1. Upper layer (upper layer)
Upper is one of the main components of shoes. For smooth shoes, it depends on whether they are soft and plump, and whether there is loose surface after pressing the upper by hand. A good vamp should be plump and soft, comfortable to the touch, even in luster and free from loose surface. The upper of suede leather shoes should pay attention to check whether the fluff is short and uniform, and its color tone should be consistent. Shoe lining is a part of the upper, which is used to reinforce the upper, prevent the upper from elongation and deformation, and improve the foot feel. Therefore, good shoe lining materials (such as real leather shoes) should have good touch, breathability and dehumidification, and are not easy to decolorize. When sewing, there should be no wrinkles and fat edges in the shoes.
2. Insole
Usually men's shoes use the back half pad or heel pad of insole. Women's shoes are fully padded with insoles. Insole has the function of keeping the insole clean and covering the uneven insole to improve the foot feeling. Therefore, insoles should have good hygroscopicity and drainage. In terms of workmanship, the insole should be flat with the insole, and there should be no hanging folds.
3. Outsole
From the appearance, the combination state of the periphery of the outsole should be tight and seamless, and the bottom surface should be flat.
4. Heel
Whether it is low-heeled or high-heeled, first of all, it depends on whether it is naturally flush with shoes. For women's shoes with half-high heels, the following two points are more important: First, the heel should be firmly installed on the insole. Swing back and forth, not left and right; Second, the palm surface cannot be smaller than the bottom surface of the heel.
5. Insole
On the one hand, look at the material of the insole, preferably genuine leather. On the other hand, it is best to press the waist gear hard by hand, which is equivalent to the instep part when wearing shoes. Under this force, if the edge of the shoe is deformed, it means that there is something wrong with the quality of the shoe.
6. Stability
Put the shoes on a flat surface, and the shoes should stand still immediately. This kind of shoes has good stability, which is also one of the basic conditions for high-quality shoes. After more than 30 years of extensive and rapid development, China's footwear industry has accumulated a lot of experience, and 20 12 has entered the industrial transformation period. For example, in the face of shrinking international market and anti-dumping and other trade protection measures in major market countries, China's footwear industry is facing tremendous downward pressure. At the same time that large enterprises appeared, a number of small enterprises closed down.
As early as a few years ago, due to rising labor costs and fluctuations in raw materials and exchange rates, many shoe enterprises moved their production bases to Southeast Asia. With the full launch of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, the footwear industry in Vietnam, India and Pakistan has developed rapidly, which further restricts the footwear industry in China. 20 10,1-1,the output value of Vietnamese sports shoes increased by 20.2% year-on-year, and the output value of leather shoes enterprises above designated size increased by 23.4% year-on-year, posing a huge potential threat to China's footwear industry.
The strength of China shoemaking enterprises is still very strong. After nearly 20 years of development, China's footwear industry has established a perfect upstream and downstream industrial chain, formed an industrial cluster of various footwear production, established a perfect market for finished footwear and shoe materials, and established a research and development center and information center for footwear.
Although China's footwear industry is now facing the influence of domestic policy factors and rising labor costs, as well as the competition of Indian, Brazilian, Vietnamese, Indonesian and other countries in middle and low-grade footwear, and the competition of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and other countries in high-grade footwear, the comprehensive competitive advantage of China's footwear industry is still unmatched by other countries. shoe
(voice. The word from leather, from Gui, Gui also sounds. "Gauge" originally refers to "earth gauge" and "gauge table", which was the standard timer of the ancient central government. It refers to "Central Plains" and "Pinglu". "Leather" refers to leather. "Leather" and "Gui" together represent "leather products on the feet of people in the Central Plains". China people wear leather products on their feet.
Dysprosium, leather produces cymbals. The voice from Ge Xi. Hu Jia chev. -speaking. Words are also used as shoes.
The ancients used grass as shoes and leather as shoes. Hemp was used as shoes in the late Tang and Ma Zhou Dynasties. -"Talking about cymbals" leads to the Tang Dynasty, leaving "things as shoes".
Another example: shoe fan (upper); Shoes and feet (gifts from my first wife: needlework I did; Also refers to shoes and socks); Footwear money (money for running errands); Rain boots; Leather shoes; Cloth shoes; Shoe spikes (wooden shoes used in shoemaking).
Shoes (dysprosium) shoes. Easy to wear on your feet: leather. Put a bullet in. Mainly includes eyelets (rings, brazing), shoelaces, rubber cloth, velcro, zippers, silk, cotton, twine (rope), nails, rivets, non-woven fabrics, cardboard, leather of inner head and main heel, various decorations, brackets, adhesives and paste.
There are many ways to classify shoes.
① There are shoes for men, women, children and the elderly according to the wearing objects.
② According to the season, there are singles, clips, cotton and sandals.
③ According to materials, there are leather shoes, cloth shoes, rubber shoes and plastic shoes.
④ According to the process, there are shoes such as sewing, injection molding, glue injection, molding, vulcanization, cold bonding, seam bonding, plastic lining, assembly and foaming.
⑤ According to styles, the head types are square head, Fiona Fang head, round head, pointed round head and pointed head; Heel types include flat heels, semi-high heels, high heels and wedge heels; The uppers are high, low, medium and high.
⑥ According to the purpose, there are daily shoes, labor insurance shoes, sports shoes, travel shoes and heel shoes.
⑦ According to physical properties, it can be divided into insulated shoes, antistatic shoes and conductive shoes.
8 According to the structure, it can be divided into perforated breathable shoes, solid color shoes and warm shoes.
Shoes that can play a protective role in special occasions. Such as steel shoes, the upper is generally cowhide, the sole is mostly cowhide or tires, and the front of the shoes is lined with steel buns; Electric shoes are generally rubber soles with good electrical insulation; Miners' boots and paddy boots (also known as paddy socks) are generally high boots made of rubber. The soles of boots are thicker than ordinary rain boots and can be waterproof. Paddy boots and pants.
High-heeled shoes refer to shoes with extremely high heels, which will make the heels of people wearing these shoes significantly higher than their toes.
There are many different styles of high-heeled shoes, especially in the change of heel, such as thin heel, thick heel, wedge heel, nail heel, hammer heel, knife heel and so on. In addition to increasing height, high heels can also enhance attractiveness. High-heeled shoes reduce a woman's stride, because the center of gravity moves backward, the legs are straightened correspondingly, and the hips are contracted and the chest is lifted, which makes a woman's standing posture and walking posture full of charm, and charm and charm emerge as the times require.
Sandals are the earliest foot products in human history because of their extremely simple structure, which evolved from the original package. Sandals have appeared in ancient civilizations, and their appearance structure seems to be: a belt or rope tied to a solid sole. As early as 3500 BC, Egyptians left their footprints on the wet sand, woven soles with straw ropes to match the size of their feet, and fixed them on their feet with rawhide belts. These sandals are very practical. Wearing them can protect the soles of your feet from dry and rough ground. The disadvantage is that the soles of your feet are exposed in broad daylight. Clever Egyptian women decorate them with jewels to protect them from the sun and beautify their image.
Human body is the most common source of electrostatic hazards. The simplest way to eliminate human static electricity is to take grounding measures to human body. Wear anti-static shoes and use anti-static floors (anti-static mats, carpets, etc. ) Anti-static socks and anti-static insoles can lead human static electricity to the earth, thus eliminating human static electricity. Suitable for being widely used in dust-free workshops.
There are hiking shoes, gymnastics shoes, track and field shoes, all kinds of sneakers and so on. Except for the basket and volleyball shoes, the upper should be canvas, and the rest are soft leather, canvas and nylon cloth. Soft leather covers are added to the toe cap, middle waist and heel to increase the strength of the upper. Most soles are made of rubber to increase elasticity. The mouth of the shoe is equipped with a composite foam material to protect the ankle. Football shoes and the soles of football shoes are equipped with plastic or rubber spikes, which can be worn on soft or hard courts. Because volleyball shoes bear the impact of frequent jumps, there is a cushioning midsole between the inner and outer soles; The outsole has ribs on the ground side to enhance its friction braking force; The bottom edge has a prominent ridge line, which has a good supporting effect. Roller skates and ski shoes are mostly made of leather. Roller skates are equipped with wheels at the bottom and can slide on land.
Casual shoes are a kind of shoes, whose main feature is to meet people's daily needs with a simple and comfortable design concept. The concept, connotation and function of casual shoes are closely related to this new ideal and lifestyle. People decorate and show themselves with the shape, brand and connotation of casual shoes, from which they get an aesthetic pleasure and symbolic spiritual satisfaction.
It is named because it is suitable for hiking. Features are light, soft and fit. The vamp is mostly made of leather or textile, and can also be used together; There are reinforced leather panels at the front and back of the vamp, and decorative strips are embedded in the vamp; The sole is light, wear-resistant and non-slip. Travel shoes can be produced through various processes, generally there are low-grade and high-grade shoes, and the styles are also varied.
Heel shoes are a kind of rehabilitation products in orthopedic shoes. As the name implies, the height of the heel is negative, that is, the front of the sole is high and then low, which is used to force the body's center of gravity to move backward and correct posture. Common heel shoes brands are: floor shoes, slimming fitness shoes, and fitness training shoes.
Vulcanized shoes are named after the production process: the sole and upper are connected by vulcanization (in the process of making shoes, the shoes are put into a high-temperature vulcanizing tank for a period of time), and then they are taken out to form shoes.
Canvas shoes, however, stand out among vulcanized shoes and become fashionable shoes beyond the concept of vulcanized shoes. Canvas shoes carry more cultural and fashion connotations.
Canvas shoes fashion element
Bad boys like to wear canvas shoes. Canvas shoes can take people to the future "symbol". Canvas shoes are "weapons" full of spiritual energy, giving you the tension of attack. Canvas shoes with rubber soles are a "medium" that can help you find friends. These contents are not only the embodiment of cultural tension, but also canvas shoes have become an extended symbol of lifestyle.
"I believe that we have caught up with the best times. The best time to wear canvas shoes, because the reality is so confusing; It is best to wear canvas shoes in the country, because it changes rapidly; A city with the best canvas shoes, because we have enough dust, it quickly makes your shoes no longer brand new, but exudes a youthful and fresh taste. "
Canvas shoes are popular because of their lightness, durability and low price. Nowadays, there are many kinds of canvas shoes on the market, with diverse styles, different brands and different prices, and many buyers are at a loss when choosing.
Canvas shoes are light to wear and are the best choice for traveling or doing sports. It is a wonderful enjoyment to put on a pair of lively and playful canvas casual shoes and walk easily in the natural environment surrounded by fragrant grains and red maple leaves. For fashionistas, there are many choices for canvas shoes this season.
It has a long history in China, from the earliest canvas shoes and liberation rubber shoes to today's mini painted canvas shoes, sports leisure canvas shoes and high canvas shoes. The technology is quite mature. The output is also very large. China produces more than half of the world's canvas shoes every year.
Shopping skills of canvas shoes
It is best to choose the products of regular manufacturers or professional manufacturers when buying canvas shoes. Such manufacturers pay more attention to credibility, good technology and relatively good materials. On the packaged shoe box, regular manufacturers usually indicate the size, color, materials used for production, telephone number of the manufacturer and its quality standard, and the box is also beautiful.
When choosing canvas shoes, look at the uppers first. As the name implies, the upper is generally made of canvas. When purchasing, it depends on whether the radian of the upper is normal, whether the two shoes are lined, whether there is color difference, and whether the stitches in different parts of the upper are even and tidy. No broken lines, no jumping needles. Whether the colors are consistent. See whether the shoe body and sole are vertical, whether the shoelace hole is skewed, and whether it is symmetrical from the heel. See whether the patterns and words printed on the vamp are clear and whether the decorative icons pasted or sewn are firm.
Furthermore, check the soles, and generally use rubber outsole. Such soles require wear resistance, non-slip and portability. Therefore, when purchasing, we must see whether the anti-slip stripes on the soles are clear, whether there are glue dropping defects, whether the stripe spacing is uniform, whether the soles of the same material are consistent in color, and whether there are pores or blisters.
Finally, check the insole, touch the insole with your hands to be soft, and the printed trademark with certain elasticity should be clear. Look at the rubber bonding part. See if there are any small glue spots and bubbles. Compare two shoes on the ground. Check whether the color, pattern, height, length and width of each part are consistent.
In the Neolithic Age (about 6.5438+0 million years ago-about 4,000 years ago), the ancestors of China made shoes with grass, hemp and kudzu vine. Shoes have many names, such as shoes, shoes and shoes. Among them acenaphthene is the most outstanding.
There are three kinds of shoes in ancient times: kudzu vine, cloth shoes and leather shoes. Cloth shoes refer to shoes made of linen, silk, silk, brocade and other cloth shoes.
In the Han Dynasty (206 BC-23 AD), the toe of cloth shoes and silk shoes were mostly fork-shaped and the bottom was woven with hemp thread, which was called double pointed square shoes. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties (AD 220-AD 3 16), the front end of ordinary shoes was woven with double animal patterns, with harmonious color matching and beautiful shoes. During the Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577 AD), shoes were popular from the emperor to the people. Wood-toothed shoes consist of three parts: flat shoes, strap shoes and toothed shoes.
In the Song Dynasty (960- 1297), men wore leather shoes with small heads, while women wore shoes with round heads, flat heads or upturned heads, and the shoes were decorated with various flower and bird patterns.
In the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- A.D. 1644), men's shoes were mostly thick soles with various materials and styles. Diamond shoes are generally worn in the north, and brown Ma Xie is found in the south of the Yangtze River. In addition, women's cloth shoes with high toes and flat bottoms were popular in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. It makes people look particularly slender.
In the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), men's shoes were mainly pointed shoes, which were made of satin in summer and autumn and velvet in winter. It can be divided into thick bottom and thin bottom, with single beam or double beam on the surface and textured surface or rolled head on the toe; Women's shoes in Qing Dynasty are quite distinctive. Most soles are made of wood, and the height varies from one inch to five inches. The bottom shape is wide on the top and round on the bottom, which is called horseshoe bottom. The uppers of these shoes are usually made of silk and satin with colorful embroidery on them. Some aristocratic women also set various jewels on the vamps. Old women wear wooden flat shoes.
There are different opinions about the origin of high-heeled shoes. Some people say that high-heeled shoes originated in China. There were high-heeled clogs in the Six Dynasties. Ancient Manchu women wore flag shoes, some of which were as high as five inches in the center of the heel.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-58 1), boots were widely popular in the north and spread to the south of the Yangtze River. In the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18- AD 907), boots were officially in Xian Yi; Women's boots appeared in the Song Dynasty (960- 1297). Korean boots prevailed in the Yuan Dynasty (1279- 1368).
In China, sandals first evolved from slippers. Slippers, called shoes in ancient times, began in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-23 AD). Subsequently, hemp sandals, cloth sandals and leather sandals appeared one after another. The ancients embroidered auspicious patterns such as dragons and phoenixes on sandals, and some even decorated them with jewels.
Modern leather shoes come from abroad. China's original shoes made of leather are called leather boots, and the styles are different from those we wear. It is divided into several categories for different purposes. For example, walking is called single-soled fast boots, which are similar in shape to mussel cloth cotton shoes; Riding is called riding boots; Shoes worn in rainy days are called spikes. They are made of leather with nails on the soles. This kind of "spike shoes" was very popular in the 1920s. According to historical records, Yi Yin, the prime minister of Shang Dynasty, made shoes with leather. According to the calculation, China has been making shoes for more than 3,000 years, which is just different from today's leather shoes. Modern leather shoes manufacturing technology has not been introduced to China from abroad for a long time, only 100 years.
Shanghai self-made leather shoes began at 1876. At that time, there was a shoemaker named Shen Binggen in Pudong, and his skills were superb. Before, he specialized in making leather spikes for rainy days. Later, foreign leather shoes entered Shanghai, and Shen Binggen also engaged in the repair and polishing of leather shoes. He is a caring person. In the process of mending and finishing leather shoes, he carefully pondered and studied the style and structure of leather shoes.
The first pair of modern leather shoes, from "straight-footed" shoes with no distinction between left and right feet, evolved into shoes with left and right feet, which is a great development of shoemaking technology in China. Since then, modern leather shoes production in China has gradually developed. 1876, Shen Binggen raised funds to open the first modern leather shoes workshop in China in Yong 'an Street, and brought many apprentices. As a result, the skill of making leather shoes spread, and Shanghai gradually formed the leather shoes industry. Many old workers in Shanghai, whether knowledgeable or ignorant, respect Shen Binggen and call him the "founder" of modern leather shoes in China.