Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, English: watermelon) is called "the king of melons" and originated in Africa. The Tang Dynasty was introduced to Xinjiang and the Five Dynasties to China. It belongs to Cucurbitaceae and has many seeds.

Watermelon is cultivated in both north and south of China. Watermelon is a dicotyledonous flowering plant with vine-like appearance and feathery leaves. Its fruit is Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which is a kind of fleshy fruit unique to Cucurbitaceae. It is a false fruit developed from three lower ovaries, with carpels and placentations. The main edible part of watermelon is the well-developed placenta. Fruit skin is smooth and green or yellow, pulp is juicy and red or yellow, and white pulp is rare. Watermelon is cold and sweet; It has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, promoting diuresis and relieving vexation. It is helpful to treat chest and diaphragm qi obstruction, fullness and discomfort, dysuria, mouth and nose sores, summer heat and heatstroke, hangover and other symptoms. Skin can also be used for cooking and medicine.

The smallest watermelon in the world is produced in South America, and its scientific name is "Pepkino", which is a high-grade fruit with high nutritional value. Its appearance is the same as ordinary watermelon, with a length of 3 cm and a diameter of 2 cm. The outer skin is smooth and tender, and the inner pulp is turquoise.