According to the available data, the early plasters were made of animal fat alone or based on animal fat, mixed with other drugs, for external use and some for internal use. Most of them are called ointment, horse ointment, tapir ointment and prescription ointment. For example, Ling Shu Wan: Mi Wan is treated with bian Shi. If you want to be slim, use a plaster shop. It's been six days, so I don't need to pack it. "Lingshu Jin Jing Chapter": For the longitudinal relaxation of tendons and veins, "use hemp ointment (ointment) to treat it, and use white wine and cinnamon to slow it down. It should be pointed out that the tapir cream, horse cream and fat cream here may be mostly pure animal fat. Because they are often used in coatings, they are also used to describe white. For example, in the Su-language chapter on behalf of Musashi, "white desire is like ointment." Mawangdui silk book "Fifty-two Diseases Prescription" is based on animal fat, combined with other drugs to treat diseases. For example:
If the wound is not like (scar), take the ointment, Yan Heye, and re-treat.
Golden wound, formula (fat) cream, black beak, all fried, Also (give).
To make Huang Xi (Qin) licorice half-cooked, it is enough to stir it with cream. Boil, that is, go to cloth foot (catch), go to (express) its juice, fu.
Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, used a lot of soup and pills and occasionally used ointment in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. For example, "only when the limbs feel heavy, that is, to guide acupuncture, ointment should not block the nine orifices." According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo was healed in four or five days and one month after the operation. The "ointment" and "magic ointment" here are probably not pure animal fat, but plasters containing drugs.
Famous for plasters, see Wuwei medical slips in Han Dynasty.
During the period of 1972, cultural relics workers excavated a number of lost medical prescriptions of Han Dynasty in Hanpotan, Wuwei County, Gansu Province. According to the textual research of funerary objects, the age of tombs in the Han Dynasty can be traced back to the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to Zhong Fang's 84 B bamboo slips "General Wei Jian Geng", Kao Geng was a general in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was named General Jianwei when Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty was appointed. He died in the 13th year of Jianwu (AD 37) (Biography of Geng in the Later Han Dynasty). It can be inferred that the medical achievements of these bamboo slips were earlier than 37 AD. At the same time, according to Zhang Ji's Preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Jian 'an has not been ten years, so Zhang Ji's Treatise on Febrile Diseases should have been written before Jian 'an ten years in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 205). In that case, these doctors are many years earlier than Treatise on Febrile Diseases 100. 57 ~ 67, 88 A, 89 A and 89 B in this batch of medical slips all record diseases treated with plaster. The prescription not only records the diseases to be treated, but also records the compatibility, weight and preparation method of the plaster. This is the earliest plaster prescription named "Plaster" seen today. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, plaster was widely used, and its making method was greatly improved, and it gradually evolved from animal fat ointment to black plaster. This paper focuses on the earliest name of plaster and its previous evolution, so I won't repeat it here.
Because Wuwei Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty were simply annotated by the collator, the arrangement and punctuation of bamboo slips of Qianjin Plaster Prescription are as follows, and the places that the collator did not annotate or annotate and made mistakes were corrected.
Attached is the original gypsum:
The prescription of Ye Qianjin ointment (1) is: four liters of Sichuan pepper, one liter of Gong Qiong, one liter of Atractylodes macrocephala, and thirty aconites. Everything is fifty-seven, and the father puts it on bronze and dyes it with three liters of chun acyl. When he died, he took three pounds of pig fat and the first decoction 58 (3). First, draw 300 yellow eggs in the middle of the road. Divide the medicine into five parts (4) Draw 59 strokes among the eggs. Thin is the sum. If it is above the sky, the center is as big as money. Dry coating, such as 60 years ago. Third, get rid of the old medicine. Those who don't do it will do it (5), and those who have already done it won't get a masterpiece, but take it without food (6). 6 1, swallowed, uncomfortable, confidant swallowed (7), blood swallowed, teeth swallowed (8), teeth swallowed, dizziness (9), and got a nasty wound on the nose (65). You can also swallow it, which is as big as 64 wild jujubes. If you swallow a little, it will benefit your intestines. Those who rub it stop at three things. This side is not just a woman's milk. 65□ If you swallow it, the dragon will get angry, and the medicine bag will plug your ears and relax every day. Jin Chuang painted it, and his head stirred up the wind for 66 times, but his three fingers rubbed it and swallowed it, smearing evil spirits. This plaster is very good. Don't pass it on. 67 (□□□□ The world is very good, it is all in it, so don't pass it on. )
(1) This article is selected from Wuwei Medical Han Bamboo Slips published by Cultural Relics Publishing House (1975). □ refers to the number of words that have been eroded or are still incomprehensible. Smelting and configuration. That is, a very valuable plaster prescription was prepared. Medical bamboo slips often have the words "Qianjin" or "Very Good" at the beginning or end of the prescription, indicating that the prescription is effective and valuable.
2 fruit, that is, a star. Smelting: mashing and crushing. Jane 15 "the three-fingered club in the blacksmith's shop"
(3) Acyl, "Pian Yu Oilcloth" "Acyl, acid also." "The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang": "Or begging for help, begging for help to neighbors." Sparse: "acyl, vinegar also. "Chun acyl, that is, strong vinegar. Death: When you die, you pass by. Time, day and night. The diaphragm on the pivot: "Those who go down the diaphragm will come out after eating. "This, Xi's foreign words, * * * boar. This pig fat is "paste" in Fifty-two Sick Prescriptions of Silk in Mawangdui Han Tomb, that is, male lard.
(4) yellow eggs: yolk. Wu, raise your glass. If you succeed, reading will flourish. 5: 21, the score in bamboo and silk indicates. Bi, square inch Bi. One fifth, that is, one fifth of a square inch. This expression of music score can also be found in silk manuscripts of Mawangdui Han Tomb and bamboo slips of Shuihudi Qin Tomb. Fifty-two prescriptions for diseases 1 15 Jane's Twenty Minutes of Salt for a Bucket, and Eighteen Laws of Qin Law: "In the same soup, twenty-two minutes of salt makes two. The representation of this score is not found in ancient books handed down from ancient times.
(5) Painting: Painting is the original sketch version. Yong, tong carbuncle. Carbuncle, swollen place. Agriculture is pronounced pus. (Steal from above+cheat from below), the more vulgar. Bamboo slips also say "steal". "Juyan Han Bamboo Slips Series" Bamboo Slips 427 "is a law to steal the registration of illness, not to steal the registration. 」
(6) [Zhu] Cai: Zhu, the organizer does not know. The shape of the word "Zhu" in the board is cursive, which is also found in the Jiabian of Juyan Han bamboo slips. It should be interpreted as "Zhu" and pronounced as "Zhu". Pickled pickles "Book of Rites", "Notes on Tao Zhu Meihu" and "Ying Da Shu": "Zhu, Yan Ye. It's called Taoli. That is, today's Tibetan peaches and plums are also hidden. Just don't eat spicy pickles. Collection and arrangement of medical education network
(7) Yong: The organizer thinks it is a variant of "pain", wrong. The variant of courage is courage, not pain. Shuowen: "Brave, gas also. Gu Wenyong is from the heart. " Bamboo Slips of Qin Tomb in Sleeping Tiger Land: "Strong can decline, brave can bend, just can be soft. "Hey, throat.
(8) Dry: The collator failed to interpret and check the chart, and the handwriting is still legible, which is the same as the calligraphy of 12 "Dry Angelica" and 60 "Dry Medicine" and should be interpreted as "dry".
(9) Dizziness: Dizziness, the plate is "human days". In ancient books, man, nature and misunderstanding. "Book Pastoral Oath", "Abandoning a wife and thinking of her husband". Wang's Jing Yi Wen Shu: "Faint, contemptuous. "Dizzy is blood." A sea series: "blood is evil, nosebleeds." 」
(10) Evil: The font of the plate was a popular writing method in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, which is the same as the word "evil" in Li Bian Duo Yun and Yang Jun Shimen Fu, and should be interpreted as evil. Bing Wang's note in Su Wen's Four Qi Tunes the Spirit and Evil Qi Can't Come Out: "Evil is harmful to qi. 」