anatomize
There is no extreme phenomenon of mutual exclusion between science and art in Renaissance humanism. Leonardo da Vinci's research on science and engineering is as unforgettable and outstanding as his works of art. About 13000 pages of notes and paintings in the manuscript are records composed of art and science. These records were constantly created by Leonardo da Vinci during his trip to Europe by observing the surrounding environment. In science, Leonardo da Vinci is a meticulous observer, and he can express a phenomenon with very detailed descriptions. But it has not been verified by theory and experiment. Due to the lack of formal education in Latin and mathematics, most scholars in the same period did not pay attention to Leonardo da Vinci in the field of science. Leonardo da Vinci taught himself Latin. It is also said that Leonardo intended to publish a series of papers on various topics, but it has never been realized. The rhombic octahedron painted by leonardo da vinci appeared in 1509 luca pacioli's Sacred Proportion.
Leonardo da vinci began to understand human anatomy while studying under verrocchio. At that time, verrocchio insisted that all his disciples study anatomy. When Leonardo da Vinci became a successful artist, he got permission to dissect the human body at Santa Maria Nuova Hospital in Florence. After that, he worked in Maggiore Hospital and Santo Spirito Hospital in Milan. In Rome; The first local hospital in Italy) homework. From 15 10 to 15 1 1, and Dr. Thor (Dr. Marcantonio della Torre; ; 148 1 year-1511year) * *. In 30 years, Leonardo da Vinci dissected 30 human bodies of different sexes and ages. During his cooperation with Dr. Thor, Leonardo da Vinci prepared to publish anatomical works and created more than 200 paintings.
But it was not until 1680 (dead 16 1) that his book was published in the name of On Painting. Besides the human body, Leonardo also dissected cows, birds, monkeys, bears and frogs for comparison of anatomical structures.
astronomy
Leonardo da Vinci held a negative attitude towards the traditional "geocentric theory". He believes that the earth is not the center of the solar system, let alone the center of the universe, but just a planet orbiting the sun, and the sun itself does not move. Leonardo also believed that the moon itself did not shine, but only reflected the brilliance of the sun. His idea was put forward earlier than Copernicus's "Heliocentrism", and even then, Leonardo da Vinci may have fantasized about using solar energy.
physics
Leonardo da Vinci rediscovered the concept of liquid pressure and put forward the principle of communication device. He pointed out: in communication devices, the liquid level of the same liquid is the same, the liquid level of different liquids is different, and the height of liquid is inversely proportional to density. /kloc-in the 5th century, he first began to study the tribology theory between objects. He discovered the principle of inertia, which was later proved by Galileo's experiment. He believes that a projectile initially rises along an inclined straight line, makes a curve displacement under the mixed action of gravity and impulse, and finally runs out of impulse under the action of gravity and makes a vertical falling motion.
It also predicted the atomic principle of matter and vividly described the power of atomic energy: "That thing will explode from the ground, causing people to die suddenly in silent breathing, and the castle will be completely destroyed. It seems to have a strong destructive power in the air. "
machine
Obsessed with the mechanical world Underwater breathing device, traction device, clockwork transmission device, ball device, reverse screw, differential screw, anemometer and gyroscope ... leonardo da vinci showed the world countless fantastic ideas. At the beginning of the story, I have to talk about Leonardo da Vinci's first experience of studying painting in Florence. In fact, this experience opened the door for artist Leonardo da Vinci and also for scientist Leonardo da Vinci.
The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Florence is the beginning of Renaissance architecture. When leonardo da vinci installed a giant copper ball on the dome lighthouse, he witnessed the efficiency of the three-speed elevator and other mechanical devices, and was deeply impressed by this magic.
1460, Leonardo da Vinci came to Florence with his father, started his apprenticeship and began to learn painting at the same time. Leonardo da Vinci, who studied painting, participated in the installation of the giant copper ball on the dome lighthouse of Notre Dame de Florence, thus contacting and feeling the magic of various mechanical systems.
Medical science
Leonardo da vinci has also made great achievements in physiological anatomy, and is known as the originator of modern physiological anatomy. He mastered the knowledge of human anatomy and studied the structure of various parts of the human body from anatomy. He first used wax to express the internal structure of human brain, and he was also the first person to imagine making hearts and eyes out of glass and ceramics.
He discovered the function of blood and thought that blood plays a metabolic role in human body, and blood is constantly circulating. He said that blood constantly transforms the whole body, bringing nutrition to all parts of the body, and then taking away the waste in the body. Leonardo da Vinci studied the heart. He found that the heart has four chambers and drew the heart valve. He believes that one of the causes of death in the elderly is arteriosclerosis, which is caused by lack of exercise. Later, British scientist Harvey confirmed and developed these physiological anatomical achievements of Leonardo da Vinci.
build
In architecture, Leonardo da Vinci also showed outstanding talent. He designed bridges, churches, city streets and city buildings. In urban street design, he separated the driveway from the sidewalk. When designing urban buildings, the height of houses and the width of streets are specified in detail. He designed and supervised the construction of Milan moat. From 65438 to 0502, after leaving Santa Tisima Anuata, leonardo da vinci worked as a military architect and engineer under Caesar Borgia, son of notorious Pope Alexander VI.
water conservancy
Leonardo da Vinci's research on water conservancy was a century earlier than that of Italian scholar Costelli. In order to remove the sediment, he made a construction plan for dredging the Yano River. He designed and personally presided over the canal irrigation project from Milan to pavia. Some reservoirs, sluices and dams he built facilitated farmland irrigation and promoted the development of agricultural production. Some water conservancy facilities are still in operation today.
military affairs
Leonardo da Vinci's research and inventions also involve the military field. He invented the spring gun, shrapnel, three-tube artillery, tank cars, floating snowshoes, diving suits and submarines, double-hull warships, gliders, flapping-wing aircraft and helicopters, rotating pontoons and so on. On April 26th, 2008, in the western Swiss city of Payne, olivier ViYeti-Tepa, a 36-year-old Swiss, successfully jumped from a helicopter 600 meters above the ground with the help of a pyramid parachute designed by Leonardo da Vinci.