Constipation often leads to abdominal distension and endless defecation. In severe cases, symptoms such as loss of appetite, dizziness and weakness may be related to the nerve reflex caused by the local mechanical action of feces.
How did constipation come from?
The rectum is empty most of the time. When the feces of colon enter the rectum, the rectum is expanded by the feces, which stimulates the baroreceptor of the rectum, and the defecation intention is transmitted to the cerebral cortex through the afferent nerve of defecation reflex, and the defecation instruction is transmitted to the effective organs involved in defecation through the efferent nerve, so the rectum contracts, the anal sphincter relaxes, the diaphragm and abdominal muscles contract, and the abdominal pressure is increased. This is a normal defecation process.
Some factors lead to the dullness of rectal wall baroreceptor, dysfunction of rectal and anal sphincter, weakened intestinal peristalsis, inability to discharge feces in time, excessive water absorption, and constipation caused by dry stool.
Constipation is generally divided into two categories: organic constipation, caused by various diseases; Functional constipation is mostly caused by trauma, drugs and bad habits of defecation. Clinically, chronic intractable constipation refers to patients whose course of disease is more than two years, which are difficult to be cured by drugs and various non-surgical treatments, but need surgical treatment. Primary constipation refers to those with unknown etiology and difficult treatment; Secondary constipation is caused by congenital diseases, drugs and surgery.
Clinical commonly used guidance treatment classification is as follows:
1. Obstructive constipation of anorectal outlet: it is intractable constipation caused by pelvic floor muscle dysfunction for various reasons, and it is more common in women. It is characterized by difficulty in defecation, endless defecation, and laxatives are often ineffective; In severe cases, sacrococcygeal swelling. Women may be accompanied by vaginal or uterine prolapse, and patients often need to squeeze the vagina by hand or dig out dry feces at the end of rectum. Digital rectal examination can sense that the pressure in the anal canal increases, the rectal mucosa relaxes and accumulates, and some anterior rectal walls bulge in the direction of vagina. Defecography and rectal manometry can confirm the diagnosis, showing pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, while colon transmission test is normal. This type of constipation can be divided into several situations: ① rectocele: it is more common in women, and it is divided into 3 degrees according to the degree of rectocele, that is, mild, moderate and severe, and severe cases need surgical repair. ② Intrarectal intussusception: Also known as rectal prolapse, it is often caused by too long rectum and too long defecation force, which separates the rectal mucosa from the muscular layer. Finger diagnosis can touch the accumulated mucosa, and rectal mucosal ligation can be performed through anus, but the effect is not lasting. ③ Pubertorectal syndrome: It is related to spasmodic hypertrophy of puborectal muscles. Finger diagnosis, anal canal lengthening, increased muscle tension; Anal canal manometry, resting and systolic blood pressure increased; X-ray examination shows "shelf sign" It can be treated by partial resection of puborectalis muscle. ④ Perineal descent syndrome: Imaging diagnosis shows that the upper part of anal canal is at the connecting line between pubic symphysis and coccyx, and if it is less than 2 cm during defecation, it is perineal descent.
2. Colon slow transit constipation: this type, colon slow transit, normal pelvic floor muscle function, clinical manifestations are no defecation, less defecation, abdominal distension; Oral gastrointestinal motility drugs are effective, and subtotal colectomy and ileal, sigmoid or rectal anastomosis are feasible in severe cases. But irritable bowel syndrome needs to be ruled out.
My advice to you is as follows:
(1) preventing constipation
Because feces are mainly composed of digested food, it is a simple and easy way to prevent constipation through diet adjustment. First of all, pay attention to the amount of food. Only a sufficient amount can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and make feces pass and excrete normally. Especially a big breakfast. Secondly, we should pay attention to the quality of diet, and the staple food should not be too fine and fine. Pay attention to eating coarse grains and miscellaneous grains, because there are more residues after digestion of coarse grains and miscellaneous grains, which can increase the amount of stimulation to the intestine and is conducive to the operation of stool. Non-staple food should pay attention to eat more cellulose-rich vegetables, because normal people need 90- 100 mg of cellulose per kilogram of body weight to maintain normal defecation. You can eat more vegetables, leeks, celery, sweet potatoes and so on. Because the fiber rope is not easy to be digested and absorbed, the amount of residue is large, which can increase the intestinal internal volume, increase the intestinal pressure and increase the intestinal peristalsis, which is beneficial to defecation. You also need to drink more water, especially for heavy manual workers. Because of sweating, heavy breathing and large water consumption, the water in the intestine is bound to be absorbed in large quantities, so drink plenty of water to prevent dry stool. Drinking a glass of water before breakfast or after getting up has a mild laxative effect. Drink plenty of water to make the intestine get enough water, which is beneficial to the passage of intestinal contents. In addition, you can intentionally eat more foods with high fat content, such as walnuts, peanuts, sesame seeds, rapeseed oil and peanut oil. These have a good laxative effect.
(2) Develop good defecation habits.
Everyone has various habits, and defecation is no exception. It is necessary to defecate at a certain time. If you often delay defecation time and destroy good defecation habits, the defecation reflex will be weakened, causing constipation, so don't artificially control the feeling of defecation. For people who are often prone to constipation, we must pay attention to arranging defecation at a reasonable time and go to the toilet every time to develop good defecation habits.
(3) active exercise
Exercise, exercise, defecation. Walking, running, doing deep breathing exercises, practicing Qigong, playing Tai Ji Chuan, turning around and lifting legs, participating in cultural and sports activities and physical labor can strengthen gastrointestinal activities, increase appetite and exercise diaphragm, abdominal muscles and anal muscles; Improve defecation motivation and prevent constipation. Old people in rural areas who often work are seldom constipated, but they are lazy. There are more elderly people in cities who are pampered, which illustrates this truth.
In ancient times, induction was used to prevent constipation. "The source of miscellaneous diseases, turbid with rhinoceros" said, "The way to preserve one's health lies in holding the upper jaw of the tongue, hanging it, meditating, and letting the body fluid grow by itself. Once your mouth is full, the red dragon stirs, washes and swallows frequently, listens to its sound and descends to the abdomen, keeps quiet and swallows several times. The large intestine is self-lubricating and effective after operation. " Suitable for the elderly and infirm.
(four) timely treatment of related diseases.
The treatment of related diseases also plays a certain role in preventing constipation. Such as allergic colitis, diverticulitis of large intestine, colon tumor and colon stenosis; Hypothyroidism and diabetes; Uterine fibroids; Poisoning by metals such as lead and mercury.
In addition, Chinese medicine can be used to cook porridge and rice to prevent constipation:
1. sweet potato porridge Wash and cut half a catty of sweet potato into small pieces, mix with 2-3 portions of japonica rice, and boil the porridge with appropriate amount of water. When the porridge is ready, add some sugar and cook it for two or three times.
2. perilla mamen porridge: 65,438+00-65,438+05g perilla seeds and hemp seeds are respectively pounded into mud, slowly ground with water, filtered to remove residues, and then cooked with two pairs of japonica rice to make porridge. More suitable for the elderly or postpartum use.
3. Baiziren porridge Baiziren10-15g, peeled and mashed, added with 1-2 japonica rice, and boiled into porridge. After the porridge is ready, add it.
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