Information on Li's Sophora japonica
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Li Jianli established a village called Lijiazhai. In the sixth year of Wanli (1578), Cui moved and set up another village in the east of Lijiazhai, named Cuijiazhuang. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, two villages were adjacent, so they were collectively called Cuijiazhai.
Lijiadahuaishu
In Zhuang Ji Village, Shentou Town, there was an old man named Li Shuan. There is a big pagoda tree in his yard, and five people can't hold it. This tree has a strange shape, its body leans to the southeast, branches at a height of three meters from the ground, and twists and turns, just like the horns on the head of a stag extend in all directions. The treetops are15m high and15m wide, with an umbrella shape, and the momentum is really extraordinary. According to legend, Sophora japonica has survived for more than 600 years. Speaking of the beginning, there is another touching legend.
This legend has to start from the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty.
/kloc-After 0/2 century, the northern Mongols crossed the Great Wall of Wan Li to attack the Han nationality, and finally Kublai Khan monopolized the Central Plains. However, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is in a leading position in culture and economy, are unwilling to be ruled by the Yuan Dynasty, and have risen up in succession. Finally, the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed by Zhu Yuan, and the Ming Dynasty was established in 1368. Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne of the emperor, with the title of Taizu and Hongwu.
In order to consolidate the rule, in the first year of Hongwu (1368), Ming Taizu set off an upsurge to drive the Mongols out of the Central Plains and eliminate the cultural influence of the Yuan Dynasty. In related works, he said: "Ming Taizu is a poor orphan in Fengyang, Anhui. Because his birthplace is near the birthplace of Emperor Gaozu, it shows that Taizu has many styles similar to that of Emperor Gaozu. Having said that, there are still many differences. One is that Emperor Gaozu hated learning, especially Confucianism, while Ming Taizu respected Confucianism because he needed people from the scholar-bureaucrat class to support him. But the main reason is to drive away the northern nationalities in China and destroy their culture. Perhaps this is why Ming Taizu emphasized that Confucianism represents the essence of China culture. "
After Ming Taizu drove the Mongols out of the Great Wall, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei were sparsely populated and the land was barren. In order to make up for the vacancy, in the second year of Hongwu (1369), an upsurge of Han immigrants arose. Move from a place with a large population and less arable land to a place with a small population and more arable land. A large number of immigrants traveled thousands of miles from south to north and moved to other places. At that time, many immigration stations were set up in various places, and there was an immigration station under the big locust tree in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province. Most of the immigrants in this immigration station are from Henan. Shaanxi and southwestern Shanxi. Immigrants dragged their children, helped the old and brought the young together under the big locust tree, and moved from there to the north one after another.
Among these immigrants, there is an old man in his sixties named Li, his wife named Zhang and his son named Bao Er. A family of three came from Henan to Hong Tong under the locust tree. One day, officials announced that Bao would move to Mayi County in the north. After listening to Li's words, they were puzzled because they were exhausted from walking from Henan to Hongtong County. Now they are asked to move from Hongdong to Mayi. How can this old couple walk so far? Because they are old and disabled. So Li begged the official: "Gentlemen, please be kind and let's get closer. I really can't walk this old bones. " "No, if you can go, you have to go. If you can't walk, you have to go. It's a royal rule. Offenders will be beheaded! " The housekeeper reprimanded severely. Li was so scared that he thought he might as well die on the road instead of being beheaded here. There is no other way but to leave. Before going on the road, Li asked Baoer to break a branch from the big locust tree and use it as a crutch. Leaning against the branches of Sophora japonica, he led his wife and children to leave the big Sophora japonica in Hongtong County and walked north.
The spring breeze in February, gently blowing during the day, is warm, but at night, especially late at night, it is bitterly cold. Li didn't feel the warmth of spring, and walked on the road against the northwest wind, taking a break and taking a break. Stay in the hotel at dark, hurry at dawn, quench your thirst with water, please. I walked mountain after mountain, crossed river after river, and I don't know how far the mountains and rivers have gone. On this day, when I came to the border, my wife Zhang finally fell ill because of hunger and fatigue, and died a few days later. The father and son wept bitterly and had to dig a hole to bury her. Li asked Bao 'er to kneel at the grave with him and said to his wife, "Bao Er, you can rest in peace here. Bao Er and I will leave and come ashore to pick you up. " The father and son began to cry again and dried their tears. Leaning against the branches of Sophora japonica, Li led Bao Er staggered on his way again.
When winter goes and spring comes, the ice in the river melts, the fields and beaches show green seedlings, the wicker is dotted with goose fragments, the geese line up in the air, dragging their long voices and calling, and everything is full of vitality. However, Li's health is getting weaker and weaker. He took a few steps, rested, rested, and took a few more steps. Supported by the branches of Sophora japonica, he can't walk three miles a day. When he came to Zhuang Ji Village, Mayi County, he felt weak and his legs could no longer walk. Li inserted the branches of Sophora japonica into the soil and finally fell to the ground. He closed his eyes and never stood up again. Bao Er leaned against her father and burst into tears. Everyone sympathized with Bao Er and found a broken mat to help Bao Er roll up his father and bury him. Li Baoer buried his father and went back to his original place to squat, not knowing what to do, whether to leave or stay. At this time, he suddenly saw a strange phenomenon: in less than three days, the branches of Sophora japonica planted by his father actually took root and sprouted green leaflets. Li Baoer was very surprised. He thought that after a month's walk from Hongdong, his parents died, but the Sophora branches lived. Is Hong Tong locust tree spiritual? Its skill is alive and it is the root of my Li family. Li Baoer finally stopped and settled down where the branches of Sophora japonica grew. During the day, he cultivated land and planted seeds. At night, he made bricks and built kilns.
Autumn has come, millet is yellow and sorghum is red. Li Baoer finally built three caves and harvested ten grains. The branches of Sophora japonica have also grown much taller, and the green leaves are swaying in the wind, showing great vitality. Some people saw that Bao Er was diligent and honest, so they betrothed their daughters to him. After a few years, the locust tree grew bigger and bigger, the tree was thick, and the branches and leaves were layered. Li Baoer's family, like a locust tree, gave birth to a new generation. He has children, so cute.
Willow branches in spring and fallen leaves in autumn. The locust tree has grown out, and it has grown out again after falling down ... Li Baoer has been like a locust tree for generations, and its population is prosperous, forming the "Li Family of Mayi Sophora Garden".
Hong Tong ancient pagoda has a history of 1000 years, and it has spirituality. I don't know if this is true or not. Anyway, it's such a coincidence that people say so. Old Li Man told a story: When he was young, one year, officers and men were stationed in the locust tree courtyard, and his grandfather built a stove to cook under the locust tree. A month later, the officers and men left, and the big pagoda tree was baked by smoke and fire, and the tree cracked a crack. A feng shui gentleman walked around the locust tree, looked it up and down, and said to his grandfather, "The locust tree is the root of your family. It has spirituality. Take good care of it. Wipe off the crack in the tree with mud and let it heal. Otherwise, there will be a blind man in your house! " Later, Mr. Feng Shui's words were really verified. At first, Li Shuan's aunt was blind; When she reached her parents' age, Li Shuan's mother got an eye disease and went blind in her later years. In Li Shu's life, his sister-in-law was working in the threshing floor and was blinded by a thorn from Gu Hua. When Li Shuan was a child, his two daughters got measles at the age of 4 and lost one eye. Li Shuan's grandfather covered the cracks in the locust tree with mud at that time, but by the time it healed, his family had passed down for four generations, and there was a blind man from generation to generation. Is this a coincidence, or is the pagoda tree spiritual? I don't know. Later, the Li family protected the big locust tree, no longer cooking under it, no longer chopping it with a knife and letting it grow naturally. Whenever you have a dry skill, hook it off with a hook. Now, although the locust tree is empty, its vitality is still very strong. When a piece of new green is born under the tree, it will jump to the branches of Sophora japonica. In a few days, the big pagoda tree will be covered with dark green leaves, and then a string of white and yellow flowers will bloom, emitting fragrance, like a natural tent.
Sophora japonica has grown from a twig to a deep root since the second year of Hongwu (1369). Lush, the Li family has experienced more than 600 years from Ann, with a prosperous population. Now there are tens of thousands of members of the Li family in Huaishuyuan, all over Shuozhou.
From the end of Shang Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Li lived in eastern Henan for 200 years. In the Western Han Dynasty, one moved to what is now Shandong. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Li nationality migrated to southwest Nanchuan and Yunnan, and some of them merged into Bai, Miao, Zhuang, Yi, Man, Hui, Tujia and Naxi nationalities. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Li was the most famous family in China, and was also called the four great families with Cui, Lu, Li and Zheng in the Central Plains. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society. Li Zhen's grandson, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, was the founding emperor, and gave his country's surname to the people, which made the Li family very large. It is mainly divided into two aristocratic families, one in Longxi (now Gansu) and the other in Zhaojun (now Hebei), which have been expanding all over the country. There are three main moves to the south: once, in the early Tang Dynasty, Li Yu and Li Yu, a native of Henan, entered Fujian to open Zhangzhou. The second time was the "An Shi Rebellion", and many descendants of Li took refuge and moved south. The third time was in the Five Dynasties, when Li moved to Fujian, Putian and Jinjiang. In the early Ming Dynasty, Li moved overseas, and all the people who went to Ryukyu were from Fujian. At that time, most of the agents sent by Ryukyu to Ming and Qing Dynasties were Li. According to the recent census statistics, the population of Li is nearly 1 100 million, ranking first among all surnames and the highest in the world. China, the whole world, if all the people surnamed Li stand side by side, they can circle the earth once and a half. Today, it's hard to say that Li took the pulse, sought the roots and asked his ancestors, and lived permanently in the world. Fortunately, there is a story that has spread all over the country so far. (2), Daming Shanxi immigrants, there are ancestors under the big locust tree "ask me where my ancestors are? What is the ancestral home of Sophora japonica in Hongdong, Shanxi? Old storks nest under the big locust tree. " For hundreds of years, this folk song has been handed down from generation to generation in China. An ancient locust tree bears the souls of many generations. Today, the relocation of ancient Sophora japonica in Hongtong County has been called "home", "ancestor" and "root" by many Chinese descendants at home and abroad, and has become the hometown in everyone's heart. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/4th century, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, natural and man-made disasters continued year after year. Or the drought is thousands of miles away, or the floods in Wang Yang are endless, or locusts drive the sun away, or plagues devour it. Rebels have sprung up all over the world, and the remnants are beating around endlessly. As a result, the population dropped sharply, and hundreds of people stayed behind, especially in North China. According to historical records, Xu Da, a general of the Ming Dynasty, attacked Shandong from Henan, and disappeared all the way. Yinyin crossed the road and no one moved for more than a month. Zhangbei County Records records that in the 18th year (1358) in September, the Red Scarf Army generals Guan, Toutoupan and others led the rebels to escape from the fortress. After Datong attacked Shangdu, it burned all the outposts along Xinghe Road, Zhongdu Road and Yehuling Road (now Zhangbeicheng, Baichengzi and Langwogou). Shanxi, which is known as "a mountain outside the mountain", is peaceful and rich because of the mountain blocking the river, with a population of four or five million (only 60 million in the country at that time). When Daming Mountain was stable, the imperial court decided to emigrate from Shanxi to Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places in order to restore people's livelihood and enhance national wealth. The court stipulated that a family of four moved to one place, a family of five moved to another place and a family of six moved to three places. From the early years of Hongwu to the fifteenth year of Yongle, there were eight large-scale immigration activities in 50 years, involving 882 surnames in more than 490 counties and cities in 18 province. Hongdong was the largest and most populous county in southern Shanxi at that time, and it was one of the settlements to be relocated. According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, there was a Guangji Temple on the west side of Jia Cun, two miles north of Hongdong. This temple is magnificent and full of pilgrims. There is a pagoda tree next to the temple, surrounded by trees, which are in pieces (the first generation of pagoda tree is more than 800 years ago, and there are no trees in the site). The second generation of Sophora japonica grew about 5 meters east of the first generation, with the same root. It has a history of more than 400 years, but it has dried up. After hurricane 1974 blew down, it was renovated and treated many times. Old storks on Fenhe beach nest in trees, which is very spectacular. The government has set up an agency here to deal with immigration affairs. When immigrants from all over the world gather here, they will move to other provinces. Before the immigrants left, they stared at the ancient locust, and the stork mourned for the people and could not bear to leave. At that time, men, women and children were tied into a string by ropes and escorted by soldiers. It was terrible to sleep all the way. Only when urinating and defecating did he beg to untie the rope that bound his hands, so people sometimes called defecation. In the Ming Dynasty, the migration of Sophora japonica in Hongdong was the largest official migration in China. Most of them migrated to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Beijing, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei, and a few migrated to Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. Later, some people moved to Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and northeast provinces. After these immigrants moved to new land, they either reclaimed wasteland and revived agriculture and mulberry trees; Or army reclamation to resist foreign invasion. After hundreds of years of reproduction, it has been expanding to the periphery. Up and down the river, inside and outside the Great Wall; From plain to mountain; From the dam to the estuary, there are descendants of Xiashan immigrants everywhere. According to legend, in modern China, warlords scuffled. Yuan Zhi Li Shikai attacked Shaanxi, and the army went all the way west. The soldiers plundered and robbed along the way, enriching themselves. When they arrived at the big pagoda tree in Hongtong County, the soldiers stopped. They hung all the looted things on the big pagoda tree and knelt down to worship their ancestors. When Yuan Shikai saw that the war could not go on, he withdrew his troops and returned to the East. Today, there is a table of ancient Huai descendants' surnames in the ancestral hall of Dahuaishu in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, with more than 800 surnames. Their memorial tablets are enshrined on the front. They all immigrated to various places 600 years ago, and then they were collected and made public, so that the descendants of immigrants at home and abroad could come here to find their roots. Nowadays, people in Zhangjiakou area are similar to Shanxi people in terms of pronunciation customs and cultural hobbies. In this way, there should be no doubt after Zhangjiakou immigrated to Shanxi. Isn't my Li family one of them? (3) After several generations of wandering under the Great Wall, Xishandi Village has a foothold in the southern edge of the Mongolian Plateau. Zhangbei and Chongli are divided into upper dam and lower dam with the winding Qin Changcheng as the boundary. At the foot of Hannuoba basalt platform formed by Himalayan orogeny, at the intersection of Jisha dam bottom, there is a small mountain village-Xishan bottom. According to the Records of Chongli County, the village was founded in the early Ming Dynasty, and my Li nationality settled, took root, made a fortune and expanded here. But when did the ancestors of that generation move to Xishandi Village? Is it someone who moved to the village at the beginning, or someone who moved later? Did you move directly from Shanxi? Or did you go through many twists and turns to get to this point? I don't even know today. The ancestor Li mentioned in this spectrum refers to the person who established his ancestors in the old grave at the bottom of Xishan Mountain. Roughly speaking, it should be born in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty (1800 or so). There are roughly three reasons for this move: First, the state plans immigrants to reclaim land, such as the Shanxi immigrants mentioned earlier. The second is the military garrison. In the Ming dynasty, the border guards guarded the border, with three points for defense and seven points for defense. In peacetime, they cultivated land, but in wartime, they became more and more fierce and hereditary, and they stayed here. Third, in order to expand the production and living space, I moved here myself. It turned out that from Liao, Jin, Song and Yuan Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, there was an official and merchant post road passing through Xishandi Village of Jishaba. It starts from Beijing in the southeast, Juyongguan in the north, passes through Dajingmen in Zhangjiakou and reaches Shaba. At the dam mouth, there is a proud Mongolian stone pile (flagpole). On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month in the old year, people from all over the country rode horses, herded cattle and herded sheep, and families, teams and teams of flowers came in droves. Set up tents, hang colored ropes, sacrifice skulls, jump ghosts and gods, race horses, shoot arrows and wrestle. The mutton is fragrant, the liquor is intoxicating, and the merchants demand it, which is quite lively. On weekdays, when people pass by the brain bag, they throw some copper coins on it, or at worst throw a stone as a sacrifice, in order to get up and down the dam safely and smoothly. In the 1990s, people suspected that it had antique treasures, and farmers in Shiliba Township turned it upside down. Therefore, Aobao Road diverges into two branches: the northwest one enters Zhangbei, passes through Erlian, Pangjiang, Ude and Daolin, and reaches Kulun (formerly China, now Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia) or Chaketu, a border city between China and Russia. The northeast passes through Yuanshanzi, Shibatai and Guyuan, reaching Zhenglan Banner or Balinzuoqi, and Longxing is the capital of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Until the 1960s, this road was endless. Especially in autumn and winter, cattle, sheep, donkeys, horses, and camels go south in succession, and people along the way warmly welcome them. By the end of 1960s, with the improvement of local slaughter, cold storage and cold transportation capacity, the live livestock transportation industry disappeared, and this road also declined. In the first five generations of the Cowley family, each generation was tied to catch the old bus and traveled to Zhangku Avenue once a year. From this perspective, all the above reasons for moving are possible. In Xishandi village, Li's ancestors got rich by wisdom and hard work. The land is widely distributed in Xishan, Erdaobian and Huanghuaping. When the Japanese army occupied the land, it was unsafe to farm because it was close to the Japanese stronghold. Secondly, the Japanese and the puppet regime send workers to contribute all day, and they can't afford it. No one dared to give away the land for nothing, so they had to throw it away. After farming, driving an old car, after a few years, it is also a small rich side. (4) Before the Banners released the land, the Eight Banners moved to Dongyuan Mountain in the late Qing Dynasty, causing civil strife and foreign invasion, which led to the decline of state affairs. The children of the Eight Banners only ate and drank, and began to auction the land occupied by their ancestors (after the Qing Dynasty entered Long Ting, the Banners forcibly competed everywhere). At that time, there were few Han people in Bashang, and they seldom cultivated land. Most of them were pastures of Manchu and Mongolian. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Tongzhitang, the director of Zhangjiakou, sent merchants to put land on the dam. The Han family in Halagou bought a large area of land in the east of Maliangpo, west of Zhixia Yingpan, south of Hualanjing and north of Tanggongwa (formerly the horse field of Manchu Baogongfu) and gradually transferred it to others. At this time, some Li people started from Maliangpo in the east, went to Langwogou Road in the west, went to Nanliang and Suiyangliang in the south, and went to Cunzhong Avenue and Donghegou in the north to buy a large area of land for farming. In addition, there are some land in other places, such as Laoya River and Xiyuan Mountain. At this time, Dongyuan Zi Shan opened up a village. Li Xuan, Li Lin, li miao and Li Yu were the first brothers to settle in Dongyuan Mountain. This is a big family in it runs in the family. The original land at the foot of Xishan Mountain under the dam continues to be cultivated, and the two industries are managed by * * * partners, and Nagato is in charge, each in its proper place. In addition to farming, I run old cars in summer and open oil mills in winter. Eating in large and small kitchens, working in long-term and short-term jobs, I was really rich for a while. Until the 1920s, the old brothers passed away one after another. Among these younger brothers, Quan Zhong is in charge of the family, but he is in charge of everything, and his wife Zhang is in charge of everything, whether at home or outside. Due to the growing family cause, children and grandchildren are full, people are mixed, contradictions are gradually emerging, output is unequal, bitterness and happiness are uneven, and labor remuneration is unbalanced, resulting in division among people. At the end of the 1920s, we finally split the shares according to the old four. Li Li Quanzhong shares. The second door, Li Jiezi, has the share of Li Quanji. Sanmen li miao and Sun. Four doors, Li Yu and the third son (Li, Li Quanyong and Li Quanfa). Dice, compare ideas, split shares. Give a piece of land at the gate of a good plot, a piece of golden beach and a piece of big back. On the slope, Nagato is divided into south back, the second door is divided into hills, the third door is divided into square corridors, and the fourth door is divided into mushroom circles. More than one hectare per share (at that time, 360 mu was called large mu, and later 240 mu was called small mu). From east to west, residential houses are arranged in rows, one for each household and one for each house foundation. There are three sets of mule-horse floats, one for each person. Four doors are thrown by the youngest Li Quanfa at Heimen (that is, three or six points), and the first good mule-horse cart is won, so I won't go into details. In the 1930s, Li, Li Quanyong and Li Quanfa split up again, with an average share of 20 or 30 mu, which reduced them to the lower-middle level. Among them, Li, the eldest son, has many children and grandchildren, and his family is even more poor. He gives more people long-term jobs and it is difficult to make a living. In the late 1930s, Sanmen Li Gui lost his second wife, thinking that the oil mill opened in the hospital had a hard foundation, so he brought his second daughter and younger brother Li You into the family. Two heavy smokers in a family (both Li and Li Gui smoke opium) sell land to smoke opium, and the cultivated land is decreasing year by year. By the early forties, Gui Li had passed away, and his nephew Li Zhensen (played by Li Youzi) threw a bowl and drew a banner. Although he is still rich, he is not as good as before. In the late 1940s, the second son, Li Quanji, and the third son grew up. In addition to the land in the village, he also rented and planted the temple land of Panzhaofeng Temple in Dongying (that is, the Mongolian young master Su Yuxiu's temple). 1948 On the eve of land reform in early winter, there were three sons and four shares (called one share of parents' pension field), each with 20 mu of land, one building and one homestead. After the separation, the land reform began. According to the land reform policy, the eldest son Li Wei, his wife, children and other four people deserve 40 mu of land, and the existing 20 mu can be divided into 20 mu. But at that time, my parents were autocratic, and I presided over all foreign affairs, and I had the final say. According to external accounts, there are eight people (two old people, three sons, a daughter-in-law and two grandchildren) and 80 mu of land, regardless of two parts. Internal settlement is based on the original separation, with 20 mu of land per share. In this way, Li Wei, the eldest son, lost 20 mu of land, and was poor from then on. Others have also left the bottom of Xishan Mountain to develop on the dam. Li X4 (Meiyatou), in addition to farming and running classic cars, also went to Xiyuanshan (now the school site) to open a big store for chariots and horses. At first, it was very hot. Later, due to the loss of the flag bearer's things in the hotel, the owner even cheated his family for compensation and took his four sons back to the bottom of Xishan Mountain to farm separately. Since then, the family has been devastated. Later, the eldest son, Li Quanfu, moved to Qingyanggou, Pan Dongying. Li and his sons, Li Fu, Li Mei and Li Yan, immediately settled in Zishan Village, Dongyuan, cultivated the land in the southeast of the village and the sloping land of Yangyangliang, and ran old carts to live a well-off life. His fourth son, Li Mao, was the last dam breaker in the period of 1957. In a word, with the reproduction of children, the population is gradually increasing, the per capita land is gradually decreasing, and families with few children are fairly well-off and families are gradually declining. 1949 during the land reform after the founding of new China, most of them became middle peasants, and some became poor peasants and lower middle peasants. 1955 after agricultural cooperation, the means of production are collectively owned, and no matter how rich or poor the family is, no matter how many people there are, they rely on labor to eat. At the right time, there are many children and more rations; With more labor, more work points and more bonuses, life is not as cost-effective as population. (5) A nation is thriving and blooming everywhere. Until 2005, there were no ethnic groups at the foot of Xishan Mountain. Most of them are registered in Zishan Village, Dongyuan, and some ethnic groups have moved to other places. Li Quanfu and his family moved to Qingyanggou, Pan Dongying. After his grandson Li Changsheng died, there were no descendants. Li moved to the steamed bread camp. Zhi Li moved to the west slope of Hualanjing, and Li Yushan, Li Zhenrong, Li Cheng and his son, Li Zhenzhi, Zhenyu Li, Li Zhenquan, Li Zhenping, Li Ju, Li Ming and his son, Li Zhenrui and Li Zhenjiang successively moved to Zhangbei County. Li Zhenwu moved from Zhangbei City to Zhangjiakou City on 1987. Li Zhenfu's father died and his mother got married. He moved to Ertai Village, Huailai County. At the end of the 20th century, with the reform and opening up, many ethnic groups abandoned agriculture to go to cities or work, or grow vegetables or do business. Some people live in cities and some in Beijing, but their household registration has not left their place of origin, so it will not be recorded. The Li family has been handed down for nine calendar years, with at least 194, so there are 59.