Hairdressing usually refers to basic hair care, while beautifying hair is called hairdressing. However, in addition to cutting hair, the "haircut package" may also include shampoo, blow-drying, dyeing hair, wearing a shirt, styling, manicure and massage.
The word "haircut" didn't exist in China a long time ago. I think that "hair" is influenced by parents and cannot be shaved off casually. Therefore, at that time, both men and women had long hair, but their hair curled in different ways. In the Han dynasty, there were craftsmen who took hairdressing as their profession.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the aristocratic children of Nanliang all had their hair cut and shaved. At that time, the barber industry was very developed, and full-time hairdressers appeared. The word "haircut" first appeared in the literature of Song Dynasty. Zhu explained in the sentence "It's a comb" in the annotation of Poem Zhou Song Liang Ji: "Hairclippers are also combs."
The barber industry in Song Dynasty was relatively developed, and there were workshops specializing in making barber tools. At that time, there was a special name for shaving hair called "Waiting for Letters". Later it gradually developed into a skill and an industry.
During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was more common for people to get haircuts. In the Qing Dynasty, in order to realize long-term rule, Manchu nobles forced men to shave their heads and comb their braids. "Keep your hair, keep your hair." People have no choice but to shave off the hair on the top of their foreheads, and the hairdressing industry has developed unprecedentedly. At that time, there were barbers everywhere. Barbers sold iron clips (tuning forks) to cut people's hair.
Because of the different methods of cleaning and hygienic treatment of hair in different dynasties, there are different names, such as "grate head" in Ming Dynasty, "shaving head" in Qing Dynasty, and "shaving head" and "pushing head".
The first barber shop founded by China was built in Fengtianfu during Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty. After the Revolution of 1911, many Japanese hairdressers from China returned to China to open barbershops.
The history of barber and the history of barber;
The hairdressers and beauticians we are talking about were called "waiting for letters", "shaving workers" and "tweezers workers" in ancient times, commonly known as "hairdressers, hairdressers and plastic surgeons". Hairdressing and beauty have existed since ancient times. It is said that Fuxi began to have a vertebral bun when he was born, but now he has stopped making it. The hair style of the Han nationality has always been different from that of ethnic minorities, such as wearing hair, breaking hair, or braiding hair until the Qing soldiers entered the customs. The ancients put their hair in a bun, and the ancient haircut was to soak it and comb it. Men and women should use combs and grates. In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Caiqing, a woman caiqing thought that her husband would come back, "offering songs to the bureau, empty talk about the country's mistakes". It means my hair is curly and fluffy. Go home and wash it. "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Twenty-two Years": "The widowed gentleman makes the servant hold the towel bar to strengthen his son." This shows that in ancient times, nobles were all combed their hair. In ancient times, when men and women came of age, they all wore crowns and tied them up. The punishment for criminals, except for the sideburns, requires a special "comb worker". Yan Zhitui's "Mianxue of Yan Family Instructions" says that the children of the distinguished guests in the Southern Dynasties "all smoked clothes and shaved their faces". In addition, ordinary people also need haircuts, so there are comb workers in the court, and there are comb workers serving civilians in the folk. At the latest in the Song Dynasty, the private barber industry had formed a scale. Song Hong Mai's "Jane Yi Zhi Yi" (Volume 12) Chengdu tweezers: "In the early days of Zheng He, there were tweezers in Chengdu, walking in the dust room, and his wife lived alone. A Taoist priest came to ask for hair removal and handed it over to 200 yuan first "; It is also recorded in Zhang's "Gui" in the Song Dynasty that he once asked a tweezer to comb his hair and gave him 5,000 yuan. Barbers in the Song and Yuan Dynasties were all called, just as tea sellers were called "tea doctors", and they were always called to stand by and watch. At that time, barbers not only had shops, but also guilds. Song Zhou Mi's Legend of Wulin records that there was a "net hair club" in Lin 'an at that time. In the Yuan Dynasty, according to the first year of Yanyou (13 14), the monument of Dongyue Palace was built in Changxing County, and the inscription on the monument recorded "Jingpei". The Barbers' Association lasted until the 1940s. When the Qing soldiers first entered the customs, they issued a "haircut order" to change the hair of the Han people into a bun instead of a haircut. At that time, there was a move of "leaving hair without leaving head, leaving head without leaving hair". At that time, someone specially brought a photo of a haircut, and then the place where the iron was hung was originally the place where the knife was hung. If they refused to shave, they were immediately beheaded. It was not until after the Revolution of 1911 that the braid was removed. China people's hair and hairstyle have also undergone a bloody test!
As an industry, it also has its own ancestors. Ji Yun in Qing Dynasty said in Miscellanies of Urumqi: "The name of the barber is Luo Zu, and every time there is a contest, the barber will go to the temple." In the old days, the Clear Hair Instruction, which recorded the jargon and argot of the barber industry, is now kept in Yongle Grand Ceremony, but the founder of the Clear Hair Instruction is Luo Zu, also named Luo Zhenren, who said, "Luo Zhenren lived in Jiangdong and studied art at the age of seven. In the middle of Xu Bing's life, Xuanzong moved with a knife. " On this basis, Luo Zu should be from the Tang Dynasty, but "Notes on Net Hair" also said that when Luo Zu paid homage to the sect, he had "made a long face" for the emperor, and the emperor gave him precious jade and pearls, but he refused to return them. However, there was no emperor offering sacrifices to this sect in the Tang Dynasty, so the rumor may be inaccurate. It is also said among the people that when Wu Zetian was in power, her son, Prince Donkey, was very autocratic. No one can wait on him with a shaved head, and he is ready to kill. Although Luo Zu is very young, he is very skillful. Automatically shaved the head of the donkey-headed prince for the master, saving the master of shaving all over the world, so he was honored as the ancestor.
More interestingly, in the ancient barber industry, Lv Dongbin, the Eight Immortals, was recruited as the founder. It is said that during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng had a long scar on his head, which was difficult to shave, and many craftsmen were killed. One day, a Taoist priest came to shave the emperor's head automatically. He shaved well, but there was a red circle around his neck, so he was pulled out and had his hair cut three times in a row, and then he grew back. Only then did I know that the Taoist priest who cut hair was the immortal Lv Dongbin, and the red circle was for the emperor to cure boils. Yongzheng promised not to kill the hairdresser in the future, named the hairdresser as a "semi-co-driver and a small deacon" and gave a couplet: "Do the best in the world and use the best efforts in the world." Lv Dongbin also taught his hairdressing skills to hairdressers, so Lv Dongbin was honored as the founder. There are many fictional things in these legends, and some legends also attribute Lv Dongbin's haircut to Luo Zhenren in Qing Dynasty. The real person's surname is Luo.
These legends have been handed down as the secret history of the barber industry in the past, especially for Luo Zu, who holds a grand meeting every July 13 and Luo Zu's birthday. In the 1940s, a grand event was held in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. Because there were too many people attending, Jingzhong Hall could not be held, which shows its grand occasion.
Today's hairdressing and beauty industry has appeared in front of the public with a brand-new and modern look. In order to meet the aesthetic and clean needs of people today, the hairdressing and beauty industry relies on modern standardized management and science and technology, rather than elusive.