What are the methods of daily sanitation and disinfection? 1. The purpose of cleaning and disinfection in kindergartens is to ensure a healthy environment for children entering the park, which can effectively ensure the healthy growth of children. Ensure the sanitary quality, disinfection and implementation of rules and regulations in the workplace under daily conditions, and take timely cleaning and disinfection measures. Two. Contents of cleaning and disinfection The cleaning and disinfection work mainly includes: daily cleaning and sanitation work, regular cleaning and sanitation work, and disinfection work includes preventive disinfection work and disinfection work in epidemic areas during or during the epidemic of infectious diseases. Iii. Cleaning and disinfection methods 1. Mechanical disinfection method: it is characterized by simple operation in kindergarten and must be used every day. It can clean and remove dust, eliminate or reduce pathogens, but it cannot kill pathogens. Such as brushing or using the mechanical action of water to clean and wipe, washing hands with soap and other methods. This method is simple and economical, and is suitable for collective institutions. 2. Physical disinfection method: using air and sunlight to open windows to circulate air can reduce the spread of respiratory diseases. Make some toys, books, bedding, etc. Not suitable for cleaning and disinfection, exposed to the sun, ultraviolet rays in the sun have a strong bactericidal effect. 3. Thermal disinfection method is suitable for collective institutions and is a common and effective disinfection method. Most pathogens can die at 60℃-70℃. Commonly used thermal disinfection methods include disinfection cabinet, steam circulation, boiling disinfection and so on. , especially suitable for disinfection of tableware, tea sets, towels and other items. 4. Chemical disinfection is an effective method to kill pathogens by using disinfectants of chemicals after preparation. Such as chlorine-containing disinfectants commonly used in kindergartens, such as sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, bleaching powder solution, etc. It is suitable for scrubbing the surfaces of disinfected objects such as doors, windows, floors, toilets, furniture and teaching toys. 5. Disinfection methods of disinfection lamps Commonly used are ultraviolet lamps and ozone disinfection lamps. However, it should be noted that the irradiation surface should avoid dead corners and be suitable for the surfaces of houses and objects. Fourth, the commonly used disinfection type 1, boiling disinfection range: suitable for tableware, towels, napkins, clothes, sheets and other moisture-proof items. The water in the boiling pot should drown everything. Start counting after the water boils and keep boiling for 15-20 minutes. No new items shall be added after timing, otherwise the heating time will be counted from the time when the newly added items are boiled again. 2. Application scope of circulating steam disinfection: suitable for tableware, buckets, vegetable pots, etc. The circulating steam method uses 100℃ steam for disinfection. The simplest method is to steam the lunch box. The commonly used circulating steam disinfection equipment includes steam disinfection cabinet and steam disinfection vehicle, which can be operated according to its instructions. Disinfection time should be calculated after water boils and steam comes out; Tableware should be placed vertically, leaving gaps to prevent air from staying in dead ends; A large number of items should not be packed in iron pots, and it is best to use metal baskets that leak rain; Packaging is not easy to be too tight; Clothes that can absorb a lot of water should not be soaked, otherwise it will hinder the replacement of air; Pay attention to eliminate the cold air in the disinfection cabinet during disinfection. 3. The disinfection of the disinfection cabinet shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in the product instruction manual. But the disinfection cabinet is divided into high temperature type and ultraviolet gland ozone type, and the disinfection tableware must be high temperature type. Articles that are easy to burn are not easy to put into the high-temperature disinfection cabinet. 4. Application scope of disinfectant disinfection: used for disinfection of fabrics, moisture-proof articles, game teaching AIDS, etc. Disinfectant solution should soak all items. For lumen items, the lumen should also be filled with disinfectant solution. After the action reaches the specified time, take it out, rinse it with clear water and dry it. According to the stability of disinfectant and the pollution of articles, the used solution should be replaced in time. Commonly used to disinfect toilets, toys, furniture, etc. 5. Scope of application of disinfectant Wipe and spray disinfection: it is used to disinfect the surfaces of furniture, door handles, faucets and other objects, as well as floors and walls. When wiping and disinfecting, the cloth is soaked in the solution with the concentration of disinfectant, and the surface of the disinfected article is wiped back and forth in turn. When necessary, after the action reaches the specified time, clean it with clear water to reduce possible corrosion. When spraying disinfection, the solution with disinfectant concentration is directly sprayed on the surface of the disinfected object. 6. Application scope of disinfectant spray disinfection method: used for disinfection of indoor air, human respiratory tract, room surface and furniture surface. Spray disinfectant with a common sprayer to make the surface of the article completely wet to a certain extent for a specified time. Spraying sequence, first up and then down, first left and then right. When spraying improves respiratory dryness, an ultrasonic atomizer is needed. However, it should be noted that it is easy to cause indoor items to be corroded by moisture. 7. Scope and conditions of application of ultraviolet disinfection method: Scope of application: used for radiation disinfection of indoor air and object surfaces. Ultraviolet light has low energy and weak penetration, and can only kill directly exposed microorganisms, so the disinfection site must be fully exposed to ultraviolet light during disinfection. When ultraviolet rays are used to disinfect objects with rough surfaces such as paper and fabric, the irradiation time should be appropriately extended and irradiated on both sides. The suitable temperature range for ultraviolet disinfection is 20℃-40℃. Too high or too low temperature will affect the disinfection effect, and the disinfection time can be extended appropriately. When used for air disinfection, the relative humidity of the disinfection environment should be lower than 80%, otherwise the irradiation time should be appropriately extended. When ultraviolet rays are used to kill microorganisms protected by organic substances, the irradiation dose should be increased. Suspended particles in the air will also affect the disinfection effect. Usage of ultraviolet disinfection lamp: (1) Notes: ① The wavelength range of ultraviolet used for disinfection is 200-270nm, and the ultraviolet light source used for disinfection must be able to generate ultraviolet with radiation value reaching the national standard. The voltage of ultraviolet lamp used for disinfection is 220 volts. (2) The radiation intensity of the ultraviolet lamp decreases gradually during use, and the intensity of the sterilized ultraviolet lamp should be measured regularly. Once it is lower than the required intensity, it should be replaced in time. ③ Detection of ultraviolet intensity and disinfection concentration: use the ultraviolet intensity indicator card, put the chemical card under the lamp of 1 m for 5 minutes after turning on the light, and after irradiation of 1 minute, according to the comparison of color cards, generally, the new lamp tube is not less than 90μW/cm2, and the old lamp tube is not less than 70μW/cm2. Test cards should be stored away from light. (2) Usage: ① Irradiation mode of surface disinfection: When hanging or mobile ultraviolet lamp is used for disinfection, the effective disinfection area is around the lamp 1.5-2m. Generally, two 30-watt ultraviolet lamps are installed for every 60-80 square meters of housing space. The irradiation time depends on the intensity of the lamp and the pathogenic microorganisms killed. Generally speaking, the irradiation time should not be less than 30 minutes. The high-intensity and low-ozone ultraviolet germicidal lamp can irradiate for 30-60 minutes within an effective distance, and the disinfection effect on the surface of articles is reliable. (2) Indoor air disinfection direct irradiation method: In the case of no one indoors, hanging or mobile ultraviolet lamps can be used for direct irradiation. When indoor hanging ultraviolet lamp is used for disinfection, ultraviolet disinfection lamp should be installed indoors (30W ultraviolet lamp lasts for at least 30 minutes). 8. Ozone disinfection method: ozone disinfection, with the molecular formula of O3, is a strong oxidant with the advantages of rapid sterilization and no residue after disinfection. It is suitable for the disinfection of vegetables and fruits, but it has poor stability and is easy to decompose, so it can only be produced and used immediately. Commercial tube, plate and surface discharge ozone generators and ozone lamps can be selected. Disinfection time ≥30 minutes. During disinfection, indoor doors and windows should be closed and personnel must leave the room. You can't enter the room until you can't smell the ozone 30 minutes after turning off the phone. Precautions: (1) During use, the surface of the disinfection lamp should be kept clean and wiped with alcohol gauze or cotton balls every 1-2 weeks. When dust and oil stains are found on the surface of lamps, they should be wiped at any time. (2) When disinfecting indoor air with disinfection lamp, keep the room clean and dry to reduce dust and water mist. When the temperature is lower than 20℃ or higher than 40℃ and the relative humidity is higher than 60%, the irradiation time should be appropriately extended. (3) When disinfecting the surface of an article with a disinfection lamp, the irradiated surface should be directly irradiated with the disinfection lamp, and the irradiation dose should be sufficient. (4) Don't let the disinfection light source illuminate people, so as not to cause eye skin damage. (5) The intensity meter of disinfection lamp shall be calibrated at least once a year. V. Disinfection requirements and specific operation methods The cleaning and sanitation disinfection commonly used in child care institutions mainly includes cleaning and disinfection of common items, cleaning and disinfection of object surfaces, cleaning and disinfection of air, cleaning and disinfection of hands, and disposal of garbage and excrement. 1, towels In collective life, poor hygiene of towels is one of the ways leading to the prevalence of infectious diseases, such as trachoma, influenza and other viruses. Towels are required to be divided into towels and napkins. The towel must be a towel for one person in kindergarten, and it can be cleaned and disinfected once a day. Soak the friction with soapy water first, and then rinse and disinfect with boiling water; If it is cooking disinfection, it must be soaked in clean water without towels and boiled in boiling water for 15~20 minutes; If it is not cleaned that day, it can be exposed to the sun after use. If there is a disinfection cabinet, it can also be put in the disinfection cabinet for disinfection, but in order to prevent the towel from being scalded, the towel can also be soaked in chlorine-containing disinfectant 10-20 minutes, and the concentration is 250 mg of available chlorine per liter of water. Kindergarten towels should have a special towel rack. The distance between two towels is 10cm, and the top, bottom, left and right cannot overlap. Towels had better not be hung on the wall. First of all, they are not easily exposed to light. Second, it is unsanitary and easy to breed bacteria. If the house is small, it can only be hung on the wall, and it should be separated from the wall 10- 15cm. 2. If you drink milk or soybean milk in a teacup, you must clean and disinfect it immediately after eating it, or prepare two sets of teacups to replace it. The nurse will clean the teacups after the children use them. When cleaning, it can be washed with soapy water, and then put into a disinfection cabinet for disinfection for 30 minutes. If there is no disinfection cabinet, it can be sent to cook and disinfect. When cooking and disinfecting, water must be immersed in the teacup. After the water is boiled, boil it for 15~20 minutes. The disinfection cabinet is convenient and quick, and it can be cleaned and disinfected immediately after use, as long as a set of tea cups is enough, while cooking and disinfection are slow. After disinfection, the teacups should be cooled before being put into the teacup box. 3. The kitchen requires tableware to be cleaned and disinfected, and the canteen requires a special dishwashing pool, with one cleaning, two washing, three disinfection, four cleaning and five conveying. Don't pour tableware into the class sink for cleaning. Wash the dishes with alkaline water or detergent first, and then rinse them with water twice. Put the washed tableware into a special container, disinfect it with a disinfection cabinet, or steam disinfect it, or boil it before using it. When disinfecting by boiling, all washed tableware should be soaked in clean water. If it is a small number of bowls, dishes and plates, you can put them flat in the pot. If there are many tableware, it is best to put plates, bowls, etc. Placed vertically, leaving a gap between them to enhance the disinfection effect. Generally, it takes 15 minutes after water is boiled. For tableware that cannot be heated and disinfected, it can be soaked with chlorine-containing disinfectant, but after disinfection, the residual chlorine should be washed with clear water. Some kindergarten classes don't wash dishes, but chopsticks or spoons should be cleaned and disinfected according to the above requirements, and cloth bags with special chopsticks sets or spoons should also be disinfected together. Dishes for snacks, dishes for serving or trays for feeding young children should be cleaned after daily use, disinfected with disinfection cabinet or washed and soaked with disinfectant. 4. Towel rack Kindergarten towels should have a special towel rack with a logo on it. The distance between the two towels is 10 cm, and the top, bottom, left and right cannot overlap. Towel racks should be wiped with clean water every day and scrubbed with disinfectant once a week. 5, teacup box (cabinet) Children's teacups should be stored in a special teacup box (cabinet) with a logo on it. The ambiguous or yellow or peeling signs should be replaced in time, and the logo pattern should be relatively fixed, so it should not be replaced frequently. The teacup box should be cleaned and disinfected once a week and wiped with water once a day. It is best not to fix the teacup box on the wall, which is not easy to clean and disinfect. The curtains of the teacup box are cleaned once a week. The number of teacups is more than the actual number 1~2, for children to spare. 6. The thermos bucket is used to fill the children with boiling water every day. Every morning, the nurse scrubs the periphery, lid and spout of the heat preservation barrel with clear water, and generally cleans and disinfects it once a week. Clean the inner container in the barrel, first with soapy water, then rinse it, and then soak it in disinfectant for 10 minute. The hot water faucet on the insulation barrel should be well protected to prevent burns. Be careful not to overheat the water temperature in summer and keep warm in winter. Disinfect every day during the epidemic season of infectious diseases. 7. Toys, books and toys are indispensable items in child care institutions, and they are also the items that children contact the most. However, toys are easily contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. In kindergarten, the pollution of toys is more serious than clothes, bedding and tableware, especially children like to put toys in their mouths. If cleaning and disinfection are not strict, it is easy to spread diseases. Toys are generally cleaned and disinfected once a week. For waterproof toys, you don't need to wash the toys. You can add detergent to hot water and brush the gaps with a brush. Finally, wash the detergent with clear water and expose it to the sun for 2 hours. Toys that are not afraid of high temperature and deformation can be cleaned and put into a disinfection cabinet for disinfection, such as plush toys and cloth toys. Disinfectants are corrosive, and soaked toys are easy to discolor, so iron toys and wooden toys can be wiped with alcohol or disinfectant, or disinfected with sunlight. The toy cabinet should be scrubbed with clean water once a day, wiped with disinfectant once a week 1 ~ 2 times, and the plastic basket containing toys should be soaked with disinfectant once a week for disinfection 10 minutes. Outdoor large toys are disinfected by sunlight, but they should be cleaned regularly. Art scissors, ruler, etc. Children should be disinfected in the disinfection cabinet every week, or wiped with alcohol or disinfectant. Disinfection of books: books and picture albums should be exposed to the sun for 4-6 hours every week, which can kill most microorganisms. Attention should be paid to frequent turning when exposed to the sun, and ultraviolet disinfection can also be used, but at close range. Damaged toys and books can be replaced in time. Bedding and bedding are the necessities of children's daily life. Every child has a bed, a cushion, a quilt and a pillow. Children's summer sleeping mats and quilts can be dried once every two weeks for 2-4 hours each time. Children's beds should be placed neatly and pay attention to the distance (40~50 cm) to prevent the infection of respiratory diseases. If the bedroom is small and the bed is tightly packed, the child can sleep head to foot. The dormitory should have a walkway, generally 50cm, which is convenient for teachers to patrol and watch. Bedsheets should be cleaned regularly and replaced once every half month together with quilts and pillowcases. When an infectious disease occurs, the detachable part should be disinfected with disinfectant before cleaning. 9. Wipe the mat with hot water before going to bed every day in summer and scrub it with disinfectant every week. 10. Tan Meng should be cleaned after each use. When digestive tract diseases occur, sputum should be soaked after each use. Toilets are not recommended. If used, it must be disinfected 1 time. The disinfectant used for disinfection in Tan Meng should be changed daily, and the bucket for soaking in Tan Meng should be bigger, so it is better to soak in Tan Meng with disinfectant. Generally, it is soaked in 500 mg/L available chlorine for 20 minutes. 1 1. rags, mop clean water rags and disinfection rags should be used separately, and cleaned and dried at any time. The rag must be dedicated, washed with soap after each use and boiled for 30 minutes to completely kill microorganisms. In the epidemic season of infectious diseases, rags should be soaked and disinfected with disinfectant before and after use. Mops There should be dry mops and wet mops in each shift. After use, it should be washed with clear water and put in the outdoor sun to dry and disinfect. Wipe the floor with disinfectant during the epidemic of infectious diseases, and soak the mop with disinfectant for 30 minutes every day. 12. The garbage disposal park is covered with garbage bins in each shift, and emptied 1-2 times a day. There are buckets and boxes for collecting garbage in the park, and the garbage bins should be kept clean. 13. Cover air conditioners, electric fans, heaters and tape recorders with cloth when not in use, and wipe them once a week, but pay attention to safety. Wiping electrical appliances must be carried out under the condition of power failure. 14. fruit disinfection: fruits should be cleaned and disinfected before eating. There are two ways: first, wash the fruit with water, peel it with a knife, and dig out the sunken part of the fruit before eating; Second, after washing the fruit, soak it with potassium permanganate disinfectant. Pay attention to the disinfectant to soak the fruit, take it out after 20 minutes, and rinse it with water before eating. (2) Cleaning and disinfection of object surface 1. When cleaning tables and chairs, prepare two small plastic buckets with a diameter of 15 ~ 20cm, one filled with clean water and the other with disinfectant. Wipe the chair once a day with clean water and once a week with disinfectant. During the epidemic of infectious diseases, tables and chairs should be wiped with clean water every day, then with disinfectant and then with clean water. The nurse is responsible for disinfecting the table before eating. Wipe with water first, then use disinfectant, and finally use water. Pay attention to the method of wiping the desktop: you can fold the rag in half, and a rag can't be wiped to the end. Every time you wipe the table, you should wipe the rag. If you can't wipe it to the end, you should regularly wipe it horizontally first and then vertically. You can't wipe it, so as not to be forgotten by the local people. 2. Screen doors, screens and curtains should be scrubbed with clean water once a week, and curtains should be cleaned once a quarter. 3. Stair handrails, window sills and door handles should be wiped with clear water every morning, and then wiped with disinfectant when infectious diseases are prevalent. 4. The ground activity room should be towed 1 time every morning, noon and evening, the bedroom, corridor and stairs should be towed 1 time every day, and the bathroom should be towed at any time according to the situation. After use, the mop should be placed in a place that does not affect children's washing hands and going to the toilet. There should be a pool dedicated to mop washing. Do not use the 1 sink to wash towels, napkins, cups and toys. Children over 5.3 years old should use squat toilets, and boys have urinals. Rinse the toilet with disinfectant every morning and evening, and rinse with running water at any time after defecation to ensure that there is no yellow scale, no urine trace and no peculiar smell on the tile. 6. Wash the sink with alkaline water or soapy water every day, 1 time in the morning and evening to ensure that there is no greasy, dirty or yellow water in the pool, and turn off the faucet at any time. (3) air cleaning and disinfection 1. It is an effective measure to control the prevalence of respiratory diseases or infectious diseases to open the window for ventilation every day, and to open the window 2-3 times a day for 20 minutes when using air conditioning. In general, the air is disinfected once a week with a disinfection lamp. Disinfect once a day during the epidemic season of infectious diseases. Close the doors and windows, and disinfect with a disinfection lamp for 30 minutes; Or, spray disinfectant, scrub windowsill, door handle, furniture, etc. /kloc-after 0/hour, wash with clean water. 2. Bedroom Bedroom adopts air circulation, and windows are opened for ventilation every day. Windows can be opened every morning and afternoon in winter 10-20 minutes. During the epidemic period of infectious diseases or respiratory diseases, disinfection lamps can be used once a day. 3. Collective gathering places generally refer to multifunctional halls, science rooms, libraries, computer rooms, art rooms, music rooms, etc. In kindergartens, which are often overlooked. Wet mopping should be done every day, and mobile disinfection lamps should be arranged for air disinfection every week. For example, during the epidemic of respiratory diseases or infectious diseases, wiping the surface of objects with disinfectant once a day can reduce the chances of children gathering. 4. Hand cleaning and disinfection need to remind and guide all children to wash their hands with soap and tap water after defecation, before eating, after outdoor activities, physical education class, art class and manual class, and rub their hands with soap. Pay attention to nail seams, finger seams and wrists. The rubbing time is generally about 15 seconds, and then it is rinsed under tap water. 6. Hygienic disinfection during disinfection of general infectious diseases is 1. Classes with infectious diseases should be listed and try to avoid contact with other classes. Conditional kindergartens can set up walkways and stairs for the affected classes separately. Classes with infectious diseases do not participate in group activities in the park, including outdoor activities in the morning. 2, infectious disease class to do a good job of air disinfection, open the window for ventilation, disinfection with disinfection lamp every day for 30-60 minutes. 3. According to the disinfection technical specification, the vomit and excrement of children with infectious diseases should be poured into 1/20 bleaching disinfectant, and then poured into the toilet after stirring. Toilet for sick children: rinse with clean water and soak in 1/20 bleaching powder effective chlorine disinfectant for 30 minutes. 4. Soak the dishcloth and mop with 500 mg/L effective chlorine disinfectant for 30 minutes, 1-2 times a day 1 time. 5. Cleaning and disinfection of bedding: mattresses, pillow cores and cotton mattresses should be exposed to the sun for 4 hours. When there is no sunshine, the disinfection lamp can be used for 30 minutes. Heat-resistant and moisture-proof textiles such as bed sheets, pillow towels, quilt covers and pillowcases can be boiled for 20 minutes or disinfected with circulating steam for 20 minutes. 6. Disinfection of the ground: clean the ground once every morning and evening with wet wipes to eliminate dirt and some pathogenic microorganisms on the ground; Wipe the floor with disinfectant once a day. Usually use disinfectant containing 3‰ available chlorine to mop the floor for 30 minutes. 7. Disinfection of the wall In general, the pollution of the wall is lighter than that of the ground, and it is usually unnecessary to carry out routine disinfection. When contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, chemical disinfectants can be sprayed or scrubbed. Commonly used available chlorine 1000 mg/L disinfectant is sprayed or scrubbed, and the disinfection of walls is generally 2.0~2.5 meters high. The spray amount depends on the wall structure, and it is better to be wet and not to flow down. 8. Disinfection of tables, chairs, toy cabinets, faucets, door handles and other surfaces. Under normal circumstances, the surface of indoor products is only clean and hygienic. Wipe the surface of various products twice a day with a clean wet rag to remove most microorganisms. Disinfection with chemical disinfectants: Wipe or spray the surfaces of various indoor articles with disinfectant containing 500 mg/L of available chlorine. Disinfection of toys When infectious diseases are prevalent or occur, they should be disinfected once a day, and different disinfection methods should be selected according to different toys. Heat-resistant toys: can be boiled in boiling water 10~ 15 minutes; Plastic and rubber toys: Soak in the solution of available chlorine 500mg/L 15~30 minutes; Toys that are afraid of being wet and hot: they can be exposed to the sun for 4~6 hours, and the ultraviolet radiation of the sun can kill bacteria; Or wipe with 75% alcohol. 9. In the class where the epidemic situation of infectious diseases has occurred, the tableware should be cleaned and disinfected separately until the epidemic situation is over, and the canteen staff should be designated to deliver meals to the epidemic class. The food delivery staff should change their work clothes and disinfect their hands before entering the canteen.