Single skating includes men's and women's single skating, and the basic technical movements and essentials of men's and women's single skating are the same except for individual movements.

The basic technical movements of single skating include basic sliding, basic footwork, jumping, rotation, joint jumping, joint rotation, continuous step and free skating.

In order to facilitate learning, the commonly used simplified figure skating terms are introduced as follows:

Right inner side: the inner edge of the right skates.

Left lateral: the outer edge of the left foot skates.

Right front inside: the right foot slides forward with the inside edge.

Left posterolateral: the left foot slides behind the lateral edge S.

Don't be hasty in skating on the ice for the first time. First, you should practice standing on the ice. The essentials are: separate your feet slightly from your shoulders and Zhou Kuan, bend your knees slightly, stretch your arms to the front of both sides (to help you balance), look straight ahead, and then try to walk a few steps. Once you fall, you should stand up on your own and exercise your ability to use skates and master balance. Next, you can start to learn the basic gliding skills.

1. Push the ice with one foot and slide forward with both feet. The upper body is upright, eyes are looking straight ahead, palms are down, arms are extended forward, feet are slightly apart, shoulder width apart, and two skates stand in parallel. When kicking ice, bend your knees slightly first, then move your center of gravity to your right foot, and kick the ice sideways with the front half of your right foot. After the ice kick is completed, quickly put the ice kick back to the original position, and put the center of gravity between the two feet to form a forward sliding action of both feet, and then change the other foot to ice and do the same sliding action of both feet. This repetition can make you more skilled.

2. Push the ice with one foot and slide forward with the other. After mastering the above actions, you can do the practice of pushing ice and sliding on one foot. The preparation posture is the same as before, except that the center of gravity of the body should really move to the slippery foot when kicking the ice. Keep the center of gravity unchanged after kicking the ice, put your feet behind the sliding feet as soon as possible, and keep the center of gravity stable. At the beginning of training, you can push the ice and slide one by one, and practice alternately with your feet. After a period of practice and keeping the center of gravity sharp, you can kick on the ice, slide with two beats or slide with three beats. Finally, you can make an ice push and try to stick to the length of a slide, which will not only improve your body's ability to keep balance, but also practice increasing your ice push strength.

When practicing, you should not only pay attention to kicking the ice on the inner blade side, but also pay attention to the fact that when doing one-legged sliding, the floating foot should follow the whole heel of the sliding, keep a center of gravity and relax your arms. Excessive tension is not conducive to maintaining balance. When sliding, keep your legs as straight as possible and keep your body upright. Don't lean forward, lean back or twist left and right. Once out of balance, you don't have to struggle hard, but you can avoid trauma. When sliding, you should also pay attention to keeping your ankles upright and not falling too inward (eversion posture is a common problem for beginners). The ankle joint is not straight, which may be a technical problem, or the upper is too soft or the shoelaces are tied too loosely. Once the latter is found, it should be corrected immediately.

3. Push the ice with one foot and slide forward with both feet in an arc. Let's take the right foot pushing the ice and the foot sliding in the left front arc as examples to illustrate. Stand with your feet in a T-shape on the ice, with your left foot in front, your right foot behind and your knees slightly bent. Push the ice with the front of the inner edge of the right-foot skate, and your body center of gravity moves forward slightly to the outer edge of your left foot. After kicking the ice, the right foot will return to the inside of the left foot as soon as possible, in a biped sliding posture, and the feet slide to the left with the left front outer edge and the right front inner edge in an arc shape. When sliding, the center of gravity of the body should deviate slightly from the left foot, and the front inner edge of the right foot plays a supporting and auxiliary role in sliding. The longitudinal axis of the body leans slightly to the left, and the two arms naturally extend to the sides of the body, with the left arm slightly backward and the right arm slightly forward, which is convenient for gliding in an arc to the left.

Similarly, in the opposite posture and action, push the ice with your left foot, and the foot slides forward and right in an arc.

When practicing the above gliding movements, you should pay attention to the fact that your body should not rotate too fast and the inclination angle of your longitudinal axis should not be too large. In practice, we should fully understand the stress on the inner and outer edges of the foot and the movement of the center of gravity, so as to lay the foundation for the next technical action. At the beginning of training, don't be too fast. With the proficiency of technology, it can be accelerated appropriately to increase the inclination and curvature of the arc. The diameter of curvature energy circle of beginner's arc is 5-7 meters.

4. Push the ice with one foot and slide forward with one foot in an arc. The preparation posture and technical movements are the same as above, but the difference is that the center of gravity should be transferred to the sliding foot immediately after kicking the ice, and the kicking should be placed behind the sliding foot as soon as possible, with the toes facing down, showing an arc sliding posture with one foot forward. Because it is one-legged skating, the center of gravity of the body completely falls on the skates with slippery feet, and the body tilt is greater than that of two-legged arc skating. The two arms should play the role of mediation and balance, and should not turn too fast, resulting in unstable center of gravity, and practice alternately on both sides.

When practicing one-legged arc gliding, we should increase the time and distance of one-legged gliding on the basis of gradual proficiency, so as to lay a good foundation for one-legged semi-circular gliding.

In addition, one-legged arc skating also includes right foot skating, left front inner edge skating, left foot skating with right front inner edge skating and left foot skating with right front inner edge skating. The technical essentials are basically the same, but the blades are different and they are not explained one by one.

5. Take a step forward. The front transverse step is divided into left front outer-right front inner transverse step and right front outer-left front inner transverse step. Take the former as an example, standing on the ice with your feet parallel. First, push the ice with the front inner edge of the right foot and slide on the front outer edge. Lean to the left, with your left arm behind and your right arm extended forward. Then, through the front of the left foot, put the right foot in front of the left foot, and at the same time shift the center of gravity from the left foot to the right foot and slide on the right inner edge. Push the left front outside of the ice cube to the right and back. The right leg flexes, the left leg straightens, and the legs cross. So push the ice and slide repeatedly.

Practice the right front outer-left front inner cross step in the same way with opposite postures and movements.

Stepping forward is the most widely used and basic sliding action in performance. Try to use a pure blade, lean your body properly, push the ice forcefully, use a blade instead of a knife tooth to push the ice, control the rhythm of alternating flexion and extension of your knees, and relax gracefully. Only in this way can we achieve a fast taxiing speed.

6. Slide your feet back. When practicing backward sliding of feet, first, both feet should stand on the ice in parallel, and the inner edge of left foot or right foot should push the ice backward. Push the ice with the swing of hips and waist, and then practice the backward sliding of feet. Stand with your feet parallel, push the ice with the left rear inner blade, move the center of gravity slightly to your right foot, slide with the swing of your waist, hips and C arm, then push the ice with the right rear inner blade, do the opposite, and slide your feet backwards. In this way, two parallel curves are formed by alternately pushing the ice and sliding backwards.

7. Push the ice with one foot and slide backwards with the other. The preparation posture is the same as sliding with one foot and bending the legs backwards, and the sliding method and action are exactly the same, except that after the sliding action is completed, the center of gravity of the body immediately moves to the sliding foot, and the sliding foot is immediately lifted off the ice surface and placed on the line mark in front of the sliding foot to form a sliding action with one foot backwards, and the two arms on both sides of the body help to keep balance, and the two feet alternately perform the above actions, thus forming the skating action with one foot alternately.

When practicing, your arms and hips can swing properly to help you push the ice and slide, but you can't twist it too much, which destroys the correct posture and body balance. You can't push the ice with a knife.

8. Push the ice with one foot, and slide your feet backward in an arc. After the left rear outer blade pushes the ice, the foot is close to the right outer blade, the left rear inner blade slides with the foot, the body leans to the right, the right arm is right, the left arm is left, the left arm is in front, and the head turns to the right rear.

In the same way, the action and posture are opposite. Push the ice with the right rear inner blade, and the feet (right rear inner blade and left rear outer blade) slide in an arc to the right and rear.

In practice, first of all, we should pay attention to the correct action of kicking ice, and never kick ice with a knife tooth. When the foot slides backwards into an arc, although it is both feet sliding, the center of gravity should be mainly placed on the right rear outer edge (or left rear outer edge) of the sliding foot, which can lay a good foundation for the actions such as one foot sliding backwards into an arc, a semi-arc and stepping backwards.

9. Push the ice with one foot and slide backwards with one foot in an arc. Push the ice with the left rear inner blade, and immediately put the body center of gravity on the rear outer blade of the right foot to form a one-legged arc gliding of the right rear outer blade. At this time, you should lift your feet off the ice as soon as possible and put them on the sliding line. Before your feet slide, your right arm is backward, your left arm is forward, your head is right, and your sliding legs are slightly flexed. In the same way, push the ice with the right rear inner edge and slide in an arc with the left rear outer edge in the opposite movement and posture.

You can also use the rear inner blade to push the ice, with the body leaning to the left, the right arm backward and the left arm forward, forming an arc of the right rear inner blade to slide. After pushing the ice, your feet should be lifted off the ice as soon as possible and placed on the slippery line in front of your feet.

In the same way, push the ice with the right rear inner blade and slide in an arc with the left rear inner blade in the opposite movement and posture.

When practicing one-legged skating and one-legged backward arc skating, we should pay special attention to the accurate movements of the body after skating. We should use the first half of our skates to slide backwards, and the position of our arms and floating feet should help to keep our balance. At the beginning of practice, don't lean too much and slide too long. After mastering the essentials, you can appropriately increase the speed, body inclination angle and sliding length.

10. Cross slide. The left rear inner blade pushes the ice, the right rear outer blade slides, and then the left foot is placed on the front and outer side of the right foot through the right sliding foot and slides in the form of the left rear inner blade. At this time, the right foot pushes the ice sideways with the outer blade, the right arm is backward, the left arm is in front, the head turns to the right, and the left and right feet slide alternately to push the ice, forming a left rear inner-right rear outer cross slide.

In the same way, do cross-sliding from the inside of the back to the outside of the left back in the opposite posture.

When cross-sliding after practice, try to keep the upper body upright and then lean forward slightly, keep the sliding leg flexed, and fully straighten the kick. If this action is repeated, the stretching and buckling of kicking and sliding legs are clear and the rhythm is appropriate. With the gradual proficiency of the movement, the sliding speed and body inclination angle will increase, so special attention should be paid to kicking the ice with the blade to obtain sufficient speed. Excessive leaning forward will lead to the mistake of kicking the ice with the knife teeth.

When practicing, pay attention to the back cross and slide in two directions. The kicking and sliding rhythm can be changed, such as one beat, two beat, two beat and so on. After being more proficient, you can practice in two directions, such as serpentine transformation or 8-character transformation in the sliding direction.

1 1. One-leg semi-circular gliding is not only an effective way to exercise the ability of coordination and balance, but also a training means to establish the awareness of correct use of blades. Due to the different methods of foot, blade, direction and rotation, it can be roughly divided into four types: one-foot semi-circular gliding.

(1) The front outer edge slides in a semicircle. Stand with your feet in a T-shape, with the tip of your right foot forward, your left foot facing your right heel, your right shoulder in front and your left shoulder behind. Push the ice with the left front inner edge, slide with the right front outer edge, and let your body lean slightly to the inner side of the circle. When sliding, the two arms drive the two shoulders to rotate at a constant speed. When sliding to the half of the semicircle (1/4 circle), the two arms and shoulders are flat on both sides of the body, and the floating foot moves from the back of the body to the inside of the sliding foot. Then the left arm drives the left shoulder forward, the right arm drives the right shoulder backward, and the sliding foot continues to slide with the right front outer edge. The floating foot extends from the inside to the sliding line in front of the sliding foot, and the toes are down.

In the same way, reverse the posture and action, and make the left front outer edge slide in a semi-circular arc.

(2) The front inner edge slides in a semicircle. Stand in a T-shaped posture, with the toes of your left foot forward, the center of your right foot facing your left heel, your right shoulder forward and your left shoulder backward. Push the ice with the inner edge of the right foot, slide it into an arc with the front inner edge of the left foot, and lean slightly into the circle. When sliding, the two arms drive the two shoulders to rotate slowly at a constant speed. When you slide to the half of the semicircle (1/4 circle), your arms and shoulders are flat on your sides, and the floating foot gradually approaches the sliding foot from the sliding line at the back. Then the left arm drives the left shoulder forward, the right arm drives the right shoulder backward, the right floating foot moves to the front sliding line close to the inner side of the left sliding foot, and the toes are downward for the next semicircular arc sliding.

Similarly, in the opposite posture and action, slide with the inner edge in a semicircle.

(3) The rear outer edge slides in a semicircle. Stand on the ice with your feet parallel, your shoulders and arms flat, facing the sliding semicircle. Push the ice with the inside of your right foot. The movements of both arms are coordinated, and the right arm is in front. Put the right floating foot on the taxiline in front as soon as possible after completing the push. The right foot slides into the arc of the rear outer edge. When sliding to 1/4 laps, the shoulder rotates slightly, the floating foot is close to the sliding foot, and the head is in the circle. Then, the floating foot extends evenly to the rear sliding line through the inner side of the sliding foot, and the upper body posture remains unchanged, preparing for the semi-smoothness of the right rear outer edge.

Similarly, do the right rear outer edge semi-circle slide in the opposite posture and action.

(4) The rear inner edge slides in a semicircle. Put your feet flat on the ice with your back to the semicircle where you slide. Stretch your arms to both sides of your body, push your right foot on the ice, and the left rear inner edge slides in an arc. At this point, your right arm swings vigorously in the front and left rear slide, and your right foot will be placed on the front slide line as soon as possible after pushing the ice. When sliding to 1/4 laps, the posture of the upper body remains unchanged, and the floating foot is close to the sliding foot, and then the upper body rotates slowly at a constant speed until it reaches the left front and right rear, and the floating foot extends backward above the sliding line to prepare for the semi-smoothness of the inner edge of the right rear.

In the same way, reverse posture and action, and do a right rear inner edge semicircle slide.

Although the blades, sliding directions and sliding modes of the four semi-circular sliding methods described above are different, the technical essentials are the same: to push the ice with force, you can only push the ice with blades, but not with teeth. You can use the appropriate swing of shoulders, arms and hips to cooperate with the ice push, but you can't overdo it. Try to keep your body upright and lean slightly into the circle during sliding. Turn your head, turn around, move your arms, float your feet at a constant speed, and control it. Keep the floating feet above the sliding line in front, near or behind the sliding feet as far as possible, keep the body center of gravity on the sliding feet, keep the skates pure when sliding, and try to avoid putting the body center of gravity on the second half of the skates; When sliding backwards, the center of gravity should be placed in the first half of the skates. Only in this way can we keep a smooth and uniform taxi.

One-legged semicircle skating is one of the most important basic skating techniques in figure skating. At the beginning of training, the radius of the semicircle can be smaller. With the development of technology, the radius of the circle should be enlarged appropriately, which is generally considered to be 2.5~3.0 meters.

It is not difficult to learn how to slide in a semicircle, but it is not easy to achieve technical specifications, smooth sliding, uniform arc, beautiful posture and free movement, and it needs repeated and frequent practice to be perfect.

12. Emergency stop action. Emergency stop is a common action in practice and performance, which can be roughly divided into two categories: two-legged emergency stop and one-legged emergency stop.

(1) Emergency stop of both feet. The emergency stop of biped can be divided into several emergency stop actions according to the different blades and methods.

① Emergency stop at the front inner edge of the foot: when sliding, the toes suddenly come together, the heels are separated, the center of gravity of the body moves backward, the legs are slightly flexed, and the knees are together, forming a forward blowing action with the inner edge of the biped skates.

(2) Emergency stop at the inner edge of the hind foot: when sliding backward, the toes suddenly separate, the heels are close together, the legs are straight, and the body leans forward slightly, forming an emergency stop action of scraping the ice backwards at the inner edge of the hind foot.

③ Sudden stop with both feet to the left (right): When sliding forward, the body suddenly turns 90 degrees to the right, the legs slightly bend, the body leans back to the right, and the inner edge of the left foot and the outer edge of the right foot scrape ice in the sliding direction at the same time, so as to make an emergency stop.

Similarly, in the opposite posture and action, make an emergency stop with your feet to the right.

(2) One-foot emergency stop. One-leg emergency stop can also be divided into several emergency stop actions because of the different blades, sliding directions and methods.

① One-foot front outer edge emergency stop: when sliding forward, suddenly make a transverse ice scraping emergency stop with the front outer edge of the left foot, lean back and lift the right foot off the ice.

In the same way, make an emergency stop at the front outer edge of the right foot with opposite movements and postures.

② Emergency stop at the front inner edge of one foot: when sliding forward, suddenly make a transverse ice scraping emergency stop with the front inner edge of the right foot, lean back and lift the right foot off the ice.

In the same way, make a one-foot emergency stop with the front inner edge of the right foot in the opposite movement and posture.

(3) Emergency stop at the rear inner edge of one foot: when sliding backwards, suddenly make an emergency stop by scraping the ice horizontally with the rear inner edge of the left foot, lean forward and lift the right foot off the front ice.

Similarly, in the opposite posture, do the emergency stop action of the right rear inner blade.

All emergency stop actions can be treated as emergencies to avoid unnecessary trauma. In addition, the style of emergency stop action can also be used in the paragraphs and the end of the performance.

In actual operation, it is necessary to master the emergency stop action in multiple directions, blades and methods. When performing an emergency stop, the upper body, arms and floating feet can cooperate with different dance postures or movements.