Asimov's article is a scientific exposition, but its object is a topic of interest to students, and its content is not profound. Let's share with you the teaching design of Asimov's two essays. Welcome to learn from them!

Two teaching designs in Asimov's essay 1 teaching objectives;

1. Filter the information, understand the content and clarify the structure.

2. Sort out the thinking, perceive the reasoning process, and sort out the order.

3. Read the language, experience the characteristics of expression and learn to appreciate it.

4. Train thinking, learn scientific methods and apply what you have learned.

Teaching focus:

1. Sort out the internal logical relationship of the article and understand the characteristics of the explanatory text.

2. Feel the unique language charm of the article and appreciate the charm of popular science sketches.

Difficulties in teaching: Understand the author's way of thinking, and learn the author's thinking methods that are good at contact, from one angle to another, and in many ways.

Teaching process:

Introduction: Introduce and explain the topic-dinosaur extinction.

65 million years ago, the last overlord of the earth, the dinosaur, ruled the world. However, they suddenly became extinct after living for 65.438+600 million years, which became the biggest mystery in the history of biology. Around the fact of "dinosaur extinction", there are more than 30 kinds of/kloc-0 "extinction theories" publicly put forward by scientists alone, and everyone has their own words. I wonder if I can convince you of Asimov, an American popular science writer and science fiction writer?

(Intuitive pictures show a strong sense of substitution, and concise language explanations have a clear direction, which not only quickly leads to the topic "dinosaur extinction" to be discussed in this class, but also inadvertently plants speculative seeds to guide students to correctly treat the conclusions of opinion articles. )

Second, the full text slimming-fast reading, screening information structure

Seminar 1: condense two short essays into a 100-word essay, which sentences would you combine?

1. The first sentence: Different disciplines are closely linked. A new discovery in one scientific field will certainly have an impact on other fields.

2. Conclusion at the end of the article:

Dinosaurs are everywhere: the discovery of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica provides another powerful evidence to support the theory that the earth's crust moves slowly but inexorably.

Shattered sand: The extinction of dinosaurs was not caused by volcanic activity, but by impact.

3. Title: Dinosaurs everywhere, broken sand.

Reference: Different disciplines are closely linked. A new discovery in one scientific field will certainly have an impact on other fields. The discovery of Antarctic dinosaur fossils shows that dinosaurs are everywhere, which provides another powerful evidence for the theory that the crust moves slowly but inexorably. The discovery of broken sand (timely) in 65 million-year-old rock strata shows that the cause of dinosaur extinction is not volcanic activity, but impact.

(In this link, filter the information and clarify the structure of the full text: the total score is total and the level is clear. First, always talk about scientific views, and then prove them with two articles. Each article is thought-provoking with scientific findings, explained step by step, and summarized at the end of the article. )

Third, the context perspective-skip reading, comb the context to see ideas.

Seminar 2: Refine the explanation process into a logical chain. What will you accomplish?

From "scientific discovery in one field" to "scientific conclusion in another field", please find out the author's explanation ideas and briefly record the exchange.

1. The class collectively discussed that dinosaurs are everywhere;

Paleontology-→ Geology

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dinosaurs are everywhere-→ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Reference 1. Discovery of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica → Dinosaurs are everywhere → Dinosaurs can't cross the ocean, the mainland drifts by itself → the crust moves slowly.

References 2. Fact: dinosaur fossils were found near the Antarctic → Reasoning: dinosaurs were all over the world → Reasoning: dinosaurs could not survive in the cold Antarctic → Question: How did dinosaurs cross the ocean to another continent → Suppose: it was the mainland, not the dinosaurs themselves, that drifted.

References 3. Dinosaur fossils have been found in every independent continent → Dinosaurs are everywhere, once spread all over every continent → Dinosaurs can't exist independently on every continent → Existing continents were once connected in ancient times → After dinosaurs appeared, they gradually split into the present continent.

References 4. Scientific Discovery: Discovery of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica → Questioning: Where did dinosaurs come from → Tracing back to the source: Pan-continental division took dinosaurs away → Research value: proving the theory of crustal movement.

2. Group cooperation and exchange "broken sand"

Reference: ① Draw out the object of explanation → ②-⑤ Put forward the theory of objection → ⑦-? Explain the origin and nature of seasonality (high pressure produces seasonality, and high temperature reduces to sand) → infer that there must have been an impact where there was seasonality, and there was no volcanic movement → discover seasonality in dinosaur era →? The conclusion is that the extinction of dinosaurs was caused by impact.

3. Knowledge card reading AIDS:

Logical order is often used to explain things. Logical order is the order usually adopted when introducing things, including: first general statement, then sub-statement, from generalization to concreteness, from concreteness to abstraction, from phenomenon to essence, from cause to result, from individual to general, from general to special, from whole to part, from simple to complex, from characteristics to use, from primary to secondary, etc.

Conclusion: Both articles are in logical order, which reflects the openness and rigor of thinking.

Dinosaurs Everywhere turned from paleontology to geology, supported the theory of "plate tectonics" with the fact that dinosaur fossils were found in Antarctica, and adopted the logical order from phenomenon to essence.

The article "Broken Sand" first puts forward two opposing viewpoints, then introduces the chemical characteristics of the time, and confirms the planetary collision theory by using the research results of geology, and explains the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs in biology. Adopt the logical order from result to cause.

By combing the context to see the thinking of writing, let students feel the process of reasoning in hierarchical group activities, and finally settle down in the discussion of logical order at the right time. )

Fourth, language emphasis-reading, appreciating, expressing and understanding writing.

Seminar 3: Can you find the scientific rigor and popularity of popular science?

1. Pay attention to the supplementary text in brackets (Exercise 3 after class)

A: If you look at a map, suppose Africa and South America are put together, you will find how seamlessly they are put together.

(Scientific method, supplementary evidence)

In case a star hits the earth one day, we may know how to avoid such an impact.

(Scientific value, practical significance)

C is very pure sand.

(scientific attitude, rigor and seriousness)

You can also heat the diamond in vacuum to restore it to its original carbon state, but who wants to do so?

(timely teasing, humorous and vivid)

Conclusion: The supplementary explanation turns the abstruse scientific concept into an easy-to-understand introduction, and the rigorous scientific argument into a humorous analogy, which embodies the characteristics of concise language, strong logic and humor in this paper.

2. Pay attention to the explanation method in the article

For example, compare numbers.

(Guide students to learn the language of expository essays, and discover the characteristics of expository essays and the personality characteristics of the author's language through close reading, so that students can learn to appreciate the accurate, rigorous, popular and vivid language style of popular science prose in rich speech practice activities, and feel the scientific spirit and feelings of scientists from it. )

5. Brainstorm-start writing, activate thinking and try your hand.

Seminar 4: Can you use the scientific ideas and thinking skills of popular science?

1. Identification: Identify which theory in the text is related to the phenomenon described in the material.

A deep trench is a place between the mainland and the ocean near the ocean side. There are 24 trenches with a water depth of more than 6000m on the earth, of which 19 is in the Pacific Ocean. The deepest trench in the world is the Mariana Trench, with a water depth of about11034m. Trench is a masterpiece of plate tectonic activity. When one plate dives under another plate, it sags and tilts upward, forming a trench in the middle. Therefore, the trench is the place where the plate tectonic subduction zone begins and where the plate tectonic compression occurs. It's like a hub or a conveyor belt. On the one hand, the rocks of the ocean plate dive downward, on the other hand, the continental plate tilts upward.

This is an example of plate tectonic theory. The article Dinosaurs Everywhere expounds the main content of this theory from the sixth paragraph. The material of this topic shows that the ocean plate and the continental plate will interact at the boundary, thus forming a trench.

2. Proof: add one, please add an example to the scientific viewpoint of this article.

Scientific view: "Different disciplines are closely linked. New discoveries in one scientific field will certainly have an impact on other fields. "

Reference 1: Xie Piluo, a professor at department of mechanical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, noticed that the whirlpool of bath water was always counterclockwise. He boldly concluded that this must be related to the earth's rotation, and concluded that the northern hemisphere is counterclockwise, there will be no vortex at the equator, and the southern hemisphere is clockwise.

Reference 2: Biologist Michelson investigated the distribution of earthworms on the earth. He pointed out that there is a positive earthworm on the east coast of the United States and one on the west coast of Europe at the same latitude, but there is no such earthworm on the west coast of the United States, but he could not answer why. His paper attracted the attention of German geologist Wei Gena. Wei Gena believes that small earthworms are restricted in their activities and cannot cross the ocean. Its distribution just shows that the European continent and the American continent were originally connected and later split. Taking the geographical distribution of earthworms as an example, he wrote his masterpiece The Origin of the Mainland and the Ocean.

Reference 3: Biological survival skills in biological research have inspired scientists. The inventions of airplanes, submarines and steam engines are well known. Now scientists have invented a micro plane by imitating the structure of flies and a space probe by imitating the structure of cockroaches. Even by imitating the human visual network model, making miniature photoreceptors and putting them in the eyes of the blind can also bring about the recovery of vision. ...

Reference 4: The manufacturing industry has mastered the technology of polishing crystals and made them into lenses to magnify objects. The invention of microscope made biology take a big step forward, and people entered the era of observing cells.

Reference 5: Watt invented the steam engine, and later the internal combustion engine not only helped the industry, but also helped the whole world and all disciplines.

(This step focuses on learning and practicing the author's thinking method-being good at connecting and finding the internal connection between two seemingly unrelated things, which is an important feature of thinking innovation and a necessary prerequisite for research. If students have limited scientific examples, they can also expand on the influence between "different disciplines". )

Transition: By studying this article, we not only learned some scientific knowledge and viewpoints, but also learned the author's thinking methods, that is, creative thinking such as association, imagination, analysis and reasoning. After layers of reasoning and analysis, the author thinks that the reason of dinosaur extinction is "impact theory" rather than "volcano theory". Has he convinced you? In fact, this is just one of many inferences, not a conclusion.

3. Question: Contrast and contrast, please add a theory that you agree with on the topic of "dinosaur extinction".

Homework: Look up the information, choose one of the many "extinction theories" that you agree with, and write a short article with the method learned in this paper to explain your thoughts on the topic of "dinosaur extinction" and communicate with each other.

(Guide students to expand from in-class to out-of-class and read, explore, express, communicate and discuss in written form. In this way, students can learn something, learn something, and cultivate students' thinking methods of thinking and solving problems from the perspective of connection.

The information conveyed by these two popular science articles is not an objective conclusion, but a subjective view. To learn this kind of article, we should read it in an understanding way, understand the author's viewpoint in the connection between the text and life, and try to verify the text viewpoint with life experience. It is also necessary to read critically, start a "dialogue" with the author, question the author's point of view, discuss with the author, and activate thinking. )

Asimov's essay, two teaching designs and two teaching objectives

1. Understand the characteristics of scientific and technological discourse, explain the logical order of things clearly and clearly.

2. Contrastively analyze the explanatory objects and angles of the two articles, try to figure out the language, and realize that the language of this article is concise, logical and humorous.

3. Learning The author uses rich scientific knowledge, keen scientific vision and the spirit of exploring the unknown in depth to inspire students to study hard, not limited to success, dare to innovate, be good at innovation, and March into unknown scientific fields.

Lesson 65438

teaching process

First, the introduction of new courses.

For a long time, people have tried to explain the origin of land and sea on the earth and put forward various hypotheses. Now, geologists generally believe that 200 million years ago, all the lands on the earth were connected. Later, for some unknown reason, this super-old continent split in two, and then split apart, forming the subcontinent of North America and Eurasia, Antarctica, Africa, South America, Oceania, New Zealand and India. This is the theory of continental drift, which has caused a profound revolution in geology. From 65438 to 0986, the dinosaur fossils discovered in the Antarctic by experts from the Argentine Antarctic Institute provided strong evidence for this theory. Why is this? In this lesson, we will study two popular science essays by Asimov, a famous American popular science writer and science fiction writer.

Second, the new curriculum teaching

Goal-oriented Learning 1: Comparing the Explanatory Objects and Explanatory Angles

1. According to the text annotation, these two essays are arranged together in the original book, and they are both in the chapter of "Xinjiang Region" of Earth Science. What's the connection between these two essays in content? Ask the students to talk about their first impression of reading.

Clear: Both papers talked about the extinction of dinosaurs, and both proved that "different scientific fields are closely linked. The view that the discovery in one scientific field will definitely have an impact on other fields is that scientific discovery is used to support mutual support in scientific research.

2. Read the text and compare and analyze the explanatory objects and angles of the two short passages.

Clear: Dinosaurs everywhere explain the theory of slow but irresistible crustal movement, or the theory of plate tectonics. Explain that the angle is to prove the theory of "plate tectonics" by finding dinosaur fossils in Antarctica. Broken sand, the object of explanation is "dinosaur extinction", and the angle of explanation is to explore the reasons of dinosaur extinction through "broken sand".

Goal-oriented Learning II: Comparison and Interpretation of Views

The ubiquitous dinosaur explanation: the full text is divided into four parts. The first part is the paragraph 1, which is the logical basis of the whole article. The second part, paragraphs 2-7, introduces that dinosaurs are everywhere because the mainland is drifting. The second and third paragraphs introduce that dinosaur fossils have been found on all continents of the earth, such as Antarctica, "indicating that dinosaurs are indeed all over the world"; The discovery written in the fourth and fifth paragraphs has aroused the author's deep thinking. The author did not fix his thinking on the study of dinosaurs themselves, but "linked this discovery with the Antarctic continent". In paragraphs 6 and 7, the author thinks that "the mainland is drifting, not the dinosaurs themselves". The third part is 8- 12, which briefly introduces the plate theory and explains why there are dinosaur fossils on every continent. The fourth part is from 13 to 15, focusing on the knowledge of Antarctic dinosaurs again.

Lesson preparation notes

Other creatures have confirmed the correctness of this inference. In a word, the full text advances step by step from phenomenon to essence, showing the openness and rigor of thinking.

Description of broken sand: The full text is divided into four parts. The first part is the paragraph 1, which leads to the description object. The second part, paragraphs 2-6, discusses the extinction of dinosaurs, introduces two theories of "impact theory" and "volcano theory", and reveals the significance of studying this problem. The third part is 7- 1 1, which explains the origin of the time, focusing on its nature and providing scientific basis for excluding the "volcano theory". The fourth part is 12- 17. According to the scientific theory, it is further concluded that there must have been an impact in a timely place, and there must have been no volcanic movement, so it is concluded that the reason for the extinction of dinosaurs is impact.

Summary: Both articles reflect the openness and rigor of the author's thinking. "Other stones can be used to attack jade." Using scientific discoveries to prove each other's scientific research has opened a new window, which cannot but be praised by the author. Science needs passion and innovation!

second kind

teaching process

First, the introduction of new courses.

On the basis of mastering the content of the article, this lesson focuses on trying to figure out the language and feeling the author's unique language style.

Second, the new curriculum teaching

Goal-oriented learning 1: the role of supplementary explanation

1. Please find these four sentences in the text. What did you find?

(1) If you look at a map and put Africa and South America together, you will find how seamlessly they are put together.

In case a star hits the earth one day, we may know how to avoid such an impact.

(3) Very pure sand.

(4) You can also heat the diamond in vacuum to restore it to its original carbon state, but who wants to do so?

Clear: These sentences are supplementary explanatory words put in brackets by the author in his writing.

2. What are the functions of these sentences in brackets? Please explain.

Clear: (1) This sentence supplements the most obvious evidence of continental drift theory, that is, the coastline of South America and Africa is surprisingly consistent.

(2) This sentence seems absurd, but it is not nonsense. Although it is extremely rare for a star to hit the earth, it did happen in the history of the earth. The author makes this assumption to emphasize the practical significance of astronomical research.

(3) This is the explanation of "silicon dioxide", on the one hand, it points out that "silicon dioxide" is the scientific name of sand, which is easy to be understood and accepted; On the other hand, it is emphasized that only very pure sand can be called "silica", and ordinary sand contains impurities.

(4) This sentence has played an analogy role. Diamonds can be turned into ordinary carbon by high-temperature heating, and can be turned into ordinary sand by high-temperature heating when necessary, thus making things clear and easy to understand.

These supplementary explanations turn abstruse scientific concepts into simple introductions and rigorous scientific arguments into humorous analogies, which shows the characteristics of concise language, strong logic and humor in this paper. Students should learn and use for reference in future expository writing.

Goal Guidance II: Reasoning Process of Comparative Thinking

3. Ask students to write about the thinking and reasoning process of dinosaurs everywhere and crushed sand.

Clear: "Dinosaurs are everywhere": dinosaur fossils have been found in the ice and snow in Antarctica, indicating that there are dinosaurs on the Antarctic continent. But dinosaurs can't live in the cold environment of Antarctica. So how did these dinosaurs come from? Dinosaurs can't swim by themselves, but only think backwards, and the Antarctic continent drifts by itself.

Sand crushing: if there is ultra-high pressure, it will be timely; With timeliness, it is possible to introduce the existence of ultra-high pressure; A big impact on the earth will cause ultra-high pressure, so there may be a time; It can be restored to its original state at high temperature, so the high temperature generated by volcanic eruption will make it disappear; The fire caused by the big impact can also turn the time into ordinary sand; However, many of them will be hit and splashed into the stratosphere to avoid the high temperature and remain; It is found that the timely rock formation has a history of 65 million years, and 65 million years ago was the time when dinosaurs became extinct. Therefore, it is inferred that the extinction of dinosaurs may be caused by impact.

Summary: By studying this article, we not only learned some scientific knowledge, but also learned the author's thinking methods, that is, creative thinking such as association, imagination, analysis and reasoning. After layers of reasoning and analysis, the author thinks that the reason of dinosaur extinction is the impact theory rather than the volcano theory. Many people support this conclusion, but some people object. what do you think? Students are welcome to look for relevant information after class and continue to discuss this issue.

Asimov's Essays, Two Teaching Designs and Three Teaching Objectives

1, understand the logical order of the articles.

Through comparative reading, it can be clearly seen that this matter in different scientific fields is closely related and influenced each other.

3. Enhance students' scientific awareness and cultivate students' spirit of loving science and actively exploring natural mysteries.

Teaching focus

Understand the object, order and method of the two articles.

Teaching difficulties

Obviously, different scientific fields are closely linked and influence each other.

Class arrangement

1 class hour

Preview before class

1, dredge the text and read through two short articles.

2. Consult popular science books about dinosaurs and collect and sort out knowledge about dinosaurs.

teaching process

First, introduce questions.

Today we are going to read two articles to discuss a problem. The two articles are Dinosaurs Everywhere and Shattered Sand. One problem is related to dinosaurs. So, what problems do these two articles involve with dinosaurs? Let's go into the text together and explore the mysteries related to dinosaurs.

(design intent: set suspense and stimulate interest. )

Second, overall perception.

1. Read the text freely and check the preview.

2, overall perception, grasp the context structure of the article.

(Design intention: to prepare for the next comparative reading)

Students' learning activities: free reading, deskmate cooperation and division of structural levels.

Clear:

Dinosaurs are everywhere.

The first part (1) leads to the view that different scientific fields are closely related and influence each other.

The second part (2- 14) explores the reasons through the discovery of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica.

The third part (15) summarizes the discovery of Antarctic dinosaur fossils, which provides a basis for plate tectonic theory.

Shattered sand

In the first part (1-4), there are two theories about dinosaur extinction: impact theory and volcano theory.

The second part (5- 17) draws the conclusion that the reason of dinosaur extinction is not volcanic activity, but impact.

Third, comparative study.

1, study group cooperation exploration and thinking:

(1) What are the explanatory objects of the two short passages?

(2) From what angle did the analysis begin?

(3) In what order did the author explain it? What explanation methods are used?

(4) What professional scientific fields are involved in this paper?

(Design intention: cultivate cooperative inquiry ability, comparative reading ability and language induction and summary ability)

Students' learning activities: study in groups and choose representatives to answer questions.

Clear:

(1) plate tectonics theory/reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs

(2) The discovery of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica proves the theory of plate tectonics, and broken sand proves that the extinction of dinosaurs was caused by impact.

(3) Discovery of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica → Dinosaurs are everywhere → Dinosaurs will not migrate → Continental drift → Causes of dinosaur extinction → Impact and volcano theory → Formation nature in time → The reason of dinosaur extinction is impact.

(4) Archaeology, biology, geology/chemistry, geography, astronomy, biology

2. Integrate the inquiry results and solve the problems raised in the import process.

(1) Both articles talk about the same theme-dinosaurs, but they discuss different issues. One is about the ubiquity of dinosaurs, and the other is about the reasons for their extinction. So, what role does the same theme-dinosaurs play in these two short articles?

(2) What is the significance of the author's design?

(Design intention: to cultivate students' ability to integrate information)

Students' learning activities: thinking and answering questions

Clear:

(1) Foundation/Introduction and Conclusion

(2) Different scientific fields are closely linked and influence each other.

3. Teacher's summary

Both papers talked about the same theme-dinosaurs, but the main problems were different. Dinosaurs Everywhere talks about the ubiquity of dinosaur fossils in order to prove the correctness of another scientific theory. In the article "Broken Sand", the extinction of dinosaurs became the subject of discussion, and "Broken Sand" became evidence. Through these two short articles, the author proves a point: different scientific fields are closely linked, and new discoveries in one scientific field will definitely have an impact on other fields.

Fourth, expand the practice.

Combined with specific examples, this paper talks about the understanding of "the close relationship and mutual influence between different scientific fields"

(Design intention: to cultivate students' scientific inquiry spirit)

Five, the blackboard design

Plate Tectonic Theory/Everywhere/Dinosaur → Extinction Cause/Broken Sand

↓

Different scientific fields are closely related and influence each other.

Sixth, teaching reflection.

Comparing reading with two short essays is the biggest highlight of my class design. Through comparative reading, I can complete the analysis of the explanation object, explanation angle, explanation sequence and explanation method, so that students can clearly realize that different scientific fields are closely related and influenced each other.

The existing problem is that reading, analyzing and understanding two short articles in one class has a large classroom capacity, so it is very important to preview fully before class.