Banana is a famous tropical fruit. At present, many kinds of edible bananas are mostly evolved by mutation, selfing and hybridization of primitive wild species, namely, pointed-braced bananas and long-stemmed bananas. The dwarf banana cultivated in China is triploid of pointed-bud banana, and plantain and plantain are triploid hybrids.
First of all, briefly introduce bananas:
Banana is a large perennial herb monocotyledonous plant. Its underground stem is a stout bulb from which roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and sucking buds (for reproduction) grow.
Bananas like high temperature and humidity, generally grow at 20 ~ 35℃, and the optimum temperature is 24 ~ 32℃. The critical temperatures of organs are 10 ~ 12℃ for leaves, 13℃ for fruits and 15℃ for roots. The annual average temperature is above 265438 0℃, which is the main distribution area of bananas, and a few are distributed below 20℃. Banana plants have high water content, large leaf area and large transpiration, so the water demand is also large. The average monthly moisture content of bananas is 200 ~ 300mm, at least not less than 50mm. Bananas need plenty of sunshine, but not too much. It is reported in the literature that when the light intensity increases from 2000 lux to 10000 lux, the photosynthesis increases rapidly, but when the light intensity increases from 10000 to 30000 lux, the photosynthetic efficiency increases slowly. Insufficient light will lead to poor luster and flavor of fruits. Bananas have no main roots, while normal plants have 200 ~ 300 fibrous roots. 10 ~ 30 cm soil layer is the main distribution layer of root system. Bananas have high plant height and shallow roots, and are very sensitive to wind, and are easily affected by typhoons and strong winds. It is observed that when the wind speed reaches 25 ~ 30 km/h, the leaves can be severely torn, when the wind speed is 40 ~ 65 km/h, the false stems are often broken, and when the wind speed is 100 km/h, the banana orchard can be completely destroyed. Bananas have extensive adaptability to soil, but alluvial soil or humus loam is the most suitable. PH 4.5 ~ 7.8 can be planted, but pH 6.0 is the most suitable.
Banana adopts asexual propagation, and its seedlings include sucking seedlings and tissue culture seedlings. (1) There are three kinds of bud-sucking seedlings, namely: ragged buds (which were sucked before beginning of winter, and some scales died like ragged leaves after winter, hence the name), red bamboo shoots (which were sucked after spring, and their leaf sheaths were red, hence the name), and flying over mountains (which were sucked from the heads of old bananas harvested for a long time, also called water buds), among which ragged buds were used. (2) Tissue culture seedlings grow neatly and are suitable for planting when the leaf age is 6 ~ 10 leaves. Tissue culture seedlings are easy to mutate, have weak growth potential and poor stress resistance, and should be carefully managed in the early stage of growth.
The high-quality and high-yield techniques of banana (anti-season banana), cultivated banana, pink banana, dragon tooth banana and tissue-cultured banana (in vitro seedling) vary with seasons and varieties.
Second, the distribution area:
China is one of the ancient countries that grow bananas in the world. At present, most of the main banana varieties planted abroad are handed down from China. Bananas are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas within the latitude of 30 degrees in the east, west and southern hemisphere. Bananas are grown in 130 countries in the world, among which Central America has the highest yield, followed by Asia. Bananas in China are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Yunnan and Hainan, with a small amount planted in Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing. Guangdong mainly produces Zhanjiang, Maoming, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Guangzhou and Chaozhou. Guangxi mainly produces Lingshan, Pubei, Yulin, Nanning and Qinzhou, while Fujian is mainly concentrated in Zhangpu, Pinghe, Nanjing, Changtai, Zhaoan, Hua 'an, Xiao Yun, Longhai, Xiamen, Nan 'an, Putian and Xianyou. Taiwan Province Province mainly produces bananas in Kaohsiung and Pingtung, followed by Taichung and Taitung.
Third, the significance of training:
Banana fruit is sweet, rich in carbohydrates and rich in nutrition. According to the analysis, each 100g pulp contains 20g of carbohydrate, 0.23g of protein/kloc-0, 0.66g of fat, 0.9g of crude fiber, 0.7g of inorganic salt, 70% of which is water, and vitamins A, B 1, B2 and B2.
Banana fruit is not only used as fruit, but also used as food in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and America. Banana fruit can be made into various processed products and extracted essential raw materials besides fresh food; Banana plants have high medicinal value: the fruit is cold, which can slide the large intestine, relieve constipation and moisten the lungs; Stem and leaf can induce diuresis and treat edema and beriberi; Mashed roots can cure sores, fever and dysentery; Flower bud can cure hematemesis and hematochezia. Fresh stems, sucking buds and male buds are also rich in nutrients and can be used as pig feed after crushing. Fibers from pseudostems can be used to make ropes, bags and paper. In short, bananas, as fruits and grains, can meet the needs of consumers and play a role in getting rid of poverty and becoming rich in rural areas in the south.
Four, nutrition and medicine:
1, nutritional value:
From the point of view of nutrition, banana is a kind of beneficial fruit rich in starch.
(1) Several miraculous effects of bananas on the body;
Bananas are "civilians" in tropical fruits. They are cheap, sweet and delicious, and they are "regular customers" in people's fruit bowls. Do you know what other functions bananas have? Today, let's listen to a nutritionist.
On the playground, especially in some "time-consuming" sports competitions, such as tennis competitions, players are sometimes seen peeling bananas to eat during breaks. Is it to fill the stomach or to replenish energy?
When exercising, you should not eat too much. The main purpose of eating bananas halfway is to make up for the rapid loss of energy in the body.
Nutritionists say that football and tennis players like to eat bananas before the game, which helps them improvise. From the point of view of nutrition, banana sugar can be quickly converted into glucose, which is immediately absorbed by the human body and is a rapid energy source.
Bananas are high-potassium foods, and potassium ions can enhance muscle strength and endurance, so they are especially loved by athletes.
Bananas help lower blood pressure.
Nutritionists say that potassium has an inhibitory effect on sodium in human body. Eating more bananas can lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that eating two bananas a day can effectively reduce blood pressure 10%.
(2) Not everyone is fit to eat:
Bananas have high nutritional value, but not everyone is suitable to eat them. Nutritionists say that bananas are high in potassium, and people with acute and chronic nephritis and renal insufficiency are not suitable to eat more. It is suggested that these patients should limit themselves to eating half a banana if they eat bananas every day. In addition, the sugar content of bananas is high, and a banana contains about 120 calories (equivalent to half a bowl of white rice). People with diabetes must also pay more attention to not taking too much.
Nutritionists say that bananas are easy to be damaged and blackened by collision and extrusion, and bacteria are easy to breed at room temperature, so it is best to discard them. In addition, when the elderly eat bananas, don't gobble them for fear of choking.
2, medicinal research:
From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, bananas are sweet and cold, which can clear away heat and moisten intestines and promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, but they are not suitable for people with spleen deficiency and diarrhea. There is always a reasonable explanation for everything. Bananas are cold, and according to the principle of "those who are hot are cold", they are most suitable for people who are hot and dry. People with hemorrhoid bleeding and people with hot and restless fetus can eat raw banana meat.
But it is precisely because bananas are cold that people who are prone to deficiency and cold had better avoid them. For example, people with stomach cold (light mouth and bloating), deficiency cold (diarrhea and dizziness), nephritis (also deficiency cold) and swollen feet during pregnancy, it is best not to eat bananas raw. Banana meat can't be eaten unless it is cooked, and its coolness is reduced. As for colds and coughs, bananas are not edible, but it is acceptable to steam bananas before eating.
The folk prescription is more effective to treat chronic cough with banana stewed rock sugar; Cook wine with bananas as a diet. Modern medicine suggests that banana can cure hypertension because it is rich in potassium, which can balance the adverse effects of sodium and promote the growth of cells and tissues. Banana can be used to treat constipation because it can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis. Most interestingly, German researchers said that bananas can cure depression and emotional anxiety because they can promote the secretion of endorphins in the brain.
In short, people who are hot and dry can eat a banana a day, but if they are afraid of bananas catching cold, they can choose to eat banana (which has stronger laxative power) and imperial bananas.
Many mothers like to give their children bananas when they are constipated, which is absolutely correct. Nutritionists say that bananas are rich in soluble fiber, namely pectin, which can help digestion and regulate gastrointestinal function.
Bananas are also effective for people who suffer from insomnia or emotional stress, because protein contained in bananas contains amino acids, which has a calming effect. So eating bananas before going to bed can have some calming effects.
Chinese medicine says that bananas are cold and sweet, and their nutritional value has long been recorded in ancient books. Their effects include clearing away heat and toxic materials, relaxing bowels, moistening lung and relieving cough, lowering blood pressure and nourishing. They are all high-quality fruits, which are really cheap and good.
However, people with cold bananas, stomachache and spleen and stomach deficiency should eat less.
Five, life application:
1, several "ancient methods" of eating bananas
According to ancient books, this paper introduces several "ancient methods" of eating bananas, which are quite "fresh" for modern people:
(1) Baking two bananas with skins on the fire and eating them while they are hot can improve hemorrhoids and hematochezia;
(2) If the hands and feet are chapped due to cold, you can apply banana peel on the affected area, and the skin will be smooth after a few days;
(3) For people with dry lungs, dry cough without phlegm, and dry mouth and nose, peel three bananas, cut them into sections, add crystal sugar and a bowl of water, stew for one hour, and then eat them with dregs to moisten and dispel dryness.
2, banana skin care new function:
(1) banana cream:
When you are outside, your skin will inevitably be stimulated by dust, cold wind and ultraviolet rays. Become dry and dull, which will accelerate aging invisibly. Instead of spending a lot of money on skin care products, it is better to spend a few dollars on a banana DIY skin care product!
Material: 1 banana; 2 spoonfuls of milk; 2 teaspoons of strong tea
Exercise:
① Mash bananas first.
② Add milk and strong tea respectively.
(3) Mix the mixture slowly and evenly into a paste.
Usage:
First, wash your face with clean water.
(2) Then paste the banana on your face for 10 to 15 minutes, and then wash it with warm water.
Secret:
Strong tea can only be used after cooling.
It is better to use cream instead of milk.
If you want to save time, you can break bananas with a blender.
(2) Banana Mask
If you have dry skin, you will be very upset every winter and spring. You only need to do banana mask twice a week according to the following steps to properly moisturize and improve dry skin.
Material: 1 banana; 3 tablespoons olive oil
Exercise:
① First, mash bananas into a semi-paste.
② Add olive oil.
③ Mix them into paste.
Usage: Apply banana cream to face, avoid around eyes and lips, and wash off with warm water after 15 minutes.
Secret:
① Peaches instead of bananas can also moisturize dry skin.
(2) Because bananas will turn black after peeling, nutrients will be lost, so the time for making masks should not be too long.