Side effects of levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules
1. Gastrointestinal reaction: abdominal discomfort or pain, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting.
2. Central nervous system reactions may include dizziness, headache, drowsiness or insomnia.
3. Allergic reaction: rash, itchy skin, occasional exudative erythema multiforme and angioneurotic edema. Photosensitive reaction is rare.
4. Occasionally:
(1) Seizure, mental abnormality, irritability, confusion, hallucination and tremor.
(2) Hematuria, fever, rash and other interstitial nephritis manifestations.
(3) Phlebitis.
(4) Crystalline urine is more common in high-dose applications.
(5) joint pain.
5. A few patients may have elevated serum transaminase, elevated blood urea nitrogen and decreased peripheral white blood cells, which are mostly mild and transient.
Observation on therapeutic effect of levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules
The main component of levofloxacin hydrochloride capsule is levofloxacin hydrochloride, which has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and strong antibacterial activity against most enterobacteriaceae bacteria and gram-negative bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It also has antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae, but it has poor effect on anaerobic bacteria and enterococci.
Levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules are suitable for infections caused by the following sensitive bacteria:
1. Urogenital system infections, including simple and complex urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis, gonococcal urethritis or cervicitis (including infections caused by enzyme-producing strains).
2. Respiratory tract infection, including acute attack of bronchial infection and pulmonary infection caused by sensitive gram-negative bacilli.
3. Gastrointestinal infection is caused by Shigella, Salmonella, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, etc.
4.typhoid fever.
5. Bone and joint infections.
6. Skin and soft tissue infections.
7. Systemic infection, such as septicemia.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that levofloxacin hydrochloride capsule has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, many indications and wide clinical application, and friends in need can use it with confidence.
Pharmacological and Toxicological Study on Levofloxacin Hydrochloride Capsules
pharmacological action
This product is levorotatory of ofloxacin, and its antibacterial activity is about twice that of ofloxacin. Its main mechanism is to inhibit the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase ⅱ) and hinder the replication of bacterial DNA, thus achieving antibacterial effect.
This product has the characteristics of broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial effect, and has strong antibacterial activity against most Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus, Shigella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other gram-negative bacteria. It also has a good antibacterial effect on some methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus hemolyticus and other gram-positive bacteria and Legionella, mycoplasma and chlamydia, but it has a poor antibacterial effect on anaerobic bacteria and enterococci.
Toxicological study
Toxicity of repeated administration: Rats were given this product orally at doses of 50, 200 and 800mg/kg for 4 weeks, but only animals in the 800mg/kg group showed neutropenia and increased M/E of bone marrow. Histopathology showed slight degeneration of the joint surface of limbs. After 4 weeks of oral administration to rhesus monkeys, animals in the dosage group of 100mg/kg showed salivation, diarrhea, slight weight loss and increased urine pH value. After 26 weeks of oral administration to rats, the pH values of drooling and urine in 80 and 320mg/kg dose groups increased. In the 320mg/kg group, the fecal output increased and the goblet cells of cecum mucosa swelled. After 26 weeks of oral administration to rhesus monkeys, there was no obvious toxic reaction at the doses of 10, 25 and 62.5mg/kg.
Effects on articular cartilage: Young and 3-4-week-old rats and 4-month-old beagle dogs were given orally for 7 days. When the dosage of Beagle dogs exceeded 300mg/kg, articular cartilage lesions occurred, and joint toxicity was easy to be found in young and young beagle dogs. Dogs aged 65438 0.3 months showed extremely slight combined toxicity at a dose of 40mg/kg after 7 days of oral administration. However, for 18-month-old dogs, intravenous injection of 14 days, at the dose of 30mg/kg, has no joint toxicity.
Reproductive toxicity: When the oral dose reaches 360mg/kg before pregnancy and early pregnancy, it has no effect on the reproductive capacity and fetus of female and male animals. The dose of 90mg/kg during organogenesis in rats has no obvious effect on fetuses and newborns. When rabbits take 50mg/kg orally, there is no embryo and fetus death, fetal growth retardation and teratogenesis. Oral administration of 360mg/kg to perinatal and lactating rats has no obvious effect on delivery, lactation and newborn of animals.
Phototoxicity: long-wave ultraviolet (320? 400nm), the phototoxicity of mice was studied with the change of auricle thickness as an index. Results When the oral dose reached 200mg/kg, there was no obvious abnormal change.
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