1. Causes of overweight pregnant women
1, poor eating habits, like to eat high-calorie food.
2, do not understand the importance of weight management. Some pregnant mothers think that weight management doesn't matter, it's no big deal, and obesity won't affect the baby, leading to obesity during pregnancy.
I don't know how to control my weight. Some pregnant mothers know that it is good to control their weight, but they are the type that get fat as soon as they eat, but they can't control their weight gain when they see it. "Drinking water can make you fat" and let it develop.
4, subconsciously control weight, but still failed to control. Although I have been trying to control my weight during pregnancy, I still can't control it. On the one hand, I am obese. On the other hand, I don't work hard enough, coupled with sleepiness and insufficient exercise, and my weight is easy to rebound.
5, worry about the baby's nutrition, in line with the principle of "one person to eat, two people to make up". During pregnancy, pregnant mothers think that eating more can supplement nutrition, and even add nutritional supplements without authorization. I don't know if it is most important to supplement key nutrition in the critical period, and balanced nutrition is the most important. In fact, the function of placenta is limited. Sometimes the mother's eating is not necessarily the child's growth, but the mother absorbs it herself.
6. Sleepiness and lack of exercise. Due to the influence of hormones, pregnant mothers sometimes feel sleepy, are spoiled by their families after pregnancy, are too lazy to do housework, and rarely create opportunities for exercise, resulting in slow weight gain.
2, the danger of overweight pregnant women
Many pregnant mothers turn a blind eye to the fact that they are overweight with the luck of different constitutions and pregnancy. However, doctors generally believe that pregnant women with high pre-pregnancy body mass index should control their weight gain during pregnancy, otherwise the risk of premature delivery will increase by 60%, the rate of dystocia will increase by 1 10%, and the rate of emergency cesarean section will increase by 1.5 times. In recent years, the incidence of macrosomia in China is as high as 7%- 10%, and the rate of cesarean section has remained high in recent years, reaching 50%-60% in many areas. The reason is that pregnant women are overweight. At the same time, overweight pregnant women increase the risk of their own complications. According to statistics, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus is 1.5-20 times higher than that of normal pregnant women, and the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension is 2-2/kloc-0 times higher.
Eating too much can't strengthen the baby's nutrition. Overweight of pregnant women not only brings problems of pregnancy and delivery, it is worth noting that the incidence of neonatal malformation increases by 35%-80%, the incidence of neural tube defects increases by 1 ~ 3 times, and the incidence of cryptorchidism increases by 1.5 times, which is also harmful to the baby after birth.
3. Pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome
Generally speaking, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome caused by overweight pregnant women has the clinical manifestations of hypertension, edema and proteinuria, which will develop into eclampsia in severe cases. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is the most likely cause of gestational diabetes, and it is likely to continue to be a diabetic after delivery. Even if gestational diabetes disappears, it may bring lifelong diabetes risk to children.
Fetus and uterus become larger with the increase of pregnancy. If the pregnant woman is overweight in the early stage of pregnancy, and the fetus is large or multiple pregnancies, it will increase the venous pressure in the legs, affect the circulation, hinder the venous return of the lower limbs, aggravate the edema of the lower limbs and form varicose veins.
Increase the risk of childbirth
Due to the excessive accumulation of overweight fat in pregnant women, the resistance of birth canal is large, the tissue elasticity is weakened, and muscle weakness is easy to cause uterine atony in pregnant women, which leads to unexpected situations such as uterine atony, massive bleeding and neonatal asphyxia during natural delivery, and dystocia occurs from time to time.
Secondly, because of the accumulation of fat, the abdominal wall is covered with fat. Obstetricians say that the field of vision is often not fully exposed during surgery, which increases the difficulty of taking out the fetus. Even if caesarean section is chosen, the fat tissue is thick and the wound tension is high, and fat liquefaction may occur, which makes it difficult for obese women to heal.
The anesthesiologist said: "It is difficult for pregnant women who are too fat to find their spinal structure. Anesthesiologists can only rely on experience, relying on the positioning of the cervical spine and the feel of puncture, which is undoubtedly very risky. "
Affect fetal development
The increase of sugar in blood makes placental artery harden, which will hinder the normal circulation of blood, and the fetus can't absorb maternal nutrition normally, resulting in fetal distress or developmental delay, which may be a low birth weight newborn. On the contrary, if the fetus eats too much sugar, pregnant women may give birth to huge babies. In medicine, full-term newborns who are overweight are called "macrosomia". According to the scientific definition made in China, a newborn with a birth weight of 4000 grams or more can be called a macrosomia, which will cause difficulties in delivery, easily lead to neonatal birth injury, lead to a high incidence of diabetes in adulthood, and also make fetal fat cells grow rapidly, increasing the probability of obesity in the future.
Therefore, the newborn is underweight or overweight, which extreme will bring bad influence to the child's future growth.
Being overweight during pregnancy will affect postpartum physical recovery.
It is found that if the weight gain during pregnancy does not exceed 16 kg, the postpartum body can recover smoothly, even if the weight gain is controlled at about 2 kg. If the weight gain during pregnancy exceeds 16 kg, the possibility of continuing obesity after delivery will double.
4. Weight range during pregnancy
Because being too thin or too fat has a bad effect on pregnant women, we should consciously control our weight within the standard range before pregnancy. The simple formula for calculating weight is my height (cm) minus 100 ~ 150, and multiplied by 0.9 to get my standard weight (kg). The weight is not absolute, and it can be up and down by 5 kilograms on the basis of calculating the weight. As long as it is within this range, it is normal.
At present, the weight obesity index is often used to judge whether the weight reaches the standard. If the pregnant woman's pre-pregnancy weight is within the normal range, it is beneficial to pregnancy; Otherwise, it is necessary to adjust or control and prepare for pregnancy as much as possible.
5. How do pregnant women control their weight?
(1) Remember that the daily diet should be high in protein and low in calories. Milk and dairy products, tofu and natto all contain high protein.
② The essential nutrition of pregnant women is basically absorbed through dinner. As for snacks, you can regard them as a part of dinner, but they can't completely replace dinner. Try to choose low-calorie ones.
Don't go on a hunger strike during pregnancy, you must eat three meals a day, otherwise the fetus may be malnourished.
Proper exercise and rest are very important. But you should consult your doctor before you start exercising. If you don't have the habit of exercise, walking is the safest for yourself and your fetus.
Try to absorb nutrients from a balanced diet every day. Nutritional supplements, such as folic acid and iron, are only used when the daily diet is insufficient. Don't want to be so fat that you can't eat dinner. Use nutritional supplements to supplement your nutrition. "This idea is wrong.
6. Don't eat diet food. Because many diet foods contain ingredients that stimulate the intestines, they will cause diarrhea and have adverse effects on themselves and the fetus.
Causes of overweight of pregnant women
Weight gain during pregnancy is inevitable. The increased weight includes not only the weight of fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid during pregnancy, but also the increase of pregnant women's breasts and uterus, and the increase of whole body blood volume, all of which are within the normal range. If women gain too much weight during pregnancy, both obese pregnant mothers and non-obese pregnant mothers can find out the reasons from the most common and easily caused daily diet.
The calories consumed by pregnant mothers mainly come from protein, fat and carbohydrate. Among them, 1g fat can produce 9 kilocalories, which is much larger than the 4 kilocalories produced by 1g protein and carbohydrates. Cooking with frying in daily diet will lead to excessive fat intake and excess energy in diet. And most pregnant mothers eat a lot of nuts, seeds and potatoes. Although it doesn't look as high in calories as fried food, it will also be converted into fat and stored in the body. Due to excessive intake, the weight will increase rapidly. If you gain too much weight, you should also pay attention to the amount of oil and sugar that may be brought in when preparing staple food.
Pregnant women gain weight too fast. In addition to body fat accumulation, weight gain is the most obvious. Some pregnant women may also cause water retention in the body due to diseases, including excessive aldosterone secretion caused by pregnancy poisoning. The main manifestations of pregnancy poisoning are edema, proteinuria and hypertension. Studies have pointed out that the weight gain of hypertensive pregnant women is higher than that of normal pregnant women.
In addition, many pregnant mothers are always worried that the fetus is not nutritious enough and add nutritional supplements without authorization, which is wrong. In addition, during pregnancy, the whole person becomes lazy, sleepy and lacks exercise. He doesn't know how to control his weight and let it develop. No wonder his weight soared.
6, pregnant women's weight gain too fast.
Excessive weight gain during pregnancy will lead to macrosomia, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension and other problems. Studies have pointed out that although fetal abnormalities in overweight people are not common, the incidence of caesarean section is still high. When the weight gain during pregnancy exceeds 20 kg, the caesarean section rate can be as high as 60%, accompanied by high pregnancy. Especially in the second half of pregnancy, abnormal weight gain is the main symptom. One of the diagnostic criteria of pregnancy-induced hypertension formulated by the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology is that it is increased by more than 500g per week, and it is considered that the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in pregnant women above 13- 15 g is higher.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a big problem that threatens the health of mother and baby. An important reason for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus by glucose screening test and glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is that the weight gain during pregnancy is too much and too fast. About six or seven months after pregnancy, if the weight of pregnant women grows too fast, the bloated body will inevitably need islet cells to secrete more insulin to maintain the metabolism and storage of sugar, fat and protein in the body. Insulin island resistance leads to fat accumulation and weight gain in the body, and weight gain aggravates insulin resistance, thus entering a vicious circle.
When the baby grows up, the health will be affected by the excessive weight gain of pregnant women. Wang Zilian, director and chief physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, said that the excessive weight gain of pregnant women will lead to various complications and increase the probability of giving birth to a huge fetus, which is often more likely to suffer from hypertension, diabetes and heart disease in the future than normal-weight fetuses. It is generally believed that common chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease, are all characteristics of fetal origin. Studies have shown that when the weight gain during pregnancy exceeds 18kg, the incidence of macrosomia will exceed 10%, which is more likely to develop into childhood and adult obesity and suffer from quite a few diseases.
7. How do pregnant women control their diet?
1. Eat healthily to prevent excessive weight gain.
The key to weight control is to eat less sugar and oil, less sugary foods and fruits with high sugar content. It's best to eat only one every day. If you want to eat more, you can use tomatoes, cucumbers and colored peppers instead. Used for sugary drinks such as fruit juice, and sweets such as bread, biscuits, ice cream, popsicles, cakes and chocolates. Adhere to the principle of "don't eat or drink"; Drink milk and soybean milk without sugar. Remember to eat less greasy food and more foods rich in protein and vitamins.
Whole grains contain a lot of plant protein and vitamins, and the daily staple food is mainly whole grains, with no more than 5-6 Liang per day. In addition, it is emphasized that the varieties of staple foods should be as diverse as possible. For example, we can cook whole grains rice, with red beans, millet, black rice, rice and corn residue cooked together. When eating porridge, you can put some chestnuts, red dates, yams, medlar, tremella, mung beans, red beans, soybeans, black beans, sesame seeds, walnuts and so on in turn.
Vegetables contain a lot of vitamins and folic acid, which is beneficial to the absorption of calcium, iron and cellulose in the body and prevents constipation. Eat vegetables according to the season and local conditions, eat more fresh vegetables and eat more green leafy vegetables.
Although the living standard is high, you can generally eat whatever you want, but if pregnant women gain too much weight, they should stop eating some supplements and nutrients appropriately and selectively eat high-quality protein food, such as fish, eggs and milk. All kinds of nuts contain protein, trace elements and low-density fatty acids, which are the best food for the fetus and pregnant women, but we should also pay attention to the right amount.
Eat less and eat more.
Add some foods, such as nuts, milk, eggs, bean products, yogurt and so on. Every morning 10, 3 pm, before going to bed at night, so that excessive sugar will not be converted into fat, so that you will not be too hungry all day, and all useful nutrients will be used for fetal development. Once you have dinner, you should keep asking yourself, "Are you still hungry?" If you are not hungry, you don't have to eat, because if you are not hungry until you are full, the extra food will make your stomach swell, causing the diaphragm to rise and oppress your heart. Pregnant women will feel uncomfortable, and the extra nutrition will turn into fat accumulation, especially in the late pregnancy. Eat less and eat more meals.
3. Pay attention to your diet
Chew slowly every time you eat, and chew carefully. Don't gobble and eat too fast, which not only increases the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, but also is not conducive to digestion. So one of the measures taken is to avoid using large plates to hold food and use small plates instead. People's hunger becomes obvious at night. In fact, midnight snack is also the enemy to maintain weight. Eating supper two hours before going to bed will make food lack digestion, and fat will easily accumulate in the body, making people fat.
Another special situation is that pregnant women are used to saving and insist on eating food that their families can't eat, even if they are full. Here to remind such pregnant women, try not to do this during pregnancy, and don't gain weight because of austerity.
8. Foods you can't eat during pregnancy
1, raw beans: beans such as mung beans, lentils, red kidney beans and white kidney beans can cause poisoning in the case of fresh or incomplete heating.
2, raw soybean milk: raw soybean contains toxic ingredients, if you eat uncooked soybean milk, it will cause food poisoning.
3. Cassava: The roots, stems and leaves of cassava contain toxic substances. If you eat raw or undercooked cassava or drink its soup, it will cause poisoning, and its toxin will cause nerve paralysis, even permanent paralysis.
4. Germinated potato: The toxin Solanum nigrum in the germinated part of potato is tens to hundreds times higher than its fleshy part. Once eaten by mistake, it will cause mild disturbance of consciousness and dyspnea, and severe cases may die of heart failure and respiratory center paralysis.
5. Fresh day lily: Day lily contains colchicine, which can cause toxic symptoms such as dry throat, heartburn and hematuria. Daylily needs to be cooked before eating, and then boiled with boiling water before cooking.
6, green tomatoes: green tomatoes contain toxic substances Solanum nigrum, eating this immature green tomato, the mouth has a bitter feeling, after eating, there may be poisoning symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, and eating raw is more dangerous.
7. Rotten ginger: Rotten ginger produces a highly toxic safrole. People who eat this toxin, even in a small amount, will cause liver cell poisoning and degeneration.
8. Raw bamboo shoots: Fresh bamboo shoots contain natural toxin cyanosides, and eating raw or undercooked bamboo shoots may also cause food poisoning.