Appreciation of works 1
Qinhuai, the Qinhuai River, originated in the northeast of Lishui, Jiangsu, and crossed Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) to join the Yangtze River. From the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the Qinhuai River in Jinling has always been a place for rich and powerful people to have fun. This poem is the masterpiece of Du Mu's ancient poem Night Bo Qin Huai. The sigh of the land of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties contains feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
This poem is also skillful in the use of language. In the first sentence, the words "smoke", "water", "moon" and "sand" are connected in two words to form a hazy and cold water night scene, which renders the atmosphere and reveals sadness in the gloom. At the end of this article, I began to think about the past with the rich connotation of "near the restaurant". Qinhuai area was a famous amusement place in the Six Dynasties, and there were many restaurants, so the endless prosperity of song and dance banquets in the past was actually included in the poet's thoughts at this time. The last two sentences are caused by a poem "Flowers in the backyard", which expresses the poet's indignation at the "businesswoman" and indirectly satirizes the powerful people who don't pay attention to state affairs and are obsessed with money, that is, the rulers who lead a drunken life. The word "still singing" skillfully combines history with reality, which not only hurts time, but also is euphemistic and profound. Shen Deqian, a critic in Qing Dynasty, praised this poem as a "swan song", and the word "Jude" expressed the author's critical meaning and anxiety. Guan Shiming even called it a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty. Qinhuai River is a bustling place of singing and dancing in Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The poet moored the boat in the middle of the night, and from the other side came the song of yushu backyard flower, a merchant girl. Listening to the voice of national subjugation, I can't help but arouse the feeling of the rise and fall of the times. The last two sentences deeply condemn the rulers who only know how to attract songs and dances, buy laughter and pursue happiness, but don't take historical scenery as a mirror. This poem is a blend of scenery and scenes, and the hazy scenery contrasts with the faint sadness in the poet's heart.
This poem is sentimental on the spot. Jinling was once the capital of the Six Dynasties, and it was prosperous for a while. Today, seeing the decline of the Tang dynasty, those in power are fatuous and dissolute, and it is inevitable to repeat the mistakes of the Six Dynasties, and feel infinite sorrow. The first sentence describes the scenery, first trying to render the elegant night by the water; Two narratives, pointing out the location of parking at night; Three or four feelings, from the "near the restaurant" leads to the songs of merchant girls, restaurants have many songs, which are naturally free and easy; The decadent songs lead to "I don't know how to die and hate my country", attacking the rich and powerful people for indulging in debauchery, which has profound implications; The tune of "backyard flower" is quoted from "national subjugation and hatred", which uses Chen Houzhu's poems to lash out at the debauchery of powerful people, which is profound and sharp. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty. "Strong women in business don't know how to hate the country, and they also sing" backyard flowers "across the river." "Flowers in the Garden of Yushu" is said to have been written by Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties, and is called "the voice of national subjugation" by later generations. "Across the River" inherits a story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Jiangbei, and the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still addicted to singing, and finally he was captured and died. Literally, these two poems seem to criticize the singer, but in fact, the poet feels the decline of state affairs and the decline of the world in the late Tang Dynasty, criticizing those rulers who are addicted to singing and dancing and "don't know" that the country will die. The word "still singing" is meaningful, which skillfully links history, reality and imagined future, and shows the poet's concern and anxiety about the fate of the country. This poem was written by what the poet saw, heard and felt. The language is fresh and natural, and the conception is exquisite and meticulous. The whole collection of poems consists of scenery, events, feelings and meanings in one furnace, and the scenery is set for the feelings, and the feelings follow the scenery. Chen Houzhu's famine and national subjugation allegorized the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty, implicitly expressing the poet's deep thinking about history and deep concern for reality. With deep feelings and profound implications, it is known as a masterpiece in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. This poem shows the poet's bitter satire on the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty and his deep concern for the fate of the country. Such rich connotations and profound themes are contained in just 28 words, each of which is concise. The language of poetry requires conciseness. Only simplicity can be implicit, and only implicit can be seen. So subtlety and exquisiteness complement each other. This poem vividly and typically shows the breath of the late Tang Dynasty in the artistic conception of scene blending, reminds people of the fate of the late Tang Dynasty from Chen Houzhu's debauchery and national subjugation, and euphemistically and implicitly expresses the poet's profound thinking on history and reality, with profound content, deep feelings, endless implications and thought-provoking.
This is an impromptu work, which reveals the decadent life of the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty by writing the ancient poem Night Bo Qin Huai. The banks of Qinhuai River were prosperous places in the Six Dynasties, where rich and powerful people and poets indulged in debauchery and pleasure. The poet "Bo Qinhuai" Du Mu's "Ancient Poems in the Night", in the boundless misty waves of sand and moon, saw the colorful lights and heard the obscene songs and songs, and couldn't help but be moved by it. He suddenly thought of the death of his home country, closely combined the sigh of history with the thinking of reality, and thought about the fate of the late Tang Dynasty by the river and under the moon from Chen's decadent country. The whole poem contains feelings in the scenery, the artistic conception is sad, the feelings are deep and subtle, and the language is refined, which is called "the swan song" by Shen Deqian.
Appreciation of works ii
Bo Qinhuai Du Mu's ancient poetry is one of Du Mu's representative works, which is included in Complete Tang Poems (Volume 523). The following is the appreciation of this poem by Mr. Zhao, a professor at the College of Literature of Anhui Normal University.
Jiankang was the capital of the Six Dynasties, Qinhuai River flowed into the Yangtze River through the city, and there were many restaurants on both sides of the strait, which was the place where rich and bureaucratic literati feasted at that time. Although the capital of the Tang Dynasty was not in Jiankang, the scenery on both sides of Qinhuai River remained the same as before.
Some people say that it is rare to write a poem (Yan Yu's Pale Shi Lang Dialect). The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "Moon Water Situation" in the first sentence is related to the "Du Mu's Ancient Poetry in Qinhuai Night" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "Du Mu's Ancient Poetry in Qinhuai Restaurant". However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, it is necessary to have "Du Mu's ancient poems in Qinhuai at night" in order to see the scenery of "cold water in the smoke cage and sand in the moon cage". However, if you really turn it over, you will find that the tablet computer has no taste. The advantages of this way of writing poetry are as follows: firstly, it creates a very distinct environmental atmosphere, gives people a strong attraction, and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first (this is like "the cold water and sand cage on the moon"), and then look at the inscription on the corner (this is Du Mu's ancient poem "Night Bo Qin Huai"). Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.
"Night" Bo Qinhuai "Du Mu's ancient poems are close to the restaurant", which seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because the "night" is near Qinhuai, Du Mu's "Ancient Poetry" is "near the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.
A businesswoman is a singer who waits on others. What they sing depends on the taste of the audience. It can be seen that the poem's saying that "business women don't know the national subjugation and hate" is a kind of ballad, and the real "national subjugation and hate" is the appreciators in that building-feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The "backyard flower", namely "yushu backyard flower", is said to have been made by Chen Houzhu, a dissolute and wrong country in the Southern Dynasties. This decadent voice has made the Chen Dynasty perish. However, in this declining era, some people use this voice of national subjugation for fun instead of thinking about national affairs, which can't help but make poets worry that history will repeat itself. The word "across the river" is inherited from the story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Hebei, while the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still indulging in debauchery. The word "still singing" skillfully and naturally connects history, reality and imagined future into a line, which is meaningful. "Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but still sing" backyard flowers "across the river. They are called "swan songs" because of their beautiful and brisk style, showing bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.
source
Bo Qinhuai-Du Mu
original text
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.
Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.
English translation of the original text
Mist hangs over the cold stream, moonlight shines on the beach, and I am parked in the shadow of a riverside pub.
The girls there, without thinking of an extinct kingdom, happily repeated a song of flowers in the courtyard.
Keyword annotation
Selected from Von Fan Chuan's Collected Works, Volume 4. (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1978 Edition). Qinhuai River, that is, Qinhuai River, originates in the mountainous area between damao mountain in Jurong, Jiangsu Province and Lushan in Lishui East, and flows into the Yangtze River via Nanjing. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River.
Smoke: smoke.
Park: Park.
Qinhuai: Qinhuai River, which originates from damao mountain in Jurong, Jiangsu Province and the eastern foot of Lishui, flows into the Yangtze River through Nanjing. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River. All previous dynasties were bustling places for sightseeing and enjoyment.
Businessman: A singer who lives by singing.
Backyard flower: short for the song "yushu backyard flower". Emperor Chen () of the Southern Dynasties indulged in excesses and wrote this song for the sake of having fun with the beautiful women in the harem, which eventually led to national subjugation, so later generations called this song "the voice of national subjugation".
Translation 1
Haze pervades the vast cold river, and the moon shines on the white sand house. In the evening, I parked my boat by Qinhuai River, near the restaurant.
It seems that Jinling Genv doesn't know what the hatred of national subjugation is, but he is still singing the lewd song "Flowers in Yushu Back Garden" on the other side.
Translation 2
Blurred moonlight and light smoke enveloped the cold sea and white beach, and the boat was moored at Qinhuai restaurant on the shore at night.
The singer doesn't know what the revenge of national subjugation is, but he is still singing "Flowers in the Garden of Yushu" across the river.
Creation background
Du Mu, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, traveled around Qinhuai. On the boat, he heard the singer singing "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu", which was beautiful and swaying. Men and women sing in pairs, and their songs are sad, which is the voice of national subjugation. At that time, Chen Houzhu indulged in this lazy life for a long time, took national politics as a child's play, and finally lost his land. Although Chen Guo died, this decadent music was circulated and sung among Qinhuai singers, which made Du Mu very emotional. His poem said: These ignorant singers don't even understand the hatred of national subjugation, and they still sing this voice of national subjugation! Actually, this is an excuse. What he mocked was actually the politics of the late Tang Dynasty: ministers once again indulged in debauchery and soon followed in Chen Houzhu's footsteps. The corner of Qinhuai has such a deep sense of rise and fall, which shows that Jinling still has great influence when the national political center has moved to Chang 'an.
Du Mu was very concerned about politics in his early days, and he was worried about the riddled Tang Dynasty. He saw that the ruling clique was decadent and fatuous, that the buffer region was in a state of chaos, and that there were frequent border troubles. He deeply felt that social crises were everywhere and the prospects of the Tang Dynasty were worrying. This thought of worrying about the times and hurting the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. "Bo Qinhuai" and "Du Mu's Ancient Poems" were also produced on the basis of this idea. When he came to Qinhuai River, which was still a prosperous river at that time, he was deeply moved and wrote this poem when he heard the singer singing "backyard flowers". The poem says that Jinling singers "don't know how to hate the country" and sing the song "backyard flowers". In fact, this is the history that the author (Chen) finally perished because of the pursuit of debauchery and pleasure, which satirizes the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty who were ignorant and ignorant, and shows the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (AD 803-852), born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".