My total investment in opening a science and technology store is 50,000 yuan, including equipment, franchise fees and technology.
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Pruning: During the dormant period, take healthy 1 year-old branches with sufficient light at the upper part of the crown, cut them from the lower nodes, and cut off branches about 30cm long. Immerse the lower part of this branch 1-2cm in noise-induced butyric acid (IBA) of 1000mg/L for about 10s, take it out, cut it into clean river sand, shade it for 8- 10 weeks, and keep a certain humidity. At the end of this period, when the roots begin to develop, don't let them grow too fast to avoid injury in future sports. After that, the cuttings were moved to a 25C hotbed suitable for root growth, and the hotbed could be mixed with 3 parts of coarse sand and 1 part of peat. Rooted cuttings can be planted directly in nutrition cups.
(2) Soft branch cutting: In the growing season, cut off new shoots with moderate growth potential (avoid using long branches), cut off branches with a length of 10cm from the base, leave 3-4 leaves at the top, and cut off half of the leaves to reduce evaporation. Soak the branch base in 1000mg/L high-noise T- acid (IBA) for about 10s, and cut on perlite substrate, and keep it moist in a greenhouse or plastic shed with ventilation and cooling measures, pay attention to proper shading to prevent exposure at noon, and spray it frequently to increase air humidity. After rooting, move into fields and nutrition cups.
Seedling propagation
The self-pollination rate of many peaches is very high, and the variation of offspring is very small, so many old producing areas still retain the habit of breeding with seeds. Such as Huang Gan in Ning County, Gansu Province, Qingzhou peach in Yidu, Shandong Province, Hunchun peach in Tai 'an, Liaoning Province, etc. However, in large-scale economic cultivation, the yield is required to be highly commercialized. If seedlings are still used for reproduction, the varieties are often mixed. Inconsistency between yield and quality seriously affects orchard management and income. Therefore, grafting propagation is better in economic cultivation.
cultivation techniques
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Seedling selection
According to the soil, climate, management level and local market conditions, select excellent varieties with high yield and right production and marketing, and do a good job in matching early, middle and late maturity varieties. [5]
Garden construction and planting
Selecte slightly acidic sandy soil or sandy loam with good drainage, deep soil layer and PH value of 5.5-6.5, and dig big holes for planting; Terraces should be built on low hills and slopes, with planting density of 40-50 plants per mu in flat land and 50-60 plants in mountainous areas.
Fertilization and topdressing
The base fertilizer advocates applying fertilizer in autumn and winter, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 60% ~ 70% of the annual fertilization. Generally, 2000kg manure or150kg is applied per mu; Apply 10% special fertilizer for fruit trees per mu. The frequency, time and dosage of topdressing vary according to varieties, tree ages, cultivation management methods, growth and development periods and external conditions. Generally, pre-bud fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and post-harvest fertilizer are the main fertilizers.
Tree and tree structure:
Trees are naturally happy to have three main branches. Tree structure: the height of adult trees is about 2.5 ~ 3 meters, the trunk is 30 ~ 40 cm high, and there are three main branches, each of which occupies the direction of 120. Each main branch is equipped with 1 ~ 2 auxiliary branches, and the opening angle is about 75.
Tree culture:
In the year of planting, the stem should be fixed at 50 ~ 60 cm, and there should be more than 3 strong buds in the plastic belt under the incision. In the first year of growth after planting, new shoots with strong growth and good orientation are selected as main branches for cultivation, and the remaining new shoots can be thinned or twisted as auxiliary branches. In the second year after planting, select strong lateral branches 50 ~ 60 cm away from the main branches with good opening angle, cultivate auxiliary main branches, and cultivate large and small fruiting branches on both main branches and auxiliary main branches.
Trim:
Dormancy (winter) pruning. It can be carried out after defoliation and before germination, and pruning adopts the combination of short cutting and thinning, as well as measures such as long laying, shrinking branches and winding branches. Pruning of fruit branches: long fruit branches, about one-third of the branch length; The middle fruit branches are generally not short except for sparse branches and dense branches; Short fruit branches should be left 10 cm/branch. The amount of branches left depends on site conditions, management level, tree age, tree potential and yield requirements. Pruning in growth period mainly includes technical measures such as re-pruning, de-sprouting, thinning, twisting, pinching, pulling, cutting tips and moving branches after flowering. [5]
Peach has a high fruit setting rate, so it is necessary to thin the fruit and control the amount of fruit left. Fruit thinning should be carried out twice, from late April to early May and middle and late May respectively. Generally, short fruit branches leave 1 fruit, middle fruit branches leave 2 fruits, and long fruit branches leave 3 ~ 5 fruits. Spraying and bagging in time after fruit setting. The harvest time of fruit depends on the characteristics of varieties, and it is appropriate to harvest eight-ripe fruits.
Pests that harm peach trees include peach gummosis, aphids, pear moth, green leafhopper, peach moth, thorn moth, military pest, mulberry white scale and so on. , and should be sprayed in time according to the situation.
control of insect
Peach gummosis
Gummosis can occur on branches, shoots, leaves and fruits, with branches being the most serious. The bark of diseased branches is rough, cracked and difficult to heal, and yellow-brown transparent glue flows out. When the gum flow is serious, the tree is weak, which is easy to become the spawning ground of the pink-necked longicorn beetle and accelerates the death of peach trees.
There are many reasons for the gum flow of peach trees, such as pests and diseases, improper fertilization (lack of fertilizer or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer), insufficient soil viscosity and drainage, too much pruning in summer, too deep planting, continuous cropping, hail disaster, drought and flood, freezing injury, sunburn, mechanical damage and so on. All these will cause the glue flow of peach trees. Old and weak trees are more serious.
Prevention and control methods:
1, strengthen comprehensive management, promote the normal growth and development of trees, and enhance the tree potential.
2. Scrape the branches with serious gum flow in autumn and winter, and disinfect the wound with Pomei 5-6 degree stone sulfur mixture or 100 times copper sulfate solution; Or brush with 1︰4 alkaline water, which also has certain curative effect.
Yellow peach grub
Also known as peach moth, peach spot moth, it is an important fruit-eating pest of peach trees, and can also harm many fruit trees and crops such as corn and sorghum. It is harmful for larvae to feed in the fruit, and the damaged fruit is covered with insect dung, which can easily cause fruit cracking and rot, seriously affecting the quality and yield.
Prevention and control methods:
1, fruit bagging. Peach grows to the size of thumb, and is bagged after the second natural fall to prevent moths from laying eggs on the fruit surface.
2. Chemical control. At the adult stage and the peak spawning stage, 10% imidacloprid is 4000 ~ 6000 times or 2.
In addition, the sugar and enzymes contained in pineapple have a certain diuretic effect, which is beneficial to nephritis and hypertension, and also has an auxiliary effect on bronchitis. Because of the function of cellulose, it also has a certain effect on the treatment of constipation. When you have indigestion, eating pineapple can stimulate appetite, relieve greasy, help digestion and relieve constipation. In addition, pineapple is rich in vitamin B 1, which can promote metabolism and eliminate fatigue. [7]
Pineapple juice has a cooling effect and can effectively prevent bronchitis, but it is best not to have a fever. According to medical research, since ancient times, human beings often rely on bromelain contained in pineapples to relieve the symptoms of sore throat and cough. Pineapple peel is rich in bromelain and has rich medicinal value. According to the experiments of foreign experts for more than 20 years, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes is obviously reduced after long-term consumption of pineapple peel, and it has certain anti-cancer effect. It also contains an enzyme that can decompose protein.
As a fresh food, pineapple is golden in color, rich in fragrance, sweet and sour, crisp and juicy. Pineapple fruit is mostly used for canning except fresh food, and is widely loved because it can keep its original flavor. Canned pineapple is known as "international canned fruit" and can also be made into a variety of processed products, which are widely welcomed by consumers.
Pineapple, like some fruits, can make some people allergic, and the allergic reaction can appear within 15 minutes at the earliest. This symptom is called "pineapple disease" or "pineapple poisoning". For example, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, skin flushing, itching all over the body, numbness of limbs, mouth and tongue, dyspnea, shock and other serious allergic reactions.
Before eating, the pineapple is soaked in salt water, and some organic acids contained in it can be decomposed in salt water to remove the sour taste and make the pineapple taste sweeter. You can also scald it with boiling water before eating. Bromelain began to denature at 45℃~50℃, and more than 90% was destroyed at 100℃. Glycosides can also be destroyed and eliminated at the same time; Serotonin is soluble in water. After cooking, the taste is also improved. Don't eat too many pineapples at a time. Excessive consumption is harmful to the stomach. The baby who eats for the first time only eats the size of a biscuit. If there is no abnormality, the amount can be increased appropriately next time.
1. Because pineapple contains stimulating glycoside and bromelain, it will decompose protein in the body and stimulate the young epidermis of human oral mucosa and lips. If you don't soak the pineapple in salt water before eating, you will feel paralyzed and tingling. So trim the skin and thorns, cut the pulp into pieces, soak it in light salt water or sugar water, and leach out the glycosides before eating. After pineapple is soaked in salt water, it can effectively destroy the internal allergic structure of "pineapple prion", thus losing the ability to make people allergic and the toxicity to some constitutions.
After eating meat or greasy food, eating pineapple is good for your health. "Pineapple Goo Old Meat" and "Pineapple Beef" are both safe dishes to eat.
3. Pineapple and eggs can't be eaten together. Protein in eggs is combined with fruit acid in pineapple, which easily coagulates protein and affects digestion.
4, pineapple and honey can be eaten at the same time, pineapple honey soup can cure bronchitis. However, people who are unwell or have diarrhea symptoms are advised not to eat like this. [7]
Pineapple flowers germinate, grow and bloom brilliantly. No distractions, no boundaries, even places, we must go deep into the essence. This belief in pursuing perfection has always been accompanied by pineapple flowers. There are many small flowers densely clustered on the stem, forming a thick spike, and the bracts at the top of the spike extend radially. Every little flower is a star. Flowers are yellow, light green, pink and white. Pineapple is a very beautiful indoor potted flower, which can enjoy flowers and leaves. With its rosette-like plant type, bright ear color and long flowering period, it has gradually become the "darling" of the New Year flower market.
Gift-giving etiquette: paper towels are laid in the flower basket, and tropical fruits such as pineapple, lily and boiled pineapple are put inside.
The origin of the name
First of all, the origin of pineapple is related to paramita (honey), which is a Buddhist term in Chinese and refers to reaching the other side; The second refers to a tropical fruit, which is now standardized as jackfruit. Jackfruit (or jackfruit, honey) is a tropical fruit, which originated in India and was introduced to Southeast Asia and China very early (it was introduced in the Tang Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties). Today, it is also called wood pineapple, tree pineapple and river snail. Paramita is related to Buddhism, a great religion, which originated in India and then spread to China and China. Paramim is a combination of transliteration and free translation of Sanskrit. The original translation of paramita omits the word "duo". It is said that the paramita of fruit trees is called paramita because of its large fruit (such as wax gourd) and sweet taste.
Secondly, pineapple is also closely related to Buddhist statues with paramita. Anyone who has personally peeled and eaten pineapple will know that there are many hexagonal (or hexagonal) thorns or sun fruit thorns on the shell of pineapple fruit, that is, the remains of small flowers, which are quite like the hair bun of Buddha and Bodhisattva statues (such as Leshan Giant Buddha, Dazu Stone Carved Buddha and various stone carved Buddha statues). In the history of Buddhism, most stone statues of Buddha statues are different from Buddhist monks and nuns in life, and they are generally shaved. Most Buddha statues are made of hair and combed into a bun. Of course, there are hats, headscarves and bald heads. It is conceivable that the ancient people in China, influenced by Buddhism, called this American fruit introduced by westerners paramita, later referred to as Poirot.
Thirdly, there was a man named Kyle Poirot, who had a great influence in the history of cultural exchange between China and the West. He comes from Italy. He came to China in the early Yuan Dynasty and stayed in China for more than ten years. After coming back, he wrote a book, The Travels of Marco Polo, which aroused great interest and eager yearning of westerners for China. So calling this fruit pineapple (Poirot) is a bit foreign, which is consistent with its spread from the west (people).
When American pineapple was first introduced, it was confused with jackfruit imported from India and Southeast Asia. But these two tropical fruits are very different, so people gradually separate their names. Li said in Volume XIII of Notes on South Vietnam during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty: "Fancun in the middle of Guangdong is a mountainous town, planted along the road, with horizontal stems like fists and prickly leaves, full of balance." It is known that the jackfruit of American fruit has been reduced to Poirot at this time; The word "mountain" is added in front of it, which means it can be planted on the hillside. Wu Qi of Daoguang period in Qing Dynasty said in Volume 31 of Textual Research on Plant Names: "Loudou produces fruit 100 east, which is Poirot". He went on to say, "Also known as Fanlouzi, it looks like an orchid with dense leaves and stems. Its leaves are peeled and stored with tendons, that is, polonium. " This may be the earliest record called Poirot alone.
The word "pineapple" may first appear in the third volume of Yin Zheng Ti Yao by Gao Jingting in Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, but it was not explained. So at this time, Poirot has begun to be added with grass heads by literati, indicating that it is a plant and a fruit. Polo is a sequel to Ci Yuan and a revised edition of Ci Hai published in the Republic of China, and its interpretation has been nearly contemporary. It can be seen that the Republic of China was simplified to Poirot. It was not until the dictionaries and dictionaries published after liberation that it was officially defined as "pineapple". [8]
Name discussion
Pineapple is one of the four tropical fruits in the world (the other three are bananas, coconuts and mangoes), ranking second. Pineapple originated in America and was introduced in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was deeply loved by Chinese people. China is one of the main producers and consumers of pineapple. However, there are many differences in the appellation of pineapple in modern Chinese, which need to be standardized and unified.
Modern Chinese Dictionary, the most commonly used and authoritative Chinese dictionary in China (edited by the Dictionary Office of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, revised by the Commercial Press, 1997 edition), contains "pineapple", but it is only interpreted as "wind pear"; There is also a "jackfruit" article, which is interpreted as "1, wood pineapple. Also known as paramita. 2, commonly known as the wind pear "(page 96). Modern Korean also has "Jackfruit 2", which is just interpreted as "the same jackfruit". The modern article "Pineapple" in Han Dynasty has a detailed explanation, and finally points out that it is also called "pineapple, commonly known as jackfruit" (38 1 page). In other words, Xianhan advocated using pineapple as the official name of this fruit (tree), and at the same time showed that this fruit was also called pineapple, commonly known as jackfruit (sometimes written as jackfruit on the basis of this word). The Chinese Dictionary, the largest Chinese dictionary in China today, is treated in the same way as modern Chinese, with pineapple as the main entry.
Cihai, the most commonly used and authoritative encyclopedia dictionary in China (edited by editorial board, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, revised edition 1999), has an article "pineapple" with detailed explanations and illustrations, also known as "yellow pear" and "pineapple" (page 723). There is also "pineapple" in Ci Hai, but it is only interpreted as "pineapple" (page 4 17). In other words, Cihai advocates using pineapple as the forehand of this fruit (tree) and tries not to eat eggplant before surgery.
Matters needing attention
1. Eggplant should be vegetarian as well as vegetarian. You can fry, bake, steam, boil, fry, cool and make soup. It is best not to peel eggplant, because eggplant skin contains vitamin B, which is a good partner of vitamin C. The metabolism of vitamin C needs vitamin B. Eating eggplant with skin helps to promote the absorption of vitamin C. Eggplant should not be eaten raw to avoid poisoning.
Although there are many ways to eat eggplant, most of them are cooked at high temperature and for a long time, which is not only greasy, but also has a great loss of nutrition. The vitamin loss of fried eggplant can reach solanine. "
5. When choosing eggplant during pregnancy, friends should also choose fresh eggplant. It is best not to choose old eggplant, especially after autumn, which contains more solanine, which is harmful to human body and should not be eaten more. [ 15]
Eating a lot of raw eggplant is easy to be poisoned.
There is a substance called solanine in eggplant, which has the effects of antioxidation and inhibition of cancer cells, and is one of the sources of eggplant health care; However, it has a strong stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract and an anesthetic effect on the respiratory center. If the human body ingests too much, it will be poisoned.
Solanine is basically insoluble in water and cannot be removed by blanching, boiling and other methods. Adding vinegar to cooking helps to destroy and decompose solanine.
The best way to prevent solanine poisoning is naturally to control intake. However, under normal circumstances, eating about 250 grams of eggplant for a meal will not cause any discomfort, so don't be too alarmed. [ 15]
officinal
Slippery, with fine hairs on the back of leaves. Adult leaves are large and heart-shaped, 5.
The leaves are smooth and shiny, and there is no fine hair on the back. Amphoteric flowers. The fruit has moderate elasticity. The ear of fruit generally weighs about 800 grams, and the maximum ear weight is 2500 grams. Average grain weight 13g, maximum grain weight 25g. Fruit will not crack, rot or fall. The peel is medium thick and difficult to peel, with sugar content of 18-20 degrees. Crisp, sweet, sour and astringent, with excellent taste, it can be stored in nature for more than 3 months and stored continuously in a constant temperature kiln for more than 8 months.
It germinated in the middle and early March, and the first real leaf was exhibited in the middle and late March. The fruit ripens in late September. It grows vigorously and bears fruit early. It bears fruit in the second year after planting, and the output in the third year (1 mu: 667 square meters, the same below) is more than 2000 kg. Another variety is black raisin with purple-black fruit, bright as lacquer, thick fruit powder and beautiful appearance, named "Autumn Black". The fruit grains are closely planted on the ear, with the same size and beautiful ear shape.
Pitaya grows rapidly in a warm, humid and sunny environment. The soil in the whole garden should be kept moist during the growth of seedlings. Water more in spring and summer to keep the root system growing vigorously. Keeping the soil moist during fruit expansion is beneficial to fruit growth.
Do not soak for a long time when pouring water, and do not spray water frequently from beginning to end. Immersion irrigation will make the roots die of hypoxia for a long time, and drenching water will make the humidity uneven and induce erythema (physiological disease). Drainage should be carried out in time in rainy weather, so as not to be infected with germs and cause the stem meat to rot. Water should be controlled in the garden in winter to enhance the cold resistance of branches.
1. Yellow leaves (red spots on pitaya leaves, yellow leaves and iron deficiency)
Treatment method:
1, branch spraying: fruit trees with serious diseases,
Before germination, 0.3-0.5% ferrous sulfate solution or mixed solution of copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and lime (0.5 kg of copper sulfate, 1.25 kg of quicklime, 160 kg of water) can be sprayed to control the occurrence of diseases.
2. Trunk injection: The most commonly used and effective solution is 0.05-0. 1% ferrous sulfate solution. Injection with 0.05-0. 1% ferric citrate solution also has certain effect.
3. Application of metal chelated iron: Chelated metal is made of metal ions and chelating agents. The application of chelated iron can improve the supply of some nutrients in soil. In addition to soil application, chelated iron can also be sprayed with 0. 1-0.2% integrated iron solution to restore leaf color.
4, soil application or foliar spraying should be careful not to overdo, so as not to produce phytotoxicity. [6]
Two. Rot disease (white silk disease)
Treatment method:
It can be caused by insect mouth injury or mechanical injury in long-term rainy environment. The rotten part can be cut off with a knife, or the ulcerated tissue can be drained with a knife (in sunny days and high temperatures), so that the injured product can be naturally dried or coated with sulfur and phosphorus powder for prevention and treatment. General protected cultivation, excessive humidity, easy to get bituminous coal disease. Ventilation should be strengthened and the affected area should be cleaned with clean water. Greenhouse facilities in winter are usually hot and dry, which is easy to induce red spiders. Keep a certain humidity. If the population density is high, it can be controlled by 40% omethoate 1000- 1500 times. [3]
3. Genetic analysis of the skin and fruit of pitaya.
First, pitaya flower skin fruit
The so-called pitaya skin is pockmarked face, which can be divided into small skin and large skin according to the size of the skin area. The reasons are different, such as diseases, pests, phytotoxicity, acid rain and so on.
1, the cause of large flower skin
It is mainly due to the large-scale burning spots directly caused by the application of herbicides when the branches of Spodoptera litura are relatively low (within 50 cm from the ground).
2. The cause of floret skin
First, there is a lot of rain in the south, which is affected by acid rain in the south or cannot be used in time, which has a great influence on the growth of pitaya, leading to the appearance of flower skin fruit; Less branches, moderate cold tolerance, strong disease resistance and strong salt tolerance.
Figs are elegant ornamental trees in courtyards and parks. Generally, pesticides are not used, and it is a pure natural and pollution-free tree. Its leaves are large, palmately divided and rough, and it has a good vacuum effect. If matched with other plants, it can also form a good sound barrier. Ficus carica can resist toxic gas and air pollution that ordinary plants can't stand, and it is a good tree species for greening in chemically polluted areas. In addition, fig has strong adaptability, wind resistance, drought resistance and salt tolerance. Ficus carica planted in arid desert areas can play the role of wind and sand fixation and greening wasteland.
economic value
Ficus carica is one of the fastest growing fruit trees in the world, with high yield, no age, few pests and diseases, and easy cultivation and management. Figs are planted in the same year and bear fruit in the same year. With proper management, the yield per plant can reach 2 kg and the yield per mu can reach 500 kg. What's even more peculiar is that seedlings can bear a lot of fruits in the nursery that year, which is very rare in fruit trees. This excellent characteristic of fig makes the investment recover in a very short time, which is extremely beneficial to arouse the production enthusiasm of the majority of fruit farmers, and is also extremely beneficial to the industrialization of local governments and meet the requirements of maximizing profits of large domestic companies. Fig is one of the best projects for large-scale capital investment in agriculture. In the third to fifth years, the yield per mu is generally more than 2,500 kg, among which the highest yield per mu of fig is more than 3,500 kg, and there are few pests and diseases in different years, which is especially beneficial to the production of green fruits and conforms to the international fashion trend.
Most fig varieties bear fruit in summer and autumn, and the fruit ripens in June ~165438+1October. Fresh fruit has a long sales time and little sales pressure, which also greatly prolongs the processing time, especially conducive to improving the utilization rate of factory equipment. Ficus carica has a long life span, and the general economic life span is 30-50 years.
Annona needs a warm climate and proper precipitation, and is not resistant to frost and cold weather. The average maximum growth temperature of annona squamosa is 25-32℃, the average minimum growth temperature is 15-25℃, and the average optimum temperature for fruit ripening is 25-30℃. The critical temperature for safe overwintering of annona squarrosa is 0℃. Annona is mostly a semi-deciduous fruit tree, which enters natural dormancy or forced dormancy caused by environmental conditions in late winter or early spring. Dormancy protects plants from frost or drought in winter, spring and late at night. Proper low temperature in winter is conducive to accelerating defoliation and promoting germination. But the effect of low temperature on inducing germination is not as necessary as in other deciduous fruit trees. The temperature during fruit ripening should not be too low or too high. At low temperature, especially below 13℃, physiological diseases will occur, rust spots will often appear, and the ripening time will be delayed. However, too high temperature will cause the fruit to ripen prematurely, which is easy to cause the fruit to rot. [3]
moisture
Annona is very sensitive to water, and too much water is not conducive to plant growth. Short-term flooding affected the growth of annona squamosa, resulting in the decrease of leaves and flowers. Irrigation or rainfall is important for flowering and early fruiting. During this period, too little water will lead to falling flowers and fruits and slow fruit growth. At the same time, moisture will also affect the quality of fruit. It is reported that the fruit cracking rate of irrigated annona in Australia is 9.8%, while that of non-irrigated annona is 20%. Under the condition of low humidity (relative humidity below 70%), the number of falling flowers increased, the stigma dried and the fruit setting rate decreased obviously. In southeastern Queensland, annona is in full bloom, and the relative humidity during the day is often lower than 30% at the hottest time. In production, they use high-density planting, windbreaks and spraying chemicals to increase the humidity of the orchard. However, too high humidity (higher than 95%) will dilute the sugar secretion on the stigma and make the pollen germination rate low, which is not conducive to fertilization.
Annona trees have strong adaptability to all kinds of soils. It can grow on sandy to clayey soil. But to achieve high and stable yield, sandy soil or sandy loam is better. Because the soil is sticky, poor drainage will affect flowering and fruit setting. Loose sandy loam does not have these shortcomings, and it is easy to control growth through fertilization and irrigation. If the soil layer is shallow, it can be cultivated to thicken the soil layer to improve drainage, and it can also be covered to promote the development of topsoil absorption roots.
The use of seedlings in production is limited to ordinary annona, and hybrid annona cannot be used as mother tree. The seed source of seedlings is very important, and the seeds should come from high-yield and high-quality fruits of excellent varieties (common annona), with large mother plants and correct fruit shapes. It is best to artificially pollinate fruits of the same variety. When the fruit is completely mature, the fruit is light green and yellow, and the suture line between small fruits is obvious, the seeds are harvested. As a grafted rootstock culture, seed collection can reduce the requirements. After the seeds are taken out, they are washed, the weak and small seeds are removed, and then they can be planted in the air. For example, stored annona seeds should be dried before sowing to promote germination. Before sowing, seeds can be soaked with 200ppm gibberellin for 24-36 hours to promote early germination. It is best to use fertile sandy loam for seedbed, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer to shake well. The furrow should be opened, and the width of the furrow shall be subject to the convenience of field operation. Drill sowing can be used, and the sowing amount is 7-8 kg per mu. After sowing, cover with fine sand or fine soil, slightly compact and drench with water, then cover with grass or plastic agricultural film to keep moisture. After emergence, cover with grass or plastic film to avoid bending the seedlings. Pay attention to water and fertilizer management at seedling stage, generally water once every 3-4 days and once a day in drought. After 6-8 leaves, topdressing can be started to cultivate strong seedlings. [3]
Grafted seedlings. Red beans are sensitive to light. Early sowing prolongs the growth period and does not mature early. Therefore, the introduction from high latitude to low latitude will be premature, while the introduction from low latitude to high latitude will prolong the maturity. The growth length of red beans varies from variety to variety. The shortest growth period can be 60-90 days; The growth period is 80- 120 days. Red beans need water most before and after flowering, and it is easy to drop flowers and pods when they encounter high temperature and drought during flowering and pod setting. Too wet, plants tend to lodging. In the stage of grain bulging and maturity, sunny days are beneficial to photosynthesis and increase grain weight. Red beans grow best in loose soil rich in humus. Red beans planted in the sand are red and shiny. Red beans planted in loam, deep red and dark red. Adzuki bean has strong adaptability to soil and can grow in both slightly acidic and slightly alkaline soil.