal psychological nursing Part II: Maternal psychological nursing
Abstract: childbirth is a physiological process. The physiology and psychology of lying-in women will change greatly before, during and after labor. This can directly affect the progress of labor to a certain extent, resulting in adverse consequences such as delivery obstacles and increased postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, we obstetricians should do psychological care for the negative emotions of parturients at all stages, reduce their psychological pressure, and make them cooperate closely with medical staff with the best mentality to successfully complete delivery. Promote the affection between mother and baby after delivery.
Keywords: prenatal and postnatal psychological care of lying-in women
introduce
With the change of medical model, the development of society and the improvement of people's health requirements, nursing has changed from patient-centered nursing to patient-centered holistic nursing. With the in-depth development of holistic nursing, psychological nursing has been recognized and accepted by nurses and applied in all aspects. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the psychological care of lying-in women. "Pregnant in October, one delivery" is the key. Because psychological factors are closely related to people's health, the mood of primiparas during childbirth is particularly complicated. Bad mood can cause nervous system dysfunction, sympathetic nerve excitation, uterine contraction inhibition and uterine vascular contraction, and finally the labor process is prolonged, which can lead to delayed delivery, dystocia and surgical delivery. In order to avoid or reduce these situations, we should pay attention to the psychological care of lying-in women and make them end their delivery with the best mentality. The application of psychological nursing in maternal delivery can improve the safety factor of pregnant women and fetuses, reduce cesarean section and achieve good results. It can be seen that psychological nursing has become the main content and component of nursing work, and plays a very important role in the general nursing of lying-in women.
Second, prenatal psychological care
1 the concept of prenatal psychological care
The so-called prenatal psychology of pregnant women refers to their feelings, perception, memory, thinking, will, personality and emotions. The psychological state of pregnant women before delivery is complicated, including the joy of being a mother and the anxiety and sadness in the face of delivery. This complex and contradictory mood will inevitably be revealed psychologically and emotionally. Prenatal psychology of pregnant women can generally be summarized into four types:
(1) rational type: generally, the education level is high, and the mood is relatively stable.
(2) Fear type: Pregnant women lack scientific knowledge in medicine, fertility and physiology, and are emotionally unstable, suspicious, fearful and worried.
(3) Ignorant type: low cultural quality, especially concerned about having children, some afraid of this and that, and even suicidal thoughts.
(4) Intermediate type: This type has the largest number of pregnant women.
2 nursing countermeasures
As the saying goes, "when the melon is ripe, the fetus will leave the mother and come to the world after it grows and matures in the womb." At this time, the maternal emotions are often abnormal psychology such as excitement, anxiety, nervousness and worry about whether the delivery can go smoothly. First of all, medical staff should have good psychological quality, confident appearance and amiable image, and be able to communicate effectively with parturient. Treat pregnant women as relatives, just like sisters and daughters. Let the parturient always feel the care, warmth and care of the medical staff, so as to establish a good nurse-patient relationship. Secondly, take the initiative to understand the maternal thoughts and family situation, correctly use language art, do a good job in ideological communication, and gain the trust of the maternal and their families. The tone, words and expressions of medical staff will cause different reactions of pregnant women. Therefore, the language, behavior, psychological state and service quality of medical staff are of great significance to promote the psychological state of pregnant women during delivery.
Good psychological nursing plays a great role in the smooth delivery. According to different psychological reactions, different nursing countermeasures are formulated. The anxiety and fear of pregnant women come from many aspects. For example, they are very nervous about their children's deformity, labor pains, dystocia and so on. In view of this situation, we patiently explained to them. Strengthen their psychological care and life care, eliminate their fear and nervousness about childbirth, pay attention to diet and rest, and educate them about painless childbirth, so that they have confidence and determination in childbirth and a certain sense of security in the process of childbirth. Pregnant women are faced with a key choice in life. Their mental state is complicated and their worries are varied. In a word, their emotions are very tense and their psychological changes are complicated. Therefore, we should put psychological care in the first place, treat pregnant women correctly, understand, care, comfort and help her with our hearts, and keep pregnant women in the best physical and psychological state. An important part of psychological nursing is to study business skills hard, constantly improve nursing level, introduce prenatal care knowledge to pregnant women in time, and eliminate their fear of unfamiliar environment as soon as possible. Through the words and deeds of nursing staff, we can get the cooperation of pregnant women and their families, relieve the pressure from all sides and achieve the best nursing effect. Psychological care should vary from person to person. Only in this way can nurses gradually enter the psychology of pregnant women and become an important role. Psychological factors are not only the cause of disease, but also the condition of treatment, and can provide basis for disease prevention. Try to do a good job of prenatal psychological care for pregnant women and help them pass the delivery period smoothly.
Psychological nursing of specific labor process
1 psychological nursing in the first stage of labor
The first stage of labor is the key period of psychological nursing. In view of the long time of the first stage of labor and the pain of uterine contraction, it is easy to make pregnant women tired. If you don't carefully observe the labor process, the parturient will not cooperate and handle it improperly, which will easily be detrimental to the safety of the parturient. Therefore, nurses should be set up to accompany the parturient, and targeted psychological care should be carried out according to the maternal education, occupation, personality and pain tolerance. For example, intellectuals are easily hinted that education is the main part of the nursing process. At the same time, the results of each examination should be fed back to the pregnant women in time, so as to arouse their enthusiasm, encourage the pregnant women with strong self-control and persuade them to reflect their discomfort. For women with poor self-control, give more comfort and praise when actively cooperating. Use the happy induction education method, criticize and blame the parturient less, let alone reprimand and express boredom, and give some painkillers when necessary. For the nervous type excited parturient, every time the contraction comes and the parturient panics, the nurse should patiently explain. Put your hand flat on the abdomen of the parturient during each contraction to understand the intensity and frequency of contraction. After the contraction, listen to the fetal heart sound and inform the mother of each contraction and the fetus. Inform the parturient to charge in the first stage of labor, shouting and moaning will consume physical strength prematurely, which is not good for delivery. After the uterine contraction enters the active phase, the uterine contraction will be more intense, the uterine contraction period will be longer and the intermittent period will be shorter and shorter. Most parturients can't bear the pain of contractions, and they will shout and moan loudly. In addition, some primiparas often panic with the progress of labor, accompanied by rupture of amniotic sac and amniotic fluid outflow. At this time, the nurse should tell the parturient that uterine contraction, fetal decline and amniotic fluid rupture are normal phenomena, and guide the parturient in time. However, we should use abdominal pressure as early as possible, closely observe the changes of maternal vital signs, monitor maternal blood pressure and pulse, monitor the changes of uterine contraction and fetal heart sound, carefully describe the labor process diagram, and promptly guide maternal emptying bladder. Listen to the fetal heart sound immediately after rupture of the membrane, and pay attention to whether there is any abnormality such as umbilical cord prolapse. In case of premature rupture of membranes, women should be instructed to raise their hips to prevent umbilical cord prolapse. During the intermission of uterine contraction, timely replenish water, electrolyte and energy for the parturient, prevent the puerpera from collapsing and electrolyte imbalance, and let the puerpera go through the first stage of labor smoothly.
2 Psychological nursing in the second stage of labor
When the uterine orifice of the parturient is (10cm) and the uterine contraction is good, inform the parturient to enter the second stage of labor. In the second stage of labor, midwives should be more amiable, busy but not chaotic, skilled and decisive, constantly give spiritual comfort and explanation, give the parturient a sense of security, plus effective midwifery operation and encouragement. During the interval of formal contractions, the muscles of the whole body relax, rest quietly, wait for the next contraction, and then hold your breath. Every time we have contractions, we should give encouragement and confidence to the parturient, so that the parturient can trust us more and get close cooperation. Ensuring the smooth delivery of the fetus can deepen the affection between nurses and parturients, enhance the maternal's sense of dependence on medical staff, implement the nurse's accompanying delivery, strengthen the observation of the maternal's psychological state, conduct timely and targeted psychological counseling and nursing, and timely remove the influence of various physiological and psychological adverse factors, so that the maternal can actively cooperate with medical staff to achieve the best physical and mental health.
3 Psychological nursing in the third stage of labor
With the delivery of the fetus, the mother felt relaxed. At this time, the mother is most concerned about the health and sex of the newborn, especially in rural areas. The old traditional concept of son preference has been deeply rooted. When the mother learned that the result was contrary to her wishes, she showed sadness and disappointment and could not cooperate with the midwife to complete the final delivery. When the sex of the newborn is contrary to the maternal wishes, we can not tell the situation for the time being, and then tell the truth after the placenta is delivered and the uterus contracts well, so as to eliminate the influence of traditional thinking, establish a correct concept of childbearing and avoid the danger of postpartum hemorrhage.
In a word, it is very important to do a good job in psychological nursing during obstetric clinical delivery, which is related to maternal and child health and family happiness. It is also a high combination of science and art.
Postpartum psychological nursing
Patiently guide the correct method of postpartum breast-feeding, let the mother get in touch with the baby as soon as possible, promote the affection between mother and baby, encourage the mother to supplement nutrition as soon as possible, so as to restore the physical strength consumed during childbirth, promote milk secretion, achieve "the best of both worlds", strengthen health education, and let the new mother freely deal with problems and prevent wound infection.
refer to
[1] Li Man Jiang Shichang. The present situation and prospect of psychological nursing development [J]. Journal of nursing science. 2003, 18( 1).
[2] Gao Qin, Maternal Psychology and Nursing [J]. China Community Medicine .2007, 13 (3-4).
[3] Wang Lian, Zhao, Duan Lianling. Talking about psychological nursing of lying-in women before and after delivery [J]. Journal of Practical Medical Technology. 2005， 12 (5)。