Unlike Vincent Van Gogh, who lived in poverty all his life, Picasso's life was brilliant. He was the first painter who lived to see his works collected by the Louvre. In the opinion poll of a French newspaper in February, 1999, he was elected as the top ten greatest painters of the 20th century with a high vote of 40%.
Regarding the works, Picasso said, "Every painting of mine contains my blood, which is the meaning of my painting." In the face of hard-working Picasso and genius creation, will you be respectful?
1881-1900 childhood
188 1 10 Picasso was born in Malaga, southern Spain;
1889 completed the first oil painting "matador";
1895 entered Barcelona longha art school;
1897 Entered the Royal san fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. His oil painting "Science and Charity" won the honorary prize of the National Art Exhibition in Madrid, and later won the gold medal in Malaga.
1900 ——1903 blue period
1902 completed the "blue selfie";
1903, he finished his life, and expressed the sufferings of poverty, old age and loneliness with a strong blue tone;
1904 ——1906 rising period
1904 the "laundry boat" that began to settle in Paris began in the rose period. Meet Fernand Olivier and live together;
1905, he wrote "The Boy" with a pipe, which was bought by the philanthropist Ms. John Hestney for a huge sum of 30,000 dollars.
1906, he met Matisse, the master of fauvism, and painted Chu Stein as an American writer and collector. The Portrait of Stein is a springboard for Picasso to leap from the "rose period" to the "cubism".
1907- 19 16 cubist period
/kloc-met Braque in 0/907, and began to create cubist style, creating "The Girl of avignon";
1909 analytical cubism began; Create "The Head of Fernand";
1917-1924 classical period
19 17 met the dancer Olga koklova in Italy and created the portrait of Olga;
19 18 married Olga and held a joint exhibition with Matisse;
1920 hand-painted coral version of the triangle hat;
1922 created two women running by the sea;
1925- 1932 surrealist period
1927, I met Mary Teresa Valki, who was only 17 years old, and became a Picasso model. And gave birth to a daughter Maggie;
1929 together with the sculptor Gong Sahles, he created sculptures and wire structures. Make a series of aggressive paintings with female heads as the theme, show the marriage crisis and get to know Dali;
1932 ——1945 metamorphosis period
1932 created The Woman in the Red Armchair;
1933 Create etching paintings with the theme of sculptor's studio.
1934 created works with the theme of bullfighting;
1936 Spanish civil war broke out. Know Dora. Mar, and created a portrait of Dora Maar;
Guernica wrote on1937;
1942 created the print "The Story of Nature"
1943 met 22-year-old Francois Giraud;
/kloc-joined the French * * * production party in 0/944;
1945 began to try lithograph creation;
1946 ——1973 pastoral period
1947 son Claude was born. He made pottery in the potter's hamill studio, and by 1948 * * *, he made 2000 pieces of pottery works of art;
1948 made posters of "dove of peace" and "twenty poems by gongola" for the world peace conference;
1949 created Carmen series;
1950 won the Lenin Peace Medal;
1953, met Jacqueline Locke in Madura Ceramic Workshop;
1954 began to create a series of variations of "Algerian Women" by Delacroix;
1956, the film "Mysterious Picasso" was released, with Crouzeau * * *;
1957, Picasso's 75th anniversary exhibition was held in new york Museum of Modern Art, and the print "Bullfighting Series" was created.
1958 Picasso created the mural "The Fall of Icarus" for the UNESCO headquarters building in Paris;
1959 created a series of variations imitating MANET's Lunch on the Grass;
196 1 married 35-year-old Jacqueline Locke to celebrate Picasso's 80th birthday;
Painters and models in 1963;
1966, a large-scale retrospective exhibition of Picasso was held in the Grand Palace and the Small Palace in Paris. Creation of quicksand series;
1968 created a series of prints of Lapis lazuli and Ridiculous Man;
1970, nearly 2,000 early works preserved in Spain were donated to Picasso Museum in Barcelona;
197 1 year, the exhibition of Picasso's 90th birthday was held at the National Museum of Modern Art in Paris;
1973, aged 92, died in Zhan Mu near Cannes on April 8th. On April 10, he was buried in the villa garden of Fuwennaju.
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Introduction to van Gogh
"His life is the hardest, hardest and most brilliant life that people have ever experienced ..."
Van Gogh, 37, shot himself in despair. ...
Today, Van Gogh has become a great artist, an alien, eternal genius and an ascetic in the history of art ...-[Van Gogh Art Museum]
/kloc-Vincent Van Gogh, a great artist in the 0/9th century, was born in a pastor's family in Dherdt, southern Netherlands on March 30th, 853. His father is Theodore Lu Van Gogh, a local priest. His mother's name is Anna cornelia. Four years later, Van Gogh's younger brother Theo was born. He was the staunchest supporter and admirer of Van Gogh in his life.
Van Gogh didn't like learning when he was a child, but he was very talented in language. He can speak English, German and French, and he can also write letters with them. In addition, he later learned Latin and Greek when he was studying religion, and his mother tongue was Dutch. He always knows six languages. This shows that Van Gogh is a very clever man, and he is not a madman! This must be clarified! Please read the article "You can't describe him as a madman".
186 1 year, van Gogh entered primary school. 1869, 16-year-old Van Gogh entered the Hague branch of Paris courier company (the largest gallery in Europe at that time) under the introduction of Vincent, an artist with the same name as Van Gogh. This shop was founded by Uncle Vincent. The current manager is a young Mr. Testiger. This shop sells copies of oil paintings and famous paintings. Van Gogh worked as a shop assistant there. Later, due to his excellent work, he was transferred to the London branch. Van Gogh's simple, sincere and enthusiastic personality made others like him very much, and his future seemed bright, because his uncle was one of the largest art dealers in Europe at that time, and he was regarded as the ideal successor of this famous art dealer.
Van Gogh learned a lot of artistic knowledge and read a lot of literary works through his work these days (Van Gogh loved reading all his life, as can be seen from his letters), which made him have a high artistic appreciation at an early age, which also laid the foundation for him to become an outstanding artist in the future. His favorite painters are Miller, Rembrandt, Brayton and others.
187 1 year, my father was transferred to Helvette.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/872, Van Gogh returned to Helvette to visit his parents and met his younger brother Theo, who was studying abroad. In August, Theo went to The Hague, and Van Gogh and his younger brother had a pleasant and unforgettable day. After Theo left, they started a lifelong correspondence. These 650 letters written by Van Gogh to Theo are the most important information for us to know about Van Gogh. (Please see Van Gogh's letters on this website)
1873, Theo began to work in the Brussels branch of Gubil Company and became a colleague with Van Gogh.
1874, Van Gogh failed to propose to his landlord's daughter in London, which was the first great blow. Desperate, he lost his enthusiasm for his work, and his customers and colleagues had a lot of complaints about him. Finally, at the beginning of 1876, Van Gogh was fired by Gubil Company.
Van Gogh found a job as a teacher through an advertisement in the newspaper. 1in April, 876, he came to Ramsgate, a seaside town in England, and worked as an unpaid intern teacher in a school run by Mr. Stokes. In July, the school moved to Lovas, but after the probation period, Van Gogh still didn't get his salary. He began to look for another way out. At this time, he was lucky enough to know the local pastor Jones and work as a teaching assistant in the school run by the pastor. Later, he became an assistant priest, and even Van Gogh had his first missionary. This is exactly what he dreamed of, because after his love affair in London, he has devoted himself to religion and become a "religious fanatic".
In February 65438, Van Gogh went home for Christmas. I have never been back to England since then. The specific reason is unknown.
1877, with the help of Uncle Vincent, Van Gogh worked as a clerk in a bookstore in Dordrecht. But because he devoted himself to religion and neglected his work, he lost his job four months later.
1877 in may, with his father's consent, he came to Amsterdam and stayed at uncle John's house, then commander of the Dutch navy, to prepare for the entrance examination for the theological seminary. Van Gogh's uncle is a respected priest and found the best teacher for him. But because he was eager to engage in practical work and hated obscure Latin and Greek, he gave up continuing his studies.
1In July, 878, he entered the mission school in Brussels again, but he still didn't get the graduation letter.
In 65438+February of the same year, he resolutely went to the Japanese mining area in Borina to work as a priest. This is a place like hell. Miners lead an inhuman life, and gas explosions often occur. In order to give the miners the greatest help, Van Gogh lived and ate in the same shabby house, and gave them all his food and articles. Later, because of his "enthusiasm" and "ugly" image for his work, the church thought that he had damaged the image of the priest and fired him. But van Gogh's behavior was respected by miners, and some people regarded him as a saint.
After being fired again, Van Gogh did not leave immediately, but continued to volunteer for missionary and relief work. This time he is going to engage in art!
1880 10 on the recommendation of a friend, I went to Brussels to study and create.
188 1 In April, Van Gogh returned to Eton where his parents lived. He began to study and create paintings, and his family and relatives have begun to be disappointed with him (in fact, they have always been disappointed). But at this time, Van Gogh's deep passion for art has just begun to burn.
While at Eton College, he fell in love with his cousin Kay, who had just lost her husband (that is, the daughter of the priest uncle who had helped Van Gogh). He got along well with Kay, but when he proposed to her, he was rejected again! Kay fled back to Amsterdam. The infatuated Van Gogh went to Kay's parents' residence to find her, but Kay's father refused Van Gogh's request. Van Gogh put his hand on the lighted candle and deliberately set himself on fire. Kay's father finally had to blow out the candles ... Van Gogh left.
Van Gogh, who was hit again, came to The Hague. He got help from Anton Moff, a relative of the famous painter. Under the guidance of Muff, Van Gogh made rapid progress in painting skills. He was also supported by Testiger, manager of Gubil branch in The Hague. But later, for various reasons, such as Van Gogh rejected Muff's suggestion: painting plaster statues. However, it is more reasonable to say that Van Gogh finally broke up with Muff and Tessie because of his association with Sean. His life is in trouble again. He could only live on the money sent by his brother Theo every month, and this life supported by his brother continued until Van Gogh committed suicide.
1882 In February, Van Gogh met his daughter Sean and lived with her. Out of sympathy for his miserable life, Van Gogh decided to live a quiet life with Sean. Everyone is against their alliance, even Theo. They finally broke up.
In mid-September, after breaking up with Sean, Van Gogh left The Hague for Drenthe, northern Netherlands, and began to wander and create for several months.
1at the end of 883, 30-year-old Van Gogh came to his parents' new home in Newnan.
1On March 26th, 885, Van Gogh's father died. When Van Gogh finished one of his masterpieces (the so-called fame is the evaluation of later generations, no one knew Van Gogh at that time), people who ate potatoes. Van Gogh in this period was influenced by Dutch painters and Rembrandt. These paintings are deep and thick, with a strong local flavor. On the one hand, farmers like painting out of respect and admiration for workers, but also influenced by his spiritual mentor-Miller.
1885165438+10 In October, Van Gogh went to Antwerp to study and create. He began to admire Rubens and get in touch with Japanese ukiyo-e paintings.
1886 February, Van Gogh suddenly went to Paris to live with his younger brother Theo. Theo was already a well-known art dealer at that time, and he highly admired Impressionists and neo-impressionism painters. Under the introduction of his younger brother, Van Gogh met painters such as paul gauguin, Emile Bernard, Toulouse-Lautrec, Camille pissarro and Seurat. I also met the donkey who deals in painting supplies. During this period, Van Gogh was deeply influenced by impressionist painting, and his pictures became bright and fresh, using some impressionist techniques such as stippling. At the same time, he also began to create famous self-portraits.
1888 At the beginning of the year, 35-year-old Van Gogh was tired of the city life in Paris and went to arles, a small town in the south of France, to look for the bright sunshine and boundless farmland he longed for. He rented the "Yellow House" and prepared to build a "painter's home" (also known as "Southern Studio"). His creation really reached a climax. Sunflower, Night Coffee-Outdoor, Night Coffee-Indoor, Harvest Scenery and Fishing Boat on the Coast are representative works of this period. But he still has to live on Theo's allowance.
During his stay in arles, Van Gogh met the postman Lu Lin, and the kind Lulin may be Van Gogh's only friend in arles. Van Gogh also painted many portraits of their family.
In June 65438+10, Gauguin came to Aier to live with Van Gogh, which Van Gogh dreamed of. In order to decorate Gauguin's house, he planned to paint a dozen (12) sunflowers, but unfortunately he didn't finish painting them. His feelings for Gauguin are complicated. He respected Gauguin very much, but because of the differences in personality and art, they often quarreled. Later, Van Gogh often went insane because of overwork. After arguing with Gauguin, he lost his mind and tried to "assassinate" Gauguin. After Gauguin left, Van Gogh returned to the "yellow house", cut off a part of his right ear and gave it to a local girl ... This is the famous "ear cutting incident". Gauguin left, and Van Gogh's grand plan to establish a "painter's house" ended. He also fell into the quagmire of mental illness.
1889 In April, Theo got married.
In May, Van Gogh came to the monastery in Saint-Remy for psychiatric treatment with mixed feelings (Van Gogh should have epilepsy, and some people infer that Van Gogh has genetic factors of this disease because his family has this medical history).
He gets sick every once in a while, but he is usually extremely sober (epileptic patients are like ordinary people when they are not sick) and has created a lot of works. At this time, Van Gogh has completely surpassed Impressionism, formed his own unique style, and became a master of careful painting!
Van Gogh believed that painting should not only be satisfied with imitating the external image of things ... but should express the artist's subjective opinions and emotions while depicting nature with emotion and truth, so as to make the works have personality and unique style.
It can be said that expressing the artist's subjective feelings by painting is the theme of some painting schools and even the whole modern art, but at that time, Van Gogh and Gauguin were not known at all, so Van Gogh only sold one oil painting in his life, and his artistic creation in the past ten years was carried out with the support of Theo. Starry Moon Night is the most famous work in the period of Saint Remy, and it can also be said that it is the most famous one of all his works.
1890 In May, Van Gogh went to Paris to meet his younger brother Theo, his wife and their son who had just been born for more than a year (Van Gogh's nephew, also named Vincent Van Gogh, later became an excellent engineer, and the Van Gogh Art Museum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands was established at his urging. )
On may 2 1 day, van Gogh moved to Orville near Paris to be treated by Dr. gachet. Everything is going well. However, the famous work Rye and Crow is considered to have predicted the death of Van Gogh.
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Michelangelo and his paintings;
Michelangelo Buonarroti (475- 1564), as a master of the Renaissance, had an unparalleled influence both before and after his death with his magnificent masterpiece spanning time and space. As versatile as Leonardo da Vinci, he is also a sculptor, painter, architect and poet. He was lucky enough to live to the age of 89 and spent more than 70 years in his artistic career. He experienced the ups and downs of life and the indifference of the world, which made his works have dramatic effect, magnificent momentum and tragic human nature.
David, carved in marble with a height of 4 10cm,1501-kloc-0/504, is now in the Art Museum of Florence Art Institute.
The Bible says that when David was a young shepherd, the Israelites often fought with the Philistines. One day, just as the two armies were arrayed, suddenly, a general rushed out of the Philistine camp. Wearing a bronze helmet and armor, he crouched, seven feet tall ... this man is Goliath from Gath. Seeing this situation, no one in the Israeli camp dared to fight. For 40 days in a row, Goliath scolded the array.
David has three brothers who are soldiers in the army of King Saul of Israel. One day, David brought his three brothers food, which coincided with Goliath's scolding. David trembled with anger when he heard this crazy remark. When he saw his brother and King Saul of Israel, he insisted on going out to fight. David didn't wear a helmet or armor, nor did he carry weapons or guns. He was still wearing his usual shepherd's clothing, and when he was herding sheep, he took a wolf stick and a slingshot, and picked up five stone heads by the way. Goliath only saw a shepherd's child and didn't take him seriously at all. Just as Goliath rushed at him with a steel knife, ready to get close to David, David pulled up his prepared slingshot and hit Goliath on the forehead with a stone. The giant of Gath plunged into the ground and couldn't get up again. The Philistines were shocked by this unexpected result. Suddenly, there was great chaos in the camp, and Israel attacked them, and the Philistines fled. ...
Michelangelo was less than 30 years old when he created this statue, but his artistic style has matured. Most artists in the past showed that David cut off the enemy's giant and won. Michelangelo's performance is: David raised his left hand, carrying a "sling" on his shoulder, and his right hand drooped as if to make a fist. Head slightly bent, glaring straight ahead, in a state of meeting the battle. From the artistic effect, the state before the climax of this contradiction is more attractive. In terms of ideological effect, the statue fully embodies a tenacious, firm and just spiritual temperament. Michelangelo portrayed David as a typical young soldier who defended and controlled the city, which reflected his political thoughts. In terms of artistic skills, based on anatomy, the artist's depiction of human body structure and whole body muscles is extremely reasonable and natural. At the same time, the opponent's joints and thighs are exaggerated and stretched, and his hands and feet are slightly larger, which is normal for a teenager. His facial expression is also very realistic. He frowned, his eyes were bright, and he was absorbed, showing a mighty gesture that overwhelmed all enemies. This work has become a model for later artists to learn sculpture and is one of the most outstanding works in the history of sculpture.
Day and night, morning twilight, marble statue, built for medici family Mausoleum, created by Michelangelo in 1520- 1534, now located in Rome.
The tomb of the Florentine giant medici family is located in a chapel in the church of San Lorenzo, which was built intermittently during 15 years. Michelangelo made several famous statues for this mausoleum, which became the last stage of his creation. Among them, the most famous figures are "Day" and "Night" in front of giuliano Medici, Duke of Nemore, and "Twilight" and "Morning" in front of Lorenzo Medici, Duke of urbino, which are four symbolic sculptures born out of ancient river gods.
The sky seems to be an unfinished male human statue. He seems to have just woken up from sleep, his right hand supporting his body behind his back, his eyes wide open and he stared forward over his shoulders. Night is a beautiful woman, but her muscles are flabby. She held her head in her right hand and slept soundly. The owl at her feet symbolizes the arrival of the night, and the mask behind her pillow symbolizes the nightmare. She seems exhausted and can only find peace in her dreams. Twilight shows a strong middle-aged man, his flabby muscles drooping feebly, his old face immersed in a calm anti-awakening, perhaps stunned by depression; The image of "morning" is the embodiment of virgins. She is plump and strong, full of youthful vitality and brilliance, and seems to be struggling to wake up from a coma, but there is no joy, only physical and mental pain. These four words are endowed with special meanings and have a strong sense of instability. They toss and turn, as if disturbed by the world, with a sad face, which not only symbolizes the passage of time, but also represents the fate of life and death dominated by time.
Medici family Mausoleum and its sculptures are immortal masterpieces and an important turning point in Michelangelo's artistic career. In particular, the anxiety, tension and bitter submission expressed by these four statues are a true portrayal of the author's heart. When Michelangelo faced the turbulent Italian real society, the ideal of humanism was shattered, and his thoughts began to become deep and depressed, leaving only worries about the fate of the motherland and sadness about the bright future of mankind in his works. These sculptures show that the golden age of the Italian Renaissance has passed, and they became the pioneers of later "Stylistic" works of art..
Brief introduction of sculpture master Michelangelo
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475- 1564), a great Italian painter, sculptor and architect in the Renaissance, is the representative of the highest peak of sculpture art in the Renaissance. 1475 was born in Cabrisse, near Florence. His father was the autonomous mayor of Quiche and Cabrisse. At the age of 65,438+03, he entered the studio of Florentine painter Ghirlandaio, and later transferred to the Medici College of St. Kyle Abbey as an apprentice. From 65438 to 0496, Michelangelo came to Rome and created the first batch of representative works, such as Bacchus, Dionysus and Mourning for Christ. 150 1 year, he returned to Florence and completed the world-famous statue of David in four years. 1505 In Rome, he was ordered by Pope Julius II to build the Pope's mausoleum. 1506 returned to Florence after the work was stopped. 1508, he was ordered to return to Rome, and it took four years and five months to finish the ceiling mural of the famous Sistine Chapel. 15 13 years, the construction of the Pope's Mausoleum was resumed, and Michelangelo created the famous "Moses, Bound Slave and Dying Slave". 15 19- 1534, in Florence, he created the greatest work of his life-the group sculpture of medici family Mausoleum in the church of San Lorenzo. 1536, Michelangelo returned to the Ting Church in Romasis and spent nearly six years creating the great mural "The Doomsday Judgment". After that, he lived in Rome, engaged in sculpture, architecture and a little painting, until 1564 died in his studio in February. Michelangelo represented the highest peak of sculpture art in Renaissance Europe. The characters he created are magnificent and full of infinite power. A large number of his works show unusual ideal treatment based on realism and become typical symbols of the whole era. His artistic creation was deeply influenced by humanism and the religious reform movement, and he often used realistic techniques and romantic fantasies to express the patriotism and the spirit of fighting for freedom of the civil class at that time. Michelangelo's art is different from Leonardo da Vinci's scientific spirit and philosophical thought, but he devoted his tragic passion to his works of art, and this tragedy was manifested in a magnificent form. The hero he created was both a symbol of ideal and a reflection of reality. All these make his artistic creation an insurmountable peak in the history of western art.
Introduction of handed down works: David, a marble statue, is 2.5 meters high, even if it is placed on a pedestal, it is 5.5 meters high. Michelangelo was created in 150 1- 1504, and is now in the collection of Florence Academy of Fine Arts. Michelangelo lived in an era of social unrest in Italy, and his wandering life made him doubt his own time. In addition to his pain and disappointment, he devoted his thoughts to artistic creation, and at the same time, he was looking for his own ideals and created a series of heroic images as magnificent, strong and brave as giants. David is the most outstanding representative of this idea. David is a young hero in the Bible. He once killed Goliath, the Philippian giant who invaded the Jews, and defended the cities and people of the motherland. Michelangelo did not follow the scene of David stepping on the enemy's head after defeating the enemy, but chose David's state when he met the battle. In this work, David is a muscular and well-proportioned young man. He stood confidently, personable, holding a stone in his left hand, his right hand drooping, his head turning to the left, his face handsome, and his eyes staring at the distance, as if searching for distant enemies on the horizon, ready to enter a new battle. David's physique is magnificent and powerful, his manners are brave and strong, and his body, face and muscles are full of tension, which embodies all the external and internal idealized male beauty. The young hero glared at the front, his expression was full of concentrated tension and strong will, and the great power accumulated in his body seemed to break out at any time. Different from the scenes that predecessors used to show after the battle, Michelangelo created the moments before the passion of the characters here, making his works more appealing in art. His posture seems to be resting, but his body posture shows some tension, giving people a strong feeling of "moving in silence". This statue is carved from a whole stone. In order to make the statue look more magnificent on the pedestal, the artist specially enlarged the head and arms of the figure, making David look taller and more powerful from the audience's perspective, full of a sense of giant. This statue is regarded as one of the most boastful male human statues in the history of western art, and more importantly, David is the concrete embodiment of Renaissance humanism. On the surface, it is the "revival" of ancient Greek art, but in essence, people are freed from the shackles of the dark Middle Ages and fully realize the great power of people to transform the world. Michelangelo injected great enthusiasm into the carving process, creating not only a statue, but also a symbol of artistic expression of the ideological emancipation movement. As the highest realm of sculpture works of an era, David always radiates endless brilliance in the history of art.