Basic movements of judo technique
Section 1 Basic structure of judo technique
Judo technique consists of throwing technique and fixing technique. Throwing technique refers to the technique of throwing an opponent in a standing position without landing; Real technology is the ground enemy control method, also known as "grasping firmly", which is compared with vertical technology to the front and rear wheels of a car (Huang, Min 76). Vertical technique can be divided into hand technique, waist technique and foot technique according to the main force used by the performer when throwing. Fixation technology can be divided into three technologies: pressing technology, torsion technology and joining technology.
Section 2 Judo Standing Posture
It is very important to learn the stance of judo, because in all kinds of wrestling techniques, the operation starts from the stance, which will affect the consistency and agility of offensive techniques. During the competition, the movement from standing posture to footwork is really a major factor in winning or losing the competition, because when footwork moves, the center of gravity will also move with it. If there is a slight mistake in the pace of movement, once the center of gravity deviates, it can decide the outcome in an instant.
First, the basic stance of judo
Standing posture can be divided into natural body and self-protection body.
(A) the natural body can be divided into
Positive and natural body: this is the most basic posture and the most important posture. In the most relaxed and natural state of mind, feet are shoulder-width apart and stand in a figure of eight. The center of gravity of your whole body is evenly placed on your feet, your knees are slightly straight, your body is slightly straight, and your eyes are fixed on the front.
Right natural body: Starting from the posture of being a natural body, the right foot moves forward slightly, the toes of the left foot spread out slightly, the center of gravity of the body is evenly placed on both feet, the body is straight, the arms naturally droop, and the eyes look straight ahead.
Left natural body: the same as right natural body, except that the left foot takes a step to the left slightly.
(B) self-protection can be divided into
Self-protection: Starting from the posture of natural body, your feet are striding open, your knees are bent, your waist is down, your weight falls on your feet and waist evenly, your eyes are looking straight ahead, and your hands are placed on the upper front of your thighs.
Right self-protection: take a big step forward with your right foot slightly tilted, with your knees bent and your waist down. Your weight falls evenly on your feet and waist, your eyes look straight ahead and your hands are on the front and upper thighs.
Left self-protection: contrary to right self-protection, starting from positive self-protection, the left foot takes a big step forward.
Second, the movement posture and direction of judo training.
In order to make your body move smoothly in any direction forward, backward, left and right, and change the direction of your body easily, you can use two kinds of footwork-upward footwork and mat footwork, both of which require the soles of your feet to walk close to the mat.
Footstep: the general way of walking forward alternately with two feet.
Pad gait: a gait in which one foot is in front and the other foot is closely followed. In addition, there are several methods for reference, while changing the position and direction of the body, maintaining the balance of the body.
Move forward and backward: when moving forward, you can move forward and step by step; When moving backward, you should consider your own balance and use a footstool to move.
Left-right moving method: When moving left and right, it is better to use the foot pad method to keep balance.
Moving in circles: This kind of movement can be divided into two types-moving in circles with oneself as the center or moving in circles with the opponent as the center: moving in circles with oneself as the center, moving with one foot as the center, and moving in small steps with only the other foot; When taking the opponent as the center of the circle, circle on the basis of the pad step method. Note that the circle centered on the opponent is not led by the other side, but driven by your own strength.
Break the potential in eight basic directions.
Section III: Remembering Methods
After you have a basic understanding of judo, you must learn the most important way to fight with your opponent. The following explanations are all explained by the usual posture on the right, and so is the left.
First, the method of crossing the natural body: take a step from the right body to the right front, grab the opponent's right collar with the right hand and grab the opponent's sleeve with the left hand, about at the elbow joint of the opponent.
Second, self-protection: From the perspective of self-protection posture, the right hand is inserted into the opponent's left armpit and attached to the back, and the left hand grabs the sleeve outside the opponent's right elbow and holds the opponent with his arm. It should be noted that when grasping the opponent's skirt, you should relax the strength of your arms and wrists and only use part of your strength to control it, so that you can quickly detect the opponent's offensive, and your arms will not be stiff and unresponsive because of excessive and long-term exertion. When you want to attack, you can attack with all your strength.
Third, it is forbidden to use the crossing method: in the competition or practice, the following practices are not allowed and dangerous: in defense, hold the opponent's belt for a long time (about 5 seconds) and don't let go. When defending, grab each other's pants. Insert your finger into your opponent's cuff. Insert your finger into your opponent's trouser leg.
The fourth section protection method refers to the method of protecting the body safety and reducing the impact on the body when the other party falls to the ground or falls by himself; The exercise of physical protection is from low posture to high posture, from in-situ training to mobile training; In terms of speed, it is a change from slow and steady to fast training. Learn to protect yourself before you can protect others, so protecting yourself is the first course to enter the judo technical museum; Here are some ways to protect your body.
First, supine posture: the body is lying on the tatami, the arms are raised, the chin is closed, and the back of the head cannot touch the tatami. When slapping tatami down with the palm of your hand, open your arms outward at an angle of 30-40 degrees with your body, put your fingers together and slap your palm down.
Second, the sitting posture is inverted: straighten your feet together, sit upright on the tatami, raise your hands forward to shoulder height, close your chin, and when your upper body falls backwards, look at your abdominal joints, open your arms outward, make an angle of 30-40 degrees with your body, put your fingers together, and pat the tatami with your hand or left (right) hand.
Third, squat posture: kneel down and lift your hands forward from your knees, shoulder-high. When you lean back, look at the abdominal joints, open your arms and your body for 30-40 degrees, put your fingers together, and pat the tatami hard with your hand or left (right) hand.
Fourth, standing posture: stand with your feet slightly open, raise your arms to shoulder height, kneel down, and when you fall backwards in a squatting position, beat the tatami hard with your hands.
5. Swing forward: Stand with your feet shoulder width apart, step forward with your right foot, bend your knees, put your right hand inward on the line of your right foot, put your right hand in front of the inside of your right foot, put your fingertips back, put your hands up, straighten your knees, head down, look to the left and rear, roll forward in the order of your right shoulder backwards, and then pat the tatami with your left hand (the right hand refers to the direction of rotation, and the right hand is placed in your right hand to connect with your two heels). You can practice swinging forward by moving, such as running, jumping over obstacles and swinging forward.
In the course of the competition, according to the techniques used by the athletes, according to their quality and effect, they are evaluated as four grades:
(1) a book.
The technique used in standing posture is speed and strength, and the opponent is thrown to most shoulders. Fix the opponent's back on the mat for 30 seconds; Force the other party to elbow or strangle the other party to admit defeat; The opponent was disqualified from the competition; Everyone has one. When an athlete wins a book, the game is over, which is considered as "a victory".
2 have skills.
The technique used in standing is not completely successful, and it is not enough to be judged as "a book". Fixing the opponent's back on the mat for more than 25 seconds, but less than 30 seconds; The opposing athlete received 1 warning; They are all considered skilled. An athlete gains two skills in a game, and when the game is over, it is also a victory.
③ Effective.
The technique used when standing is only partially successful, which is not enough to be judged as "skilled"; It takes more than 20 seconds to fix the other person's back on the mat, but less than 25 seconds; The other party was punished 1 "attention"; Must be valid.
4 effect.
The technique used when standing is not successful, but it has a certain speed or strength, which only makes the other person's side, chest, abdomen and buttocks land; Fixing the opponent's back on the mat for more than 10 second and less than 20 seconds; The other party was punished 1 "guidance"; The effect is average.
Foul:
Athletes who violate the rules or exceed the competition area will be punished by "guidance" (no penalty), "attention" (missing an ocean), "warning" (deducting half a point) and "disqualification" (foul) according to the seriousness of the case. When an athlete is warned twice in a competition, he is disqualified and the other side wins. The most serious foul is a foul, but before the penalty, the referee needs to negotiate with the linesman.
Don't hit each other, don't hit each other with your head, elbows and knees, and don't scratch each other's hair and lower body. Never hit your opponent in the face with your hands, feet, legs or arms. Don't do anti-joint exercises on other joints except elbow joint. It is forbidden to do anything that may hurt the other person's cervical vertebra or spine. In addition, excessive defense in the game, being pushed out of the competition area by the opponent or deliberately avoiding the opponent, causing danger to the opponent, are all fouls.
Beyond the competition area means that any part of the judo player's body is beyond the competition area. If one side throws at the other side and falls off the court because of losing its center of gravity, it is judged whether it is a foul according to the landing time of the fallen player: if the fallen player lands first, it is not a foul, otherwise it is a foul. It is not a foul to be thrown off the court by an opponent in a game with regular movements.
Don't grab your opponent below the waist, or you will be sent off immediately.
It is forbidden to hit in judo, and it is forbidden to use the head, elbow and knee to contradict each other. Don't do anti-joint exercises on other joints except elbow joint. Don't scratch your hair and genitals. It is forbidden to do anything that may hurt the other person's cervical vertebra or spine. Athletes who violate the rules or step out of the competition area will be given "guidance", "attention", "warning" and "disqualification" depending on the seriousness of the case. When an athlete is warned twice in a competition, he is disqualified and the other side wins.
Dojo introduction
The minimum area of the playing field is 14 * 14m and the maximum area is 16 * 16m. The venue must be covered with tatami or similar materials. Color channel
It is often green. The playing field is divided into two areas, between which there should be a danger of being about 1 meter wide and usually red. The danger zone is parallel to the periphery of the competition field and constitutes a part of the whole competition field. Within and including the danger zone is called the competition zone, with a minimum area of 9 * 9m and a maximum area of10 *10m. Outside the danger zone, it is called the safety zone, with a width of about 3 meters (not less than 2.5 meters).
In the center of the competition area, every 4 meters, red and white signs with a length of 25 cm and a width of 6 cm should be marked to indicate the positions of the contestants at the beginning and end of the competition. The red sign should be on the referee's right and the white sign should be on the referee's left. When two or more adjacent competition venues are used, it is allowed to use the 1 safety zone not less than 3m between the two venues. The playing field must be set on the raised floor or backstage. There should be no less than 50 cm of space around the competition venue.
Extended reading:
Basic footwork of judo
Judo basic footwork is an important basis for attack and defense. Correct footwork can concentrate the strength of all parts of the body to one point in the competition and keep the body stable. When moving forward, backward and rotating, you can not only randomly transform into the next action, but also use your skills freely. Flexible position, make yourself in a favorable position. These are all done by correct and skilled footwork. Basic footwork, including ordinary step, forward progress, backward step, cross step, backward step, etc.
Ordinary step: The method of ordinary step is very simple, just like walking normally. If you stand with your left foot in front and your right foot behind, your right foot will take a step forward. Become a standing posture with your right foot in front and your left foot in the back; Take a step forward with your left foot and become a standing posture with your left foot in front and your right foot behind. Follow the normal walking method.
Push forward: the right foot is in front and the left foot is standing behind. The first step is to take the right foot first, and the left foot will follow up further, still keeping the body posture and the distance between the two feet with the right foot in front and the left foot behind; Step forward with your right foot. Keep your left foot forward, your right foot in front and your left foot behind. Follow the method of right foot in front and left foot in back.
Backward: as opposed to forward movement, when standing on the right natural body, you should keep your body posture and the distance between your feet in front of your feet, back front foot and back front foot; When standing in a natural body. According to the needs of attack and defense, you can retreat one foot first and then the other.
Step: Keep your feet left and right, step left (right) with your left (right) foot, and your right (left) foot will follow your left (right) side, keeping the original body posture and the distance between your feet.
Step backwards: Take a step forward with the right (left) foot and turn back to the left (right) at the same time. After turning around, stand with your back to the other side, with your left (right) foot retreating half a step towards your right foot.
When practicing footwork, don't just do one direction, but master the footwork in the left and right directions. The left and right movements are the same, but in opposite directions.
In order to properly use the opponent's body posture and attack techniques in the competition or practice, it is necessary to introduce the different postures of the human body when standing and the changes of the position of the body center of gravity. The basic direction and center of gravity position of body tilt can be summarized as follows:
Straight ahead: lean forward and focus on your toes.
Right Front: The body leans forward to the right with the center of gravity at the tip of the right foot.
Left front: the body leans to the left front, and the center of gravity is on the left toe.
Right side: the body leans to the right side, and the center of gravity is on the outside of the right foot.
Left side: the body leans to the left side, and the center of gravity is on the outside of the left foot.
Right rear: the body leans to the right rear, and the center of gravity keeps up with the right foot.
Left rear: the body leans to the left rear, and the center of gravity keeps up with the left foot.
Straight back: lean back and keep the center of gravity with the instep.
After mastering the basic footwork of judo, you can know the position of the opponent's body center of gravity, and you can create opportunities, make use of opportunities, use skills and fall over your opponent in judo actual combat.
What are the basic movements of judo?
Action 1. Basic stance
The standing posture used in judo practice is basically divided into two postures: natural posture and self-protection posture.
(A) the natural body
Natural body is a kind of high standing posture, which is natural in attack and defense, advancing and retreating freely, and convenient for attack and defense.
Stand on the right natural body: stand on your right foot. Natural body standing: standing with two feet parallel. Standing on the left natural body: standing on the left foot.
(2) Self-protection
Self-protective stance is a kind of low stance, which can not only prevent the opponent from attacking, but also counter the opponent. Self-protection legislation, the upper body remains upright, the legs are slightly bent, the body center of gravity is between the feet, and the whole body is balanced.
Action 2: Bitmap and etiquette of judo suit handle
(1) Bitmap
(2) the method of wearing a seat belt
Find the center of the belt, wrap it around the waist twice, tie the belt at the navel, and then tie the knot.
Judo etiquette
Etiquette is an essential link in judo practice, which embodies the noble sports spirit of mutual respect and mutual respect. The two face each other, with a distance of about 3.64 meters. When giving gifts, the upper body leans forward about 30, and hands are placed above the front side of thighs.
Action 3, body method
? Retractation is a method of self-protection on the ground, and at the same time, it trains the body to be strong and the internal organs to withstand vibration. Beginners practicing judo should first learn how to accept the body, so as to learn and improve various throwing techniques. After learning and mastering the service, if you fall down by your opponent, you won't hurt yourself or your body. Before each practice, whether you are a novice or an old hand, you should practice all kinds of methods of body forward, backward and sideways. First, it can make the body warm, second, it can make the body withstand falling, and third, it dares to fall on the opponent psychologically.
(A) the main method after practice
1. Sit on the mat with your hands and legs together and straighten up. Then, lift the upper body of the leg and fall backwards at the same time. Keep your arms straight, pat the mat with your hands open, and try not to touch the mat with the back of your head. Look at your belt.
2. Squat on the mat, stand on tiptoe, straighten your arms, open your hands, then sit back and fall down, with your hips, waist and back leaning against the mat in turn, straighten your arms, slap the mat with your hands open, try not to collide with the mat with the back of your head, and look at your belt.
3. Stand at attention and raise your arms horizontally in front of you. Then, when your legs bend backward and fall, put your hips, waist and back on the mat in turn, straighten your arms, open your palms and pat the mat, and try not to collide with the mat with the back of your head. Look at your belt.
(B) the method before the subject practice
The front receiver is used to cushion the gravity of the body falling forward and prevent the front of the body from hitting the mat. The training method is as follows: kneel on the mat. When your upper body leans forward, open your hands, slightly inward your fingers, bend your elbows, and touch the mat at the same time. Don't raise your head to touch the mat.
Try it: Please try Judo etiquette and pre-and post-exercise with your classmates.
(3) Practice side by side
In judo practice, there are many opportunities to fall sideways. Judo athletes must learn and master the side connection method in order to cushion the gravity of falling sideways and avoid physical pain or injury. The exercise method is as follows:
1. Squat down, stand with your right foot for half a step, step up with your right foot and fall to the right at the same time. When you fall, pat the mat with your right palm and look at the belt. Then, stand up and do the same thing to the left.
2. Stand up straight, take a step with your left foot, kick your right foot to the upper left, bend your left leg, and fall to the right at the same time, and beat the mat with your palms and arms.
(4) turn over and pick up the body.
You must learn to roll forward before turning over. The rollover catcher is actually a cushion, which rolls forward and slaps its hands and feet to the side, so that the gravity of its body landing is scattered in all parts of the body, rather than concentrated in a certain part of the body. The exercise method is as follows:
1. Feet in front, kneel down, left hand in front, right hand behind, two palms on the ground, two fingers slightly inward, and straighten your left leg at the same time, turn over from the back of your right shoulder to the left and land on the left, beat the mat with your left palm and instep, land with your right palm, protect your waist with your right elbow arm, and look at your belt.
2. Run-up rollover, kneeling rollover, you can further practice run-up rollover.
3. After crossing the obstacle, you can practice the obstacle if you are proficient in the run-up rollover. You can ask your partner to kneel on the mat as an obstacle, starting with one person. With the improvement of proficiency, you can add two or three people one by one.
The benefits of learning judo
1, increase your coordination ability.
2. Improve cardiopulmonary function and enhance immunity.
3, it has the effect of losing weight
It has the advantage of self-defense.
5, the body has lines
Furthermore, judo is a training of attention, spirit, endurance, self-esteem, honor and perseverance. The system of competition by weight is a fair contest between gentlemen. The purpose of judo is to use wisdom, use limbs, train attention and cultivate a hard-working mind.
Mr. Jana Jgoroh, the founder of Kodokan Judo, pointed out: "Judo is the most effective way to use physical strength and brain power." Judo is a kind of fitness martial arts that uses all one's strength, physical strength and intelligence to subdue opponents by practicing judo's unique offensive and defensive techniques. So judo practitioners can make weak people subdue strong people.
Mr. Ghana advocates that the most effective use of whole-hearted strength is not only the "technique" applied in self-defense, but also the "Tao" of all human activities that runs through physical and mental strength. Therefore, in the cultivation of judo skills, it is more important to strengthen physical and mental cultivation, master the spiritual essence of judo, improve self-cultivation and make more contributions to society.
The training of any offensive and defensive techniques in judo is aimed at winning or losing, exercising and cultivating the mind. As long as you practice judo seriously, you can not only exercise your muscles and learn judo, a unique self-defense technique, but also improve your tenacity, decisiveness, fortitude, fairness and law-abiding, and further exercise your observation, reasoning and imagination.