Author: edited by Guo Maoqian.

Ji (jρ) Ji Fuha, Mulan is a family knitter. I can't hear the loom, but I hear the woman sigh. Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers. Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember. Last night, I saw more soldiers in the military whistle (ti) and Khan (kè hán). The art of war consists of twelve volumes, which contain the names of lords. Grandpa has no eldest son and Mulan has no big brother. I'd like to sign for (wèi) Saddle (ān) and for you from now on.

Buy horses in the East City, saddles (jiān) in the West City, bridles (pèi) in the South City and whips in the North City. Say goodbye to parents and stay by the Yellow River at dusk. Don't smell the female voice, smell the Yellow River splash (jiān jiān). Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the chirping of Yan Shan Hu Qi (jiū jiū).

From Wan Li to róng, the mountains are flying. New moon (Shu) gas transfers gold (Tu), and cold light illuminates iron clothes. The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.

See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall. Policy 12, awarded to the former 1000 (qiáng). Khan asked him what he wanted. Mulan doesn't need Shang Shulang. She is willing to send her son back to his hometown not far from Wan Li.

Hearing the news of the woman, she went out to help Guo (Ji ā ng); Sister A (zǐ) heard that her younger sister was coming and took care of her red makeup. When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep. Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed. Take off my wartime robe and write (zhuó) my old clothes (cháng). When the window is decorated with clouds (bìn), the mirror column (ti ì) is yellow. When you go out to see a fire companion, the fire companion is dismayed. After traveling together for twelve years, I didn't know Mulan was a girl.

Male rabbits have messy feet and female rabbits have blurred eyes; When I walk next to two rabbits, can I tell if I am a male or a female?

translate

Sighs came and went, and Mulan was weaving against the door. There was no sound of loom weaving, only Mulan sighed. Ask Mulan what she is thinking. Ask Mulan what she is thinking. (Mulan answers) I didn't think anything, nothing. I saw the draft documents last night and learned that the monarch was recruiting on a large scale. There are so many conscription documents, each with his father's name on it. My father has no eldest son, and Mulan (I) has no brother. Mulan was willing to go to the market to buy saddles and horses for this, so she began to fight instead of her father.

Harnesses can be bought everywhere in the market. I left my parents the next morning and camped by the Yellow River at night. I can't hear my parents calling my daughter, I can only hear the sound of the Yellow River flowing. Leave the Yellow River on the road the next morning and arrive in Montenegro in the evening. I can't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I can only hear the chirping of Hu Bing's war horses in Yanshan.

It's not far from Wan Li to go to the battlefield, and it's as fast as flying over mountains and mountains. The sound of knocking came from the cold in the north, and the moonlight reflected the armor of the soldiers. Soldiers fought many wars, some died for their country, some fought for many years and returned home in triumph.

When he returned victorious, he appeared in front of the emperor sitting in the palace. I have made great contributions to Mulan, and I have received two hundred gold, and more. When the emperor asked Mulan what she wanted, Mulan said that she didn't want to be a businessman, but wanted to ride a swift horse back to her hometown.

Parents heard that their daughter was back and helped each other to meet her outside the city; When my sister heard that she was back, she dressed up in front of the door. My brother heard that my sister came back and was busy sharpening the knife and killing pigs and sheep. Every room opened and went in to have a look. They took off their battle clothes, put on the clothes of girls before, arranged their beautiful hair in front of the window and mirror, and hung decorations on their faces in front of the mirror. When I went out to see my partners fighting together, my partners were all surprised. After years of traveling together, they didn't even know Mulan was a girl.

When the rabbit's ears are hanging in mid-air, the front foot of the male rabbit is always moving, and the eyes of the female rabbit are always narrowing, so it is easy to tell. Male rabbits and female rabbits run side by side. How can we tell which rabbit is male and which is female?

To annotate ...

1. chirp (jρjρ): the sound of the textile machine.

2. When the household (dāng hù): facing the door.

3. Loom sound: the sound made by the loom. Machine: refers to the loom. Raft: Weaving shuttle (Sue is not here).

4. Only: Only.

5. What?

Remember: Miss, Miss.

6. Military service certificate: conscription document.

7. khan (kè hán): the title of the monarch by all ethnic groups in ancient northwest China.

8. Twelve volumes of the art of war: there are many volumes on the draft list. 12 means a lot, not exactly. The following "twelve turns" and "twelve years" are used in this way.

9. Grandpa: Like the "Grandpa" below, they all refer to the father.

10. Willing to be a saddle horse: for this reason. Market, buy. Pommel horse, generally refers to horse and harness.

1 1.jiān: the cushion under the saddle.

12. REINS: used to control the chews, REINS and REINS of animals.

13. Remarks: Leave and say goodbye.

14. spray (jiān jiān): the sound of water impact.

15. Good morning.

16. But smell: only smell.

17. Hu Qi (j): Ren Hu's war horse. Hu, the ancient name of northern minorities.

18. Gigi: The sound of horses barking.

19. Tian Zi: That's the "Khan" mentioned earlier.

20. Wan Li went to Rongji: not far from Wan Li, he went to the battlefield. Military aircraft: refers to war.

2 1. Flying over the mountain: crossing the mountain like flying. Degrees, over.

22. Say (Shu à) that gas transmits gold: the sound of cold transmission in the north. New moon, north. Gold (tuò), that is. The iron pot used by the ancient army was used for cooking during the day and vigil at night.

23. Cold light and iron clothes: The cold moonlight shines on the soldiers' armor.

24. Mingtang: Mingtang, here refers to the palace.

25. Twelve-turn strategy (Zhu m︱n): I remember a lot of merits. Tactical training, record merit. Round, each level of honor is called round, and the twelfth level is the highest honor. Twelve turns: not an exact number, described as extremely high.

26. Top 100 Rewards (qiáng): Reward a lot of property. Hundred thousand: describe a large number. Strong, more than enough.

27. Ask what you want: Ask (Mulan) what she wants.

28. No: I don't want to do it.

29. Shang: an official of Shangshu Province. Shangshu Province was an institution of the ancient imperial court to manage state affairs.

30. I hope to ride a thousand miles: I hope to ride a thousand miles.

3 1. Guo: Outer City.

32. Ask for help: support. Will: Auxiliary words, no translation.

33. Sister (zǐ): Sister.

Li: A comb.

35.zhuāng: refers to the gorgeous costumes of women.

36. Hoho: Simulate the sound of sharpening a knife.

37. Zhu (zhuó): The interchangeable words are "zhe" and "wear".

38. cloud sideburns (bìn): sideburns like clouds describe beautiful hair.

39.Post (tiē) is yellow: post is a common word "paste". Flower yellow, the facial ornament of ancient women.

40. The male rabbit's feet are confused and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred: It is said that when the rabbit's ears are hanging in the air, the male rabbit's front feet move from time to time, and the female rabbit's eyes are often squinted, so it is easy to identify. Grab, grab. Blurred and squinted.

4 1. When two rabbits walk beside the ground, I can tell whether I am a male or a female: when two rabbits run very close to the ground, how can I tell which is the male and which is the female? 42. "Fire": connected with "Gang". People who fought side by side in ancient times ate the same pot, and later translated it as people in the same industry.

43. Good: Read háng.

44. Walk side by side: Run side by side against the ground.

Note: "Mulan Poetry" has become the 24th class of grade 7 in Chinese version of China Publishing House, the 8th class in 8th grade, the 7th class 10 in People's Education Publishing House and the 28th class in Hubei Education Publishing House.

A. Pronunciation: loom [zh ù], saddle [ā n ji ā n], head [pè i], head [ji ā n], gold [tu ò], sister [zó], jojo [Hu ò], but. Sticking [ti] yellow flowers; copy

Common words:

(1) yellow mirror post: "post" means "paste", which means to post and paste.

Different meanings in ancient and modern times:

(1) Leaf: It means father in ancient times, for example, it has the name of leaf; Today refers to grandpa, dad's dad.

② Walking: It means running in ancient times. Two rabbits are walking beside the ground. In this sense.

3 Dan: ancient meaning only, adverbs, such as: but smell the yellow river splashing; Nowadays, it is often used as a turning conjunction.

Guo: It means "out of town" in ancient times, such as: going abroad to help generals; Today it is only used as a surname.

⑤ Households: Ancient is the door, Mulan is the door; Family and family status in this sense.

6 vague: the ancient meaning is squinting, but the present meaning is vague and difficult to distinguish clearly.

⑦ Twelve: There were many imaginary numbers in ancient times; In modern times, the number is twelve.

Polysemy:

City: a. Market, for example: buy horses in the East Market; B. buy, for example: willing to be a city pommel horse. Nouns are used as verbs. I am willing to buy pommel horse for this. )

Buy: a. buy (things), for example, buy horses in the east market; I want to buy a boat to get off.

Willing: one is willing, for example, to be a city pommel horse; I hope to take Wan Li Road.

Flexible use of words:

① What is the interrogative pronoun "he" as a verb? Ask this lady what she thinks.

② Use the noun "ce" as a verb to register. Twelve changes in policy.

(3) "riding" verb as a noun, horse. But I heard the horse riding and singing of Yanshan Hu.

Idiom: confusing

Originally refers to the male and female rabbits, metaphorically speaking, it is not clear whether they are male or female. Now refers to describing things that are complicated and difficult to distinguish.

Translation of Special Sentences and Key Sentences

Ellipsis: I would like to be a pommel horse. I want to be a pommel horse in this city. This refers to the fact that my father joined the army. )

Willing to buy pommel horse for this.

(2) inversion: ask the woman what she thinks ("what does she think" is the inversion of "what does she think"). Preposition object. )

What is my daughter thinking?

(3) Wan Li to Rongji, Guanshan degrees if flying. The breath of the new moon is golden, and the cold light is iron. The general died in many battles, and ten years later, a strong man returned: (Mulan) Not far from Wan Li, she went to the battlefield and flew over the pass and mountains. The cold in the north conveys the sound of playing ball, and the cold moonlight reflects the soldiers' armored shirts. The general fought many battles with strong men. After several years, some died in the battlefield, while others survived and won.

4 when the window is cloudy, the mirror is yellow: in front of the window, the hair is arranged and decorated.

Mulan was born.

There are two main theories about Mulan's age:

1, the Northern Wei Taizu broke the soft period to Peking University.

2. During Emperor Sui Gongdi's Yining period, Turks invaded the border.

About Mulan's name, mainly include:

1, Mulan, female name, surname unknown.

2. It is generally believed that the surname is Hua and the name is Mulan.

3. In addition, there are surnames Wei and Zhi Zhu, and some people say that "Mulan" is the surname, which is unknown.

background

Mulan disguised herself as a man and joined the army instead of her father. She fought on the battlefield for several years and made many meritorious deeds. No one found out that she was a woman. In the Tang Dynasty, he was named General Xiao Lie and was commemorated in a shrine. There are different opinions on the time of its emergence, but from the historical and geographical conditions, it can be judged that things and poems may have originated in the post-Wei period. This poem originated from the folk, and in the long-term spread process, it has traces of being polished by later literati, but it basically retains the characteristics that folk songs are easy to remember and recite.

affect

Yuefu poetry collection is an ancient institution for managing music, and it is also the most complete collection of Yuefu songs. Later, Yuefu poems were also called Yuefu, and the folk songs vividly reflected the social life and local people at that time, which were divided into two parts: southern songs and northern songs. Nanqu, that is, the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties, pays attention to lyricism, flashy language, delicate words and euphemistic style. Northern songs, that is, northern folk songs, have a wide range of themes and strong, warm and simple styles. Mulan Poem and Peacock Flying Southeast in Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty are called "Yuefu Shuangbi".

Overall grasp

Mulan Poetry is a long narrative folk song in northern China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and it is also a Yuefu poem. It tells the story of Mulan disguised as a man, joined the army instead of her father, fought in the battlefield, returned to the DPRK in triumph, made meritorious deeds, and resigned and returned to China, which is full of legend.

In the first paragraph, Mulan decided to join the army instead of her father. The poem begins with the sound of a loom chirping, showing the scene of Mulan knitting at home. Then she wrote a sigh that Mulan didn't intend to weave, which made people wonder, led to a question and answer, and revealed Mulan's thoughts. Mulan "sighed" not because the children were worried, but because the Emperor recruited soldiers, and her father was among the conscripts. As he was old and had no eldest son at home, he decided to join the army instead of his father.

In the second paragraph, Mulan is ready to go out and go to war. "Buy a fine horse in the Oriental market ..." Four sentences are used to describe Mulan's nervous purchase of war horses and riding equipment, which shows that she attaches great importance to this matter and is willing to share the pressure for her father. "Say goodbye to my parents ..." Eight sentences are repeated, writing that Mulan has been on the journey nonstop, running around day and night, and the farther away from home, the more she misses her loved ones. What is written here is that Mulan set out from home and arrived at the battlefield through the Yellow River for only two days, exaggerating the rapid progress of Mulan, the urgency of the military situation and the eagerness of her mood, which made people feel nervous about the war atmosphere. Among them, the sound of "Yellow River splashing" and "Yanshan riding and chirping" also set off Mulan's homesickness.

The third paragraph outlines Hua Mulan's ten-year campaign life. "When Wan Li goes to Rongji, if he flies over the mountains", it summarizes the contents of the above eight sentences, and exaggerates the description of Mulan riding a horse and Wan Li all the way, rushing to the battlefield, flying over the pass and over the mountains and mountains. "New Moon Breaths with Golden Bells and Cold Light with Iron Clothes" describes Mulan's hard fighting life in the frontier fortress barracks: at night, Diao Dou's knocking came from the cold north wind, and her cold armor was reflected in the cold light. "A hundred battles lead to the death of a general, and ten years lead to the return of a strong man", which outlines this protracted war and bitter battle. The soldiers fought for ten years, and after cruel battles again and again, some died and some returned. Hua Mulan, who is brave and good at fighting, is one of the soldiers who survived and returned successfully.

In the fourth paragraph, Mulan also resigned. First, Mulan appeared before the emperor. Then, Mulan made great contributions and was rewarded by the emperor. Besides, Mulan resigned and was willing to go back to her hometown. "Mulan doesn't need to go to school" but "go back to her hometown". Of course, it is her nostalgia for home life, but she also has her own secret, that is, she is a daughter. The son of heaven didn't know the truth, and Mulan couldn't explain it clearly, which was quite dramatic.

The fifth paragraph is about Mulan's return to her hometown to reunite with her relatives. First of all, through the actions of parents, brothers and sisters in line with their identity, gender and age, describe the happy atmosphere in the family and express strong affection; Then, through a series of actions, Mulan wrote her affection for her former residence and her love for her daughter's makeup, showing her natural daughter's mood and her uncontrollable joy after her return. Finally, as the end of the story and the climax of the whole poem, it is a comedy scene in which Mulan, who restores her daughter's costume, meets her partner.

The sixth paragraph ends with a metaphor. Using the metaphor of two rabbits running together, it is difficult to distinguish between male and female. It is interesting and unforgettable to skillfully solve the mystery that Mulan disguised as a man instead of her father to join the army for many years.

Several things in his poems are described in detail. The first, second, third, sixth and seventh paragraphs describe Mulan's daughter feelings in detail, and the fourth and fifth paragraphs briefly describe heroism on the battlefield. Highlight children's feelings from the content, enrich heroes, and make the characters more real and touching. Structurally, the whole poem is concise and compact.

This poem creates an immortal image of Mulan, which is both legendary and touching. Mulan is a strange girl and an ordinary person, a heroine and an ordinary girl, a vigorous warrior and a beautiful daughter. She is hard-working, kind-hearted, determined, brave, honest and simple, alert and lively, loves loving the country and loving the quiet life of not admiring high officials and rich people. For more than a thousand years, the story of Mulan joining the army instead of her father has become a household name in China, and the image of Mulan is also deeply loved by people.

This poem is full of folk songs. The whole poem conceives the legendary story of Mulan with "Mulan is a girl", which is full of romance. The complex and simple arrangement is very clever. Although it is about war, it is more about life scenes and children's modality, full of life breath. In the poem, the psychology of the characters is portrayed in the way of question and answer, which is vivid and meticulous; I am very proud to describe the behavior modality with many careful comparisons; It is unforgettable to summarize the whole poem with humorous metaphors. This makes the work have a strong artistic appeal.

comment

poetic sentiment

Mulan hugged her and asked who she was. If you want to hear what you are saying, you should be grateful. My father is a soldier, and his strength is declining. Wan Li Road is not enough, and there are still few children. Husha has no clues, and the north wind cracks people's skin. How can my father help himself when he is ill? Mulan went instead of her father and prepared a horse for the trip. Ivanko Shang Qi, but washed away the lead powder makeup. Gallop to the military curtain and be generous to your assistant. Chaotun under the snow-capped mountains, staying in Qinghai at dusk. Attack the swallow at night. It is also carried by Qiang people. The general returned home in triumph, and the foot soldiers also returned to their hometown. My parents were very happy and sad when they saw Mulan. Mulan was able to honor her parents, but she took off her towel and straightened the silk spring. I used to be a martyr, but now I am a spoiled child. Relatives celebrate with wine, and parents know that they have a daughter and a gay man. In the face of the old army, ten years of rugged, this knot brothers, die. I also saw Mulan today, although her voice is beautiful. If you dare not marvel, you will sigh. There are courtiers in the world who can be like Mulan Festival. Loyalty and filial piety will never die!

For more than a thousand years, the story of Mulan joining the army instead of her father has become a household name in China, and the image of Mulan is also deeply loved by people.

work

"Poetry": Mulan Song is a quasi-ancient Yuefu for Jin people, so those who are high are strong in the Han and Wei Dynasties, while those who are flat are strong in the Han and Wei Dynasties. For example, "South City buys bridles and North City buys whips", which is still associated with Tokyo; To "when the window is decorated with clouds and the mirror is yellow", Qi's language is natural. And sentences such as "Go out to meet fire companions", although simple, actually came from the Six Dynasties, not the Han Dynasty.

Xie Zhen's Four-character Poetry: Mulan Poetry says, "What do women think? Ask the woman what she remembers. Women have nothing to think about ... Beishi buys whips. " This is a casual remark, simple and natural, complicated and not chaotic. If you ask and answer, buying pommel horses in one city is simply simple and tasteless, and there are almost no Yuefu. "Wan Li goes to Rongji, if the mountain flies ..." It is absolutely like Li Bai's five words, but there are not many words. "The male rabbit's feet pounce on the new moon ..." This knot is the most popular and surprising. If these four sentences are missing, it may be irreparable.

Make an appreciative comment

Mulan Poetry (Cao Daoheng)

Long narrative folk songs in the Northern Dynasties. Since the Song Dynasty, there have been different records and disputes about its age and author. It first appeared in Wen Yuan Mulan Song written by Wei in Tang Dynasty. The title of Ancient Wen Yuan is Mulan Poetry, which means "Tang Poetry". According to the poem "Khan is a great warrior" in Fan Yanlu written by Cheng Dachang in Song Dynasty, Mulan's life is either Sui or Tang. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yan Yu's poems about Canglang thought that "the new moon spreads gold, and the cold light shines iron clothes" and so on, "it is too white, and it must not be a poem of Han and Wei Dynasties". Since then, it has been said that people in the Sui and Tang Dynasties wrote this poem, but in the Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian pointed out that this poem was not written by Wei, but that Wei "got it from the people". Yuefu Poetry Collection is included in Song of Crossing Drum and Beam, also known as Mulan Poetry. Cloud is an "ancient poem", quoting Chen Shizhi's "Records of Ancient and Modern Music" and saying: "Mulan, nameless." According to "Biography of Wei in the Old Tang Dynasty", Wei was an observer in western Zhejiang and an envoy in Huainan (Huang Tingjian mistakenly called Wei Renshuo as my ambassador). According to the records of Old Tang Qu, it can be seen that there are "Xianbei Qu in Yan and Wei Dynasties" and more "Khan Ci" in Yuefu Qu in Liang and Northern Dynasties. So Mulan poems may be Xianbei songs. Spread in Jiangnan and translated into Chinese. He entered Yuefu in the Liang Dynasty and later dispersed among the people. It was rediscovered by Wei in the Tang Dynasty, and it is planned to become Mulan Song (Wenyuan). As for the antithetical poem Shuo Qi, it is used in the poems of Qi and Liang, and it is the trace of literati's processing. Therefore, most modern scholars believe that Mulan poetry originated in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was written by the people.

Mulan Poetry tells the story that Mulan disguised herself as a man, joined the army instead of her father, and made meritorious deeds on the battlefield. After returning to Korea, she refused to be an official, but asked to be reunited with her family. This poem enthusiastically praised the strange girl's hard-working and kind quality, her enthusiasm for defending her country, her heroic fighting spirit and her dignified and calm demeanor. It not only reflects the general martial spirit of the nomadic people in the north, but also shows the people in the north's aversion to the long-term separatist war and their desire for a peaceful and stable life. This is eulogizing Mulan, which obviously impacts the prejudice of the patriarchal society. It is a "fantastic poem" (the source of Shen Deqian's ancient poems), full of romance, with a vigorous and simple style, which basically maintains the characteristics of folk songs. Quasi-question and answer is used to describe psychological activities in the poem, which is meticulous and profound; Describe the behavior modality with extravagance and parallelism, with vivid expression; The use of refined spoken language not only expresses a woman's tone, but also enhances the narrative atmosphere and shows the true colors of folk songs. Represents the outstanding achievements of Yuefu folk songs in the Northern Dynasties.

The ideological content and artistic skills of Mulan's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations. The music history of the Song Dynasty, Taiping Yuhuan Ji, records that there are Mulan Mountain, Mulan Township and Mulan Temple in Huanggang County, Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei), and cites Du Mu's Mulan Temple as evidence. Later, according to local records, in Bozhou, Anhui, Shangqiu, Henan, Wanxian, Hebei and other places, temples were built to worship Mulan, which reflected the far-reaching influence of Mulan's poems. Until today, the image of Mulan on the stage screen still inspires people's patriotic enthusiasm. At the same time, long before Wei wrote Caotang, Du Fu's poem Caotang described the happy scene of moving to Caotang, which obviously absorbed the expression of Mulan's poem describing the family welcoming Mulan back. As for Yuan Zhen's estimation of guest music, "Go out as a fire companion and say goodbye to your father and brother at home", Bai Juyi's "Playing Mulan" and "Mulan used to be a girl, which is so strange", it can be seen that Mulan poetry has become popular in the middle Tang Dynasty.

The Ideological Tendency of Mulan Poetry (Wang Shuzhen)

Mulan Poetry is a famous and excellent poem in China's classical poetry. It describes the extraordinary experience of an ordinary woman, Mulan, who joined the army and returned to her hometown on behalf of her father with deep feelings and narrative, comparison and rendering techniques. Mulan may not be a real person, but dressing up as a woman is a real thing. Mulan is one of these women. Mulan's joys and sorrows are very dramatic. Therefore, for thousands of years, her touching stories have been circulated among the masses. What kind of ideological tendency did Mulan's poems show?

This poem attracted readers to the scene it described from the beginning. Mulan's usual "loom sound" in weaving has been replaced by her sigh. The reason is that Khan was an autumn soldier on the battlefield. His father is in the army and there is no eldest son at home. How could he not make Mulan anxious and depressed? But she finally made a brave choice of "willing to be a pommel horse for the city and sign for the Lord from now on"

Mulan's joining the army was forced and illegal. Once she made the choice of "joining the army", her attitude was positive, which vividly showed her initiative and determination from the busy scene of shopping around. Mulan is far away from her hometown for the first time, and the mountains and rivers in a foreign land will touch her homesickness. The description of this in the poem is sincere and very touching. Joining the army gave Mulan the opportunity to show her wisdom and talent as well as men. After ten years of war, she changed from a kind, enthusiastic and capable girl to a "strong man" who made meritorious deeds. What a big change!

The war won victory and peace. The environment has changed. Where will Mulan go? She has unspeakable difficulties. Because she is a woman, she doesn't deserve the honor she deserves in this grand ceremony of rewarding merit. She had to resign as a knight and set foot on the only way to return home. Anonymous authors take this for granted. Therefore, the happy reunion of Mulan's flesh and blood is described in a cheerful style, which allows her to appear in front of her companions as a woman after "being a window-keeper and putting flowers in front of the mirror". What is valuable to the author is the metaphor that rabbits run together and men and women are inseparable, which shows that women are not inferior to men in wisdom, courage and talent if they have the opportunity to display their ambitions.

This description of Mulan's return from the army shows the author's progressive ideological tendency. The problem is how to correctly analyze this social phenomenon reflected by the author. Some people think that Mulan returned to her hometown because she didn't want fame and fortune, which reflected the true nature of working people's love for labor. In my opinion, this view is incorrect.

In the ancient feudal society of China, "women are men", besides Mulan, there was also a Huang Chongjia. Xie Fangde told their stories as anecdotes in Miscellanies of Bihu. Mulan is a heroine who died in battle, and she "returns without knighthood"; Huang Chongjia was a woman of Shu in the Five Dynasties. She disguised herself as a man and worked as a retainer in Zhou Xianggong's mansion in Shu. Because she is "sensitive to officials, petty officials are afraid to take clothes", Zhou Yao took a fancy to her and "wanted a wife and a daughter". Huang Chongjia was bored, so he had to explain that he was a woman and walked away.

Under the feudal system, women disguised as men were regarded as abnormal phenomena. "The man is the master outside, and the woman is the master inside" is the commandment of feudal ethics. Mulan can secretly join the army instead of her father in an emergency and give full play to her potential wisdom and talents. However, she could not turn to peace with the war, and still stayed in the court to make new contributions to governing the country. Otherwise, the notoriety of the so-called "Hunji Chen Si" will fall on her. Neither Mulan nor the author of Mulan Poetry can change this fate.

It is difficult to get rid of the shackles imposed on women by feudal ethics. Wang Jun, a poetess in Qing Dynasty, felt that she couldn't show her talents like Hua Mulan and Chongqi in Partridge Sky ("Hua Mulan's devotion to Xu Qi is out of the question"), so she had to let the heroine enter the artistic stage in the dream of playing Ci ("so that she could explain her worries to the dream") to express her life ideal buried in her heart.

It can be seen that Mulan's return to her hometown is by no means a question of not wanting fame and wealth, nor a question of loving labor, but an inevitable product of oppression and discrimination against women in feudal society.

It is impossible for the author of Mulan Poetry to be clearly aware of this. However, his tortuous life path of peace-war-peace from Mulan unconsciously reflects the miracle created by Mulan under special conditions and enthusiastically praises it. This is the expression of the author's loyalty to real life, and it is also related to the thoughts and feelings of the working people.

What is the ideological tendency of Mulan's poems? In a word, it expresses the affirmation and appreciation of the wisdom and talent endowed by ordinary women. Moreover, we should also see that this attitude is naturally revealed in descriptions such as comparison ("fire companions are both surprised and busy") and metaphor ("two rabbits are walking beside the ground"). It was not until the end of the Ming Dynasty that people could say it in such clear language as "the beauty in the sea or the beauty in the clock, not for men but for women". However, in Mulan's poems, there is no obvious tendency to value women over men and overcorrect them in Ming Dynasty. The Ming people made such a bold estimate of women's potential wisdom, talent and strength. In addition to the social life at that time, from the historical and ideological origins, Mulan's poems are enlightening.

Linguistic Features of Mulan Poetry

Mulan poetry has a unique style of Yuefu folk songs. Opening questions and answers are common in folk songs. The language of Mulan's poems is vivid and simple, with few carvings and axes: "My younger brother hears my sister coming and sharpens his knife to pigs and sheep", which has been circulated for thousands of years and is still a spoken language that people relish; Except for the elegant six sentences in Wanli Qurongji, the rest have retained the form and style of folk songs, and the use of chain, question and answer, parallelism and overlap is almost the same as that of folk songs. Moreover, the language is rich and colorful, the spoken language is simple and natural, the parallelism is harmonious, and the metaphor is novel and humorous, which was not in the plan of the literati at that time. ..... Since Mulan Poetry is a northern folk song, is it dominated by Yuefu authorities? In my opinion, this song can be sung happily. As far as the original rhyme is concerned, most of the Long Yuefu poems change their rhyme every few words, and few rhyme ends, so that the syllables of the performed songs can be complicated and changeable. "Mulan Poetry" has changed seven rhymes, which can also be said to be seven kinds of songs: "Haw, haw, haw ... women have no memory"; "I bought a saddle in the west market ... but I heard the Yellow River splashing"; "the night stays on the black mountain ... but I listen to Yanshan Hu riding a horse"; "Wan Li went to Rongji ... a strong man returned in ten years"; "The son of heaven sat in the hall ... I didn't know Mulan was a girl"; "Mother rabbit's eyes are blurred ... can Ann tell whether I am a man or a woman? "This is equivalent to writing seven songs under one topic. The difference is that this is a complete song. The number of sentences in each rhyme of many folk songs is relatively neat, while the number of sentences in Mulan's poems is rather uneven. Because it was once sung by musicians, it was included in Yuefu songs of past dynasties, and until now there are still storytellers singing Mulan poems.

Language Simplification of Mulan Poetry

The language of literary works should be concise and appropriate, neither greedy nor simple. If we read Mulan's poems carefully, we can realize this truth.

"Mulan Poetry" revolves around the image of Mulan. It sometimes "cherishes ink like gold" and is extremely simple; Sometimes, I will "splash ink like water" and try my best to arrange. For example, "Wan Li comes to Rongji, and the mountains are flying. The breath of the new moon is golden, and the cold light is iron. The general died in a hundred battles, and the strong man returned in ten years. " There are only six sentences and thirty crosses, which sum up Mulan's fighting career of defending the country for more than ten years. How simple! Two of them are about the north wind and the sound of fighting; The moonlight reflected snow and Mulan woke up. Through the description of the environment, scenery and atmosphere, Mulan's homesickness complex and warrior temperament of sticking to her post are rendered. Although life in the frontier is hard and there are only intermittent struggles around, Mulan and her friends are still dressed in armor and ready to fight for the motherland. This scene is very vivid (the sound of the north wind, the sound of fighting) and colorful (moonlight, the color of snow, the reflection of iron). How intriguing! It can be said that a word is worth a thousand dollars, and a word cannot be reduced. The four sentences of "buy horses in the east market, prepare saddles in the west market, prepare reins in the south market, and prepare whips in the north market" are all twenty sentences, just repeating the content of "prepare pommel horses in the city" above. At first glance, how dull and burdensome it feels! But after careful taste, I found it very flexible and concise. Because of this exaggeration, Mulan and her family were thoroughly prepared for military uniforms. As Liu Dabai said in Old Poems and New Stories: "