1, Zhou Dynasty
During the Zhou Dynasty, the son of heaven was king and his wife was queen.
The king has a queen, three wives, nine wives, twenty-seven wives and eighty-one women.
After his reign, he was the same king;
The lady sat at the ceremony;
Nine wives teach four virtues;
Women in the world are the main mourners, victims and guests;
The female royalty is in Wang Zhiyan's bed.
2. Qin dynasty
Qin Shihuang unified the world and created the titles of emperor and queen.
Empress Dowager Cixi is called Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager Cixi is called Empress Dowager, and Empress (wife) is called Empress. All concubines are called ladies.
3. Western Han Dynasty
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, it followed the title of "mother" in the Qin Dynasty. Also set up the title of beauty, lover, eight sons, seven sons, long ambassador, small ambassador and other concubines.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Jieyu, Hubei, Hua and Chongyi were added.
By the time of Emperor Han Yuan, Zhao Yi was newly dressed.
The level of concubines has been expanded to fourteen. Each has a title:
Zhao Yi is the prime minister, and the title is inferior to that of a vassal.
Jieyu regards Shang Qing, and Shang Qing wins the battle.
She sees two thousand stones in her eyes, which is better than Shanhaiguan.
Luo Hua Shi is really 2000 stone, which is bigger than the big one.
Beauty sees two thousand stones, less is better than more.
Eight children saw a thousand stones, more than the middle.
Looking at a thousand stones is more important than looking at the left.
Seven sons see eight hundred stones, which is longer than the right.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, longer than Zuo Shu.
A dragon messenger looks at 600 stones, which is more than five doctors.
Rely less on 400 stones and more on the masses.
Five senses see three hundred stones.
Shunchang saw 200 stones.
No trickle, * * * harmony, entertainment, forest protection, make good use of it, all people who stay overnight regard it as the best stone.
Upper-class and middle-class families depend on food and salary.
Under the five senses, he was buried outside Sima Gate.
In the Han dynasty, only the empress of the first dynasty could be honored as the empress dowager. If the heir emperor was born by a concubine or adopted from the royal family, his biological mother may not be called the Empress Dowager. But there are some exceptions. For example, Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty was adopted by the son of a warlord, his grandmother was honored as the empress dowager, and his biological mother was honored as the empress dowager. In addition, Wang He, the mother of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty who was honored as the Empress Dowager, and Empress Dowager Zhao also became the Empress Dowager. There were four wonders in the palace at that time.
4. Wang Mang's new dynasty
During Wang Mang's new dynasty, various names emerged one after another in pursuit of retro. He gave up the title of concubines in the Han Dynasty, imitated the pre-Qin period, and created four titles: harmony, concubines, beauty and royal.
Three, nine, twenty-seven and eighty-one.
5. Eastern Han Dynasty
After the founding of New China, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty simplified the red tape, and the titles of concubines * * * included four levels: imperial concubine, beauty, imperial secretary and vegetable girl.
Noble people give gold seals and purple ribbons, and their salaries are dozens of millet. Beauty, imperial secretary, vegetable girl, no title, no salary.
It is worth mentioning that in the Western Han Dynasty, after the emperor's wife became king, his mother became the queen mother. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the decrease of fiefs of princes, the queen was renamed princess and the queen mother was renamed king.
In the Han Dynasty, princes' wives and concubines were divided into three classes. The wives were called concubines, and the concubines were called obedient girls and obedient children.
Second, the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties
1, Three Kingdoms
(1) Wei
When Cao Cao was a Wang Wei, there were five titles of concubines under the empress: Madam, Zhao Yi, Cuo, Hua Rong and Beauty.
Wendy Cao Pi added five categories: Guidi, Shuyuan, Xiurong, Shuncheng and Lover.
Cao Rui, Ming Di promoted Shu Fei, Zhao Hua and Yixiu to the third class and abolished the title of Shuncheng.
Title of concubines:
Your wife, your wife, the queen of rank, your title ignores you;
Shu Fei's status depends on the country, and he wins the princes;
Shu Yuan is an ancient literati, and the cliff is a county official;
Hou of Zhaoyibi County;
Zhaohuabi Township Hou;
Repair capacity is not as good as pavilion;
A break is better than Shanhaiguan pass;
In my eyes, there are two thousand stones;
Hua Rong regards two thousand stones as true;
Beauty sees two thousand stones;
Love is blind.
(2) Wu Shu
The historical materials of Wu and Shu are unknown.
Shu has nobles and Zhao Yi, Wu has ladies and beauties, and the rest are unknown.
2. Jin Dynasty
The level of concubines in the Jin Dynasty was slightly modified by Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, according to the Han and Wei systems.
Set up three wives: your wife, your wife and your guest. Position is three.
Nine wives: Shu Fei, Shu Yuan, Yi Shu, Xiuhua, Xiurong, Yixiu, Jie Yu, Hua Rong and Zhong Hua. See Jiuqing.
The rest is: beauty, talent, talent. I feel that I am under a thousand stones.
3. Southern and Northern Dynasties
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the appellation of concubines increased.
(1) Southern Dynasties
(1) Song Dynasty
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the titles of talents and middle-level talents were abolished, and the rest still used the Jin system.
In the third year of filial piety, Liang Wudi abolished the title of lady and created a new title of imperial concubine, with three wives: imperial concubine, imperial concubine and noble person. Zhao Yi, Zhao Rong and Zhao Hua replaced the cultivation, manners and tolerance in Nine Wives, and re-established their talents and clothes. The imperial concubine is better than the prime minister, and the nobles are better than the three divisions (Sima, Situ and Sikong).
In the second year of Taishigong, he abolished the titles of,, Ren and Fu Yi, and re-established the cultivation of China, courtesy, tolerance, talent and love. In the third year of Taishi, the nobles were abolished and replaced by newly established nobles; Zhao Hua was arranged again, and Rong Shu, Cheng Hui and Lierong were added.
The level of concubines is:
Three wives: imperial concubine, imperial concubine and imperial concubine.
Nine wives: Shuyuan, Yi Shu, Rong Shu, Zhao Hua, Zhao Yi, Zhao Rong, Xiuhua, Yixiu and Xiurong.
Titles next to 1997: Jieyu, Ronghua, Zhong Hua, Cheng Hui and Lierong.
Sanwu: beauty, talent, lover.
(2) Qi
In the first year of Jianyuan, the King of Qi established three ladies, namely, the imperial concubine, the imperial concubine and the nobles, and nine ladies, namely, Xiuhua, Yixiu, Shu Fei, Shu Yuan, Yi Shu, Jie Yu, Hua Rong and Zhong Hua. Beauty, China and talent are separated from their posts.
In the first year of Yongming, the title of wife was abolished, and the imperial concubine, Shu concubine and your wife were the three wives. Because one of his nine wives was missing, Yongming lived for seven years and added Zhao Rong.
Princes will be divided into three categories: Emperor Liang, Lin Bao and gifted scholars. A good emperor is better than the founding of the people's Republic of China, better than five waiting times, and talents are better than Xu.
(c) light beam
Three wives: imperial concubine, imperial concubine and imperial concubine.
Nine wives: Shuyuan, Yi Shu, Rong Shu, Zhao Hua, Zhao Yi, Zhao Rong, Xiuhua, Yixiu and Xiurong.
The following nine titles: Jieyu, Ronghua, Zhong Hua, Cheng Hui and Lierong.
Others are: beautiful women, talented people and lovers.
Liang Di and Lin Bao.
Chen followed Liang Tie away.
(4) Northern Dynasties
(1) Northern Wei, Eastern Wei and Western Wei
The titles of concubines are left and right Zhao Yi, Sanfu, Jiufu (upper three concubines, lower six concubines), master and imperial daughter.
About Zhao Yi position by Sima, three ladies by Sangong, three wives by Sanqing, six wives by Liu Qing, women in the world by traditional Chinese medicine, imperial women by Yuan.
Later, a female officer was set up to take charge of internal affairs. Home affairs are like ministers and servants.
Two products: secretary, supervisor and waitress.
Three products: supervisor, female shangshu, beauty, female history, female sage, female calligraphy history, book girl, little book girl.
Four products: Chinese talents, for the people, Chinese messengers, female talents and courtiers.
Five products: Tsing Yi, female wine, female food, female food and female slave.
(2) BAIC
The titles of concubines of Emperor Wenxuan and Emperor Xiao Zhao are only Lady, Concubine and Imperial Concubine.
Wu Chengdi is a womanizer. She has many concubines. During the Qinghe period, according to the ancient system, there were three wives, nine wives, twenty-seven wives and eighty-one royal daughters. The titles of concubines are:
About Zhao Yi, than the prime minister.
The third lady: Hongde, Zhengde and Chongde. It's past three o'clock.
Nine wives: upper wives: Guangming, Zhao Xun and Long Hui. Than three clear. Next: Xuan Hui, Ning Hui, Xuan Ming, Shun Hua, Ning Hua, Guang Xun. Bi Liu Qing.
The 27th wife: Hua Zheng, Ling Bian, Xiu Xun, Yao Yi, Shu Ming, Fang Hua, Jingwan, Zhao Hua, Zheng Guang, Zhao Ning, Zhen Fan, Honghui, He De, Hongyi, Guang Mao, Mingxin, Jing Xun, Yao De, Guang Xun, Hui Fan, Jing Xun and Fang Yi. Compare three products.
Eighty-one imperial daughters: Mu Guang, Mao De, Yizhen, Yao Guang, Zhenning, Guang Fan, Ling Yi, Neifan, Gui Mu, Wan De, Ming Wan, Yan Wan, Miao Fan, Zhang Hui, Mao Jing, Su Jing, Zhang Qiong, Hua Mu, Shen Yi, Miao Yi, Ming Yi, Chongming, Li Ze, Wan Yi and Wang Yi. Sung Hoon, Run Yi, Ning Xun, Yi Shu, Rouze, Mu Yi, Li Xiu, Zhao Shen, Jeong Won, Su Gui, Jing Shun, Ruan Hua, Zhao Shun, Jingning, Ming Xun, Hongyi, Zun, Xiu Jing, Cheng Xian, Zhao Rong, Li Yi, Xian Hua, Sirou, Yuan Guang, Huaide and Liang Yuan. Compare four products.
Scattered numbers: talented people pick women.
Later, after the second one, the number of concubines doubled. He also placed the left and right Hubei and Britain, and compared with the left and right prime ministers, Zhao Yi was reduced to the second doctor. Soon after, Shu Fei was placed alone, compared with Guo Xiang.
Historical materials of Northern Zhou Dynasty are unknown.
Third, the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties Song, Jin and Liao Dynasties
1, sui
In the early period of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Queen Dugu was jealous, and concubines were only nominal titles. There are:
Three members. Teach four virtues and see three things.
Nine women in the world. Palm guest sacrifice, depending on the five products.
38 royal women. Holding a female silk pestle, depending on seven products.
There are also six departments, six departments and six codes, which control each other and take charge of palace affairs.
Go to the palace, guide the queen and the boudoir. Three commanders are responsible for taking pictures of the French, picketing and announcing; There are three people playing with seals.
Shang Yi is in charge of etiquette teaching. Three wind instruments are responsible for the melody; Canon praised three people, and led the domestic and foreign women to appear in court.
Fu Shang, Zhangfu Treasure. The manager is decorated with three people, and his palm is full of flowers; Three-person comb, palm towel comb cream bath.
Eat before eating, and taste before eating. There are three doctors in charge. They are in charge of divination. There are three ritual vessels containing Yi vessels.
Still sleeping, palm curtain mattress. Responsible for the three-person banquet and start sweeping; There were three people at the ceremony, holding umbrellas, lamps and candles.
Work hard and build a victorious battle. There are three people in charge of the department, and the tailor is responsible for the clothes; Canon will be three people, palm money in and out.
Six merchants, each with three people, regard Jiupin and Liubu as honorable products and Liudian as defective products.
After the death of Queen Dugu, Emperor Wendi set up three nobles on the concubines, and increased the number of concubines to nine, the number of ladies-in-waiting to twenty-seven and the number of imperial women to eighty-one.
Yang Di acceded to the throne, buy concubines:
Third Lady: Imperial concubine, Shu princess and De princess. Zhengyipin.
1997: Shun Yi, Shun Rong, Shun Hua, Yi Xiu, Xiu Rong, Xiu Hua, Chong Yi, Chong Rong, Chong Hua. Positive binary product.
Jieyu, twelve members. Positive three products.
Women in the world: fifteen beauties, four talents.
Lin Bao: Twenty members, plus five products.
Imperial daughter: twenty-four members, six grades.
Female royal family: choose women, 37 members. Positive seven products.
There are 120 people at all levels above.
There are also people in charge of clothes and knives, who tend to wait on the left and right, and there are no people, depending on six grades or less.
There are also female officials, and it is planned to be a ministerial province with six departments and twenty-four departments.
Shanggongju, in charge of the secretary's speech, in charge of publicity and play; Teacher's book, palm directory calculation; Division is, palm format push punishment; Division for, head cabinet in charge of pheasant.
Shangyi bureau, management department, history of teaching classics, paper and pen for several cases; Music, palm music; Spencer, responsible for receiving guests; Praise, praise, guide.
Fu Shang Bureau, Guan Sixi, Zhang Congxi, Jeff; Dress, palm coat; Division jewelry, palm soup towel comb; In charge of fighting, in charge of garrison.
Shang Grain Bureau, Guanfan, ashamed to eat; Division of transportation, palm wine cellar benefits; Teacher doctor, witch doctor; You are the boss, you are the boss.
Still sleeping, managing the company, taking care of the bed curtain and sweeping the floor; Shi Yu, palm Yu umbrella fan, feather holding instrument; Division garden, palm garden royal cultivation, vegetables and fruits; Stern, hold the candle.
Shanggongju, in charge of the system, in charge of building tailors; Bao Si, in charge of money; Division color, palm silk; Weaving, palm weaving and dyeing.
Among the six divisions, there are four people in each division, and the other 22 divisions have two people in each division. Under each division, there are separate codes and palms to perform their duties. Six are still ten people, from five grades. Branch of 28 people, from six product departments. Code 28 people, from 7 products. Palm 28 people, from the end.
In addition, there are female history (no grade) who are not flowing in, and the number is uncertain.
2. Tang Dynasty
Tang Jianguo refers to the old system of Sui Dynasty at the beginning;
Lady: Imperial concubine, Shu princess, De princess and Xian princess. Zhengyipin.
Nine wives: Zhao Yi, Zhao Rong, Zhao Yuan, Yixiu, Xiurong, Xiu Yuan, Chongyi, Chongrong and Chongyuan. Positive binary product.
Jieyu nine people, all three products.
Nine beauties, four things.
There are only nine talents who are good at five things.
Lin Bao has 27 people, and they are six products.
Twenty-seven royal women, seven events.
Twenty-seven women were selected, and they were eight products.
There are also six departments in charge of chariots and horses in the palace.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the appellation of concubines changed:
The third lady: Hui Fei, Li Fei and Hua Fei. Zhengyipin.
Fang Yi is six people. Positive binary product.
Four beauties. For the positive triple product.
There are seven talented people. For the positive four products.
Shang Hong, Shang Yi and Fu Shang each have two people. Positive five products.
The number of female officials in other departments and codes ranges from 6 to 9.
The Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty were all similar to the Tang system.
3. golden
In the early days of the People's Republic of China, concubines had no titles.
When Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty began to have titles such as imperial concubine, virtuous princess and virtuous princess.
During the abolition of Emperor Hailing, there were more and more concubines in the harem, including Yuan, Shu, Hui, Gui, Xian, Li, Shu, De, Zhao, Wen and Rou.
Jin Shizong started cutting again.
Concubine rank: all concubines regard the first class as the first class, which is better than the third wife. The following nine wives, Jieyu and Beauty, all belong to the early Tang Dynasty.
Meta-historical materials are unknown.
Fourth, the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1, Ming
Ming Taizu Hongwu five years, since the Tang Dynasty, there were too many female officials in the twenty-fourth division of the six bureaus, and they were changed to one division of the six bureaus.
The six innings are: Shang Gong, Shang Yi, Fu Shang, Shang Shi, Shang Shui and Shang Gong. Shanggong is in charge of six bureau affairs.
The first division was: Gong Zheng. Responsible for discipline and punishment.
The grades are all positive six products.
There are 75 female officials in the palace, with female history 18, which is less than that in the Tang Dynasty 140.
The titles of concubines are: Xian, Shu, Zhuang, Jing, Hui, Shun, Kang and Ning. And harem concubines, above concubines.
With the efforts of the Empress Dowager, Ming Yingzong was restored. After the restoration, Queen Sun was crowned with the emblem, and was called the Queen of Shenglie Cishou. This is the abuse of the mother of the national emblem by later generations.
In the middle and late Ming dynasty, the highest-ranking imperial concubine appeared.
Ming Xianzong's favorite princess, Wan Guifei, was chased as: Gong Suduan Shen Jingrong, the imperial concubine.
The title of imperial concubine officially appeared in Ming Shenzong period, when Zongshen's favorite concubine Zheng Guifei was promoted to imperial concubine after giving birth to the emperor's third son.
2. Qing dynasty
In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, Sai-jo adopted the advice of officials of the Ministry of Rites:
There is a lady in Gan Qing Palace, a lady in Yi Shu, six ladies in Shiwan, thirty ladies in Rouwan and thirty ladies in Wan Fang.
There is a Rong Zhen and two Shen Rong in Cining Palace, and the number of diligent attendants is uncertain;
The establishment of female officials followed the six bureaus and one division of the Ming Dynasty.
The proposal was passed, but it failed to be implemented.
After Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the level of concubines was re-formulated.
The queen, the central palace.
Imperial concubine, one.
Imperial concubine, two.
Princess, four.
Six people.
Noble people are always there, and they promise, and the number is uncertain.
Concubines live in the East and West Zodiac respectively.
Summary:
It can be seen from the changes in the level of concubines in past dynasties that the title of empress has never changed since Qin Shihuang, after more than two thousand years. However, the titles of concubines have repeatedly increased or decreased in past dynasties, and the more they were set in past dynasties, the more their status declined. For example, nobles were the first concubines in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and they became the first concubines in the Qing Dynasty.