(1) Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake and the largest saltwater lake in China. It is vast, ethereal and magnificent, and it is a huge treasure mirror given by nature to Qinghai Plateau. 20 12 Qinghai Lake covers an area of 435 1 km2, which was called "West Sea" in ancient times, also known as "fresh water" or "fresh sea". Tibetan is called "wrong temperature wave", which means "blue lagoon"; Mongolian calls it "Kukunod", that is, "Blue Ocean". Because the Qinghai Lake area belonged to the pasture of the Beihe nationality earlier, it was also called "the strong sea of the Beihe River", and some people called it "Hai Xian" in the Han Dynasty. From the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was renamed as "Qinghai".
(2) Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province is one of the seven important wetlands in the world, the largest freshwater lake in China and the largest freshwater lake in China. This is of great significance to biodiversity protection, flood storage and water resources management in the Yangtze River. The destruction of Poyang Lake wetland is the result of long-term human activities. Poyang Lake is located at 28 22' to 29 45' north latitude and115 47' to116 45' east longitude. It is located in the north of Jiangxi Province, on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Poyang Lake is 173 km long from north to south, 74 km wide from east to west, with an average width of 16.9 km and a coastline length of 1200 km, with a lake area of 3,283 square kilometers (the water level at the mouth of the lake is 2 1.7 1 m) and an average water depth of 8.4.
(3) Dongting Lake in Hunan, located on the south bank of Jingjiang River, between Hunan Province and Hubei Province, is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. Dongting Lake, once the largest freshwater lake in China, has now retired to the second place. Lake area 1825 is about 6,000 square kilometers, 1890 is about 5,400 square kilometers, 1932 is about 4,700 square kilometers, and 14 1960 is reduced to 314/kloc. At present, the lake area is 2820 square kilometers based on the elevation of 34.5 meters. Formerly known as "Eight Hundred Li Dongting", it was divided into many lakes, large and small. Dongting Lake has three ports connected with the Yangtze River, and Hunan, Guizhou, Yuanshui and Lijiang River flow into it in the south. This is the third geographical feature of Hunan. Dongting Lake is like a huge reservoir, which contains the water of four rivers in Hunan and plays a role in dealing with the Yangtze River flood.
(4) Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province was called Zhenze in ancient times, also known as Five Lakes, one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, located in the south of Jiangsu Province and the south of the Yangtze River Delta; All waters are in Jiangsu Province, and the south of the lake is connected with Zhejiang Province. It is the largest lake in East China, the third largest freshwater lake in China and a famous scenic spot around Taihu Lake in China. In ancient times, Taihu Lake was said to be "one lake across three states", namely Dongwu (Suzhou), Zhongwu (Changzhou) and Xiwu (Huzhou), but it was actually an urban agglomeration around Taihu Lake. It covers an area of 2,445 square kilometers, with 48 islands and 72 peaks. Here, mountains and rivers are interdependent, with rich levels, forming a natural picture of "Qingshan Lake outside the mountain, Dai Feng Congdong Spring". While enjoying the beautiful scenery of Taihu Lake, you can also visit the famous mountains and gardens of Jiangcai and explore history.
(5) Hulun Lake in Inner Mongolia, the Fiona Fang of Hulun Lake is 800 miles long, and the blue waves are like a crystal pearl embedded in Hulun Buir grassland. Hulun Lake, also known as Lunchi Lake and Dalai Lake, covers an area of 2,339 square kilometers, with an altitude of 545.6 meters, an average water depth of 5.7 meters, a maximum water depth of about 8 meters and a storage capacity of 65.438+0.385 billion cubic meters. It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China and the largest lake in Inner Mongolia. The lake is 93km long, with a maximum width of 4 1km, an average width of 32km and a circumference of 447km.
(6) Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province. The beautiful and rich Hongze Lake is the location of four counties (Lianshui, Hongze, Xuyi and Jinhu) in Huai 'an four districts (Qinghe, Qingpu, Chuzhou and Huaiyin) and three counties (Shuyang, Siyang and Sihong) in Suqian two districts (Sucheng and suyu district). Hongze Lake is located in the west of Hongze County, Jiangsu Province, and developed on the alluvial plain in the middle reaches of Huaihe River. It used to be a depression with poor drainage, but later the accumulated water became many small lakes. During the Qin and Han Dynasties in China, they were called "Fuling" lakes. Among them, Hongze Lake is the largest, covering an area of 2,069 square kilometers, and it is the fifth largest freshwater lake in China. Hongze Lake is a shallow lake with a water depth of less than 4 meters and a maximum water depth of 5.5 meters.
Namco, Tibet is located between Dangxiong County and Bango County in Tibet, with an altitude of 47 18 meters. The shape of the lake is approximately rectangular, with a length of more than 70 kilometers from east to west and a width of more than 30 kilometers from north to south, with an area of 1920 square kilometers.
Selin Lake in Tibet is the second largest lake in Tibet and the third largest saltwater lake in China. Serincu is a structural lake produced during the formation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it is also a large deep-water lake. The water depth in the center of the lake is more than 30 meters, the transparency is 7-8, and the salinity is18.3-18.8g/L.
(9) Nansi Lake in Shandong Province is the floorboard of four connected lakes: Weishan Lake, Zhaoyang Lake, dushan lake Lake and Nanyang Lake. However, because its area is larger than the other three lakes, it is customarily called Weishan Lake, which is located in Weishan County in the south of Shandong Province and is the second largest freshwater lake for comprehensive utilization in the Huaihe River Basin.
(10) Bosten Lake in Xinjiang. It was called "West Sea" in ancient times and "Fish Sea" in Tang Dynasty. It was named Bosten Lake in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Bohu county, located in the southeast of Yanqi Basin, is the largest inland freshwater lake in China. Bostennur, which means "standing" in Mongolian, is named after the three mountains in the lake stand tall.
(1 1) Zhari Namco, Tibet, located in Cuoqin County, northern Tibet, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, also known as Talko and Trinamuco. The lake is 46 13m above sea level and covers an area of 1023km2. It is the third largest lake in Tibet and the fourth largest saltwater lake in China. The lake is 53.5 kilometers long from east to west and 26 kilometers wide from north to south, with an average width of about 18 kilometers and a circumference of 183 kilometers.
(12) Dangrang Yongcuo, Tibet, located at the northern foot of the middle part of Gangdise Mountain, 3 1 00' north latitude and 86 30' east longitude, is located in Shenzha County, Naqu District, Tibet, and is 150 km away from Nima County. The west of Qiangtang in Wan Li is a world-famous "no man's land". Danglayongcuo is the largest sacred lake worshipped by primitive Bonism in Tibet, with an area of 840 square kilometers and an altitude of more than 4,600 meters. It is the fifth largest saltwater lake in China and the fourth largest lake in Tibet.
(13) gaoyou lake, also known as Zhuhu Lake and Biwahu Lake, is located at the border of Gaoyou City. It is the third largest freshwater lake in Jiangsu Province and the eighth largest freshwater lake in China. Because the water level is higher than the canal, it is called a suspended lake, which consists of several small lakes, among which 36 lakes, such as Zhuhu Lake, Fushe Lake and Ping 'an Lake, are connected.
(14) Chaohu Lake in Anhui Province, located in the middle of Anhui Province, between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, belongs to the left bank water system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and is the ninth largest freshwater lake in China. Its basic shape is like a bird's nest, hence the name Chaohu Lake. It is 54.5 kilometers long from east to west and 2 1 km wide from north to south, with a water area of about 769.5 square kilometers. It is the largest lake in Anhui, surrounded by Hefei City, Chaohu City and Lujiang County.
(15) Wulungu Lake in Xinjiang, also known as Buluntoi Lake, Fuhai Lake and Haizi (called Xiaohaizi adjacent to Liji Lake, with an area of 165 square kilometers), is located in Fuhai County, Altay region, Xinjiang, China, a fault lake in the north of Junggar Basin, with 47 degrees 02 minutes north latitude and 47 degrees 25 minutes east longitude.
(16) Ebinur Lake in Xinjiang is called "Ebinur Lake" in Mongolian, which means "Xiangyang", "Naoer" means "Lake" and Ebinur Lake is called "Xiangyang Lake". Located 35km north of Jinghe County, Xinjiang, it is adjacent to Jinghe-Alashankou section of Beijiang Railway in the west, 35km north to Alashankou, and east to Ganjiahu Haloxylon Nature Reserve.
(17) Yangzhuo Yongcuo in Tibet, referred to as Yanghu for short, together with Namco and Mabian Yongcuo, is called the three holy lakes in Tibet and the tenth largest freshwater lake in China. Located in the south bank of Yarlung Zangbo River, Langkazi County, Shannan, more than 70 kilometers southwest of Lhasa. The elevation of the lake is 444 1 m, east-west 130 km, north-south 70 km, with a total length of 250 km and a total area of 638 square kilometers.
(18) Ering Lake in Qinghai is a large plateau freshwater lake in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The first 1 1 large freshwater lake in China, also known as the Ering Sea, is called White Sea in ancient times, which means dragon blue lake in Tibetan. Located in the western depression of maduo county, Qinghai Province, China, it is 5 km away from Zhaling Lake/KLOC-0, and it is also called "Sister Lake at the Head of the Yellow River" with Zhaling Lake. Erling Lake is shaped like a golden bell, narrow from east to west and long from north to south. It is separated from Zhaling Lake by a natural dam and looks like a butterfly. The lake is 4272 meters above sea level, about 32.3 kilometers long from north to south, about 3 1.6 kilometers wide from east to west, with an area of 6 10 square kilometers, an average water depth of 17.6 meters, the deepest point of Hubei Province of 30.7 meters, and a storage capacity of 107 billion cubic meters. When the Yellow River flows through Bayanlangma Mountain between the two lakes, it forms a canyon about 300 meters long. From the east of the canyon to the lake, there is a vast swamp. The Yellow River flows in from the southwest and out from the northeast. Due to less sediment entering the lake, the lake is blue. The lake is rich in cold-water scaleless fish, and the small island migratory birds in the lake gather to form another bird island on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Surrounded by subalpine meadows, the lake is an important pasture in Qinghai. Historically, Eren Lake was the place where Songzan Gambu married Princess Wencheng. The fish that inhabit the lake are naked carp, Papilio oblongata, Yellow River fish, thick-lipped fish and some loach. The fish in the deep water layer are loach, and the fish in the upper layer are CYPRINIDAE, among which naked carp spots and anchovies with flat lips are economic fish, with an output of about 22.5kg/hm2. There is no fishing in history, and local herders have the habit of taking fish as a god. Fishing production began in the early 1960s, and the annual fish output was about 300× 104kg. However, due to inconvenient transportation, it is difficult to transport fish products abroad, which is intermittent. The small island in the middle of the lake is home to a variety of migratory birds, such as geese, brown-necked gulls, fish gulls and green ducks, and has become another bird island on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
(XIX) Wulan Wula Lake in Qinghai Province is located in Golmud County and Zhiduo County, Qinghai Province, with an area of 6 10 square kilometers. It is a large saltwater lake on the northern edge of Qiangtang Basin and an adjacent swamp, and the eighth largest saltwater lake in China. The shore of the lake is deeply serrated, and there are several large islands, which are formed by the circular arrangement of three lakes: North Lake, West Lake and East Lake. North Lake is long and narrow, with an area of 504 square kilometers and an altitude of 4,900-5,300 meters. The water sources of the water supply system around Wulanlula Lake include meltwater from alpine ice cap glaciers and spring water gushing from Mesozoic and Cenozoic clastic rocks, and Equima River is distributed in the south and southwest. Seasonal recharge has certain influence on lake flow and lake replacement cycle. The temperature in Wulanlula Lake is low, and the freezing period is six months. The lake is rich in fish, and Schizothorax is the most common dominant species. These fish not only sleep in caves in the long winter, but also sleep in some periods in summer to avoid strong solar radiation during the day and low temperature at night.
(20) Ayak Kumu Lake in Xinjiang, also known as Ayak Kumu Kule Lake, Ayak Kumu Lake and Aya Lake. , located in Qiwentag Township, Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 550 kilometers southeast of Korla, 0/90 kilometers south of Ruoqiang, the northernmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a large-scale unfrozen saltwater lake in the inland basin between Altun Mountain and Kunlun Mountain and a large salt flat in the east. The water comes from many intermittent rivers around Qimantage Mountain and East Kunlun Mountain. Mingbulak in the south means "a thousand springs". There are large swamps around Patty Freshwater Lake in ishak in the east. Covering an area of 600 square kilometers, it is the ninth largest saltwater lake in China, mainly distributing surface brine, with an altitude of 3,870 meters. The climate is dry and cold, and there is no summer all year round. The annual precipitation 100 ~ 200mm, with 85% concentrated in May ~ August, mainly solid. The annual average temperature is below 0℃. Extreme high temperature 6℃, extreme low temperature -37℃, large temperature difference between day and night, strong solar radiation. The lake is the largest Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve in China established by 1983, with a total area of 4.5 million hectares. It is managed by Xinjiang Environmental Protection Bureau, with offices in Ruoqiang and stations in Yaziquan and Iqbal. The main protected objects are plateau ungulates: Tibetan wild donkeys, wild yaks, Tibetan gazelles, Tibetan gazelles, argali, blue sheep and so on. Among the birds, black-necked crane, jade belt sea eagle, Tibetan snow chicken and Tibetan belly snow chicken are also protected. There are 250 known species of main vegetation, with Gramineae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae and Cyperaceae as the dominant species. In alpine meadow, the coverage of Stipa purpurea is 40% and that of Leymus chinensis is 35%. There are mainly Leymus chinensis, Thinopyrum repens and wormwood in swamp salinized meadow. Salinization depression is a plateau desert vegetation of Ceratoides. On the edge of the depression, the seasonal riverbed and spring land are surrounded by cold and low shrubs with creeping cypress branches. There are no fish in the lake, but aquatic invertebrates are rich in resources and biomass, among which fish and insects, as high-protein bait, need to be developed. Large swamp meadow grassland is one of the important forage bases in Ruoqiang County.
(2 1) Hala Lake, Qinghai Province is a large-scale saltwater lake in the inland basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the tenth largest saltwater lake in China and the second largest saltwater lake in Qinghai Province, also known as the Black Sea, with a lake area of 593 square kilometers, a maximum depth of 65 meters and a volume of 654.38+06 billion cubic meters. Located 300 kilometers northeast of Golmud City, Qinghai Province, northeast of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, between Tianjun County and Delingha City, 3818' n' n, 97° 35' E, with an altitude of 4078 meters. Tuanjie Peak, 5826 meters above sea level on the north side of Hala Lake, is the main peak of Qilian Mountains and the highest peak on the border between Gansu and Qinghai provinces. Locals call it "Jiele in Wujiu" or "Jiele in WU GANG". There are dozens of large and small lake bubbles in this wetland, which store water all the year round, belonging to shallow lake bubbles, and a large area is swamp. There are more than 400 species of higher plants and abundant animal resources in Hala Lake, including more than 500 species of invertebrates and 339 species of vertebrates, including 53 species of fish (especially large population of mandarin fish), 6 species of amphibians, 8 species of reptiles, 242 species of birds and 30 species of mammals. Among the birds, there are 7 species under national first-class protection, 35 species under national second-class protection and 50 species under provincial key protection. It is also an important breeding ground for geese, ducks, snipes and seagulls. At that time, this wetland was considered as the most complete and primitive wetland ecosystem in northern China, which was characterized by naturalness, typicality, rarity and diversity.
(22) Angla Rencuo, Tibet is an inland lake located in Zhongba County, Tibet, which belongs to brackish water lake. Located at the northern foot of the Gangdise Mountains, it is a tectonic depression lake. The lake is replenished by melting water of ice and snow, and rivers entering the lake include Amao Zangbo, Jiaburi Asabo and Junzang Zangbo, with catchment area of 128 10 square kilometer. The lake is 4689 meters above sea level, 56.6 kilometers long, with an average width of 9.9 kilometers, a maximum width of 17.9 kilometers and an area of 560 square kilometers. The average water depth18.3m, storage capacity 10.26 billion m3, and lake salinity16.2g/l are the first1/large saltwater lake in China.
Lianhuan Lake, located in Dulbert Mongolian Autonomous County, anniversary city, Heilongjiang Province, covers an area of 553 square kilometers and is the 12th largest freshwater lake in China. The genetic type of Lianhuan Lake is a lake formed in the lowlands between sand ridges. The waters belong to the continental monsoon climate in the north temperate zone, with an average elevation of135-144m, a maximum water depth of 5m, an average water depth of 0.5m and a volume of1200 million cubic meters. The water area consists of 18 lakes, two ditches and three artificial aqueducts. From south to north, the names of lakes, ditches and canals are Yamenxi Bubble, A Mu Tower Bubble, Tiehala Bubble, Huoshao Black Bubble, Nashidai Bubble, Yamenpao Bubble, Aobao Bubble, Shang Xiao Bubble, Hongyuan Bubble, Zucchini Bubble, Erbagou Bubble, Tarahong Bubble and Yamenpao Bubble. Lakes are separated by reeds and islands, and the waters are connected at high water level, forming a chain, and the types of wetland tourism resources are very rich. Because the landscape structure of Lianhuan Lake is high in the north and low in the south, with a length of 120 li from north to south and a width of 6 1 li from east to west, and a flat lake bottom, it is one of the largest inland freshwater lakes in Heilongjiang Province and a large-scale shallow lake with a long reputation in Songnen Plain. The lake area is low and flat. Lianhuan Lake is rich in aquatic animals and plants. There are 7 phyla and 85 genera of phytoplankton, and 25 genera of diatom and other vegetative algae. Macrobrachium nipponense, China gibbon and white shrimp are the main benthos, which can be directly captured. There are more than 40 species of aquatic plants in 24 families, among which reed is the most abundant. Abundant aquatic plants create unique conditions for the reproduction of freshwater fish. There are 65 known fish species, and the annual fishing capacity exceeds 1000 tons. There are more than 40 kinds of freshwater fish in the lake, especially carp, grass carp, silver carp, crucian carp, snakehead, pike, loach, yellow croaker, silver carp, white drift, wheat ear fish, willow root pond and so on, which have excellent economic value. There are lush and high-quality reeds in the shallow part of the edge of Lianhuan Lake, which is one of the high-quality reed producing areas in Daqing area.
(24) Zhaling Lake and Eling Lake in Qinghai are the largest pair of freshwater lakes in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, also known as "Chaling Sea", which means Changbai Lake in Tibetan. The structural depression located in the west of maduo county in Qinghai Plateau is located in the west of Eren Lake, separated from Eren Lake and a natural dike, and looks like a butterfly. The lake is 4,294 meters above sea level, 35 kilometers long from east to west and 2 1.6 kilometers wide from north to south, showing an asymmetric diamond shape. Covering an area of 526 square kilometers, it is the 13th largest freshwater lake in China, with a storage capacity of 4.67 billion cubic meters and an average water depth of 8.9 meters. The northeast of the lake is deep, with the maximum water depth of 13. 1 m. It is shallow in the west, the water depth is generally only 1 ~ 2 meters, the shallowest part is only a few tens of centimeters, and the bottom material is gravel. The Yellow River is the confluence of Nakariqu and Yuegu Zonglie Canal (Tibetan name Maqu), which flows in from the southwest corner and out from the southeast corner. The south of the lake center is the mainstream line of the Yellow River. The Yellow River carries a lot of sediment into the lake, and the lake is gray when the wind and waves start, so it is called Changbai Lake. There are many phytoplankton and rich fish resources in the lake, which, together with Ering Lake, is one of the aquatic fishing bases in Qinghai. The west of the lake is not far from where the Yellow River enters the lake, and there are three small islands. In summer, large groups of migratory birds gather together, also known as bird island. The lake is mostly subalpine meadow, which is an important pasture.
(25) Taroko, Tibet, is located in the northern part of Zhongba County, Kaze Prefecture, Tibet, at the northern foot of Gangdise Mountain. The lake is 4566 meters above sea level, with an area of 486.6 square kilometers, a length of 38. 1 km, a maximum width of 17.2 km and an average width of 12.77 km. The lake is mainly replenished by runoff from melting ice and snow, and 19 rivers enter the lake, such as Buduozangbu, which is an inland river. The lake area belongs to the semi-arid climate of alpine grassland, with an average annual precipitation of about 200mm and an average annual temperature of 0 ~ 2℃. Lake water is a carbonate subtype freshwater lake with a salinity of 770.m/, making it the 14th largest freshwater lake in China.
(XXVI) Bangongcuo, Tibet, also known as Cuomu Angla Hongbo, which means "Swan with Long Neck" in Tibetan, has the highest bird island in the world, located at 12km northwest of Ritu County in Ali region of Tibet, and is an international lake at the junction of Ritu County in Tibet and Indian-controlled Kashmir in China. 80% of its length and area is in China, Tibet, Ali, and the rest is in Indian-controlled Kashmir. Interestingly, although both belong to the same lake, the fresh water in our country is the salt water in India, which is too bitter to eat and no fish grows. It is a tectonic lake with an altitude of 4242 meters. There is a saltwater lake in the west and a freshwater lake in the east. It covers an area of 604 square kilometers, covering 480 square kilometers in China. The lake is long and narrow, showing an east-west trend, with a length of about 155 km from north to south and a width of about 15 km from north to south. The narrowest part is only five meters, the deepest part is 4 1.3 meters, and the drainage area is 287 14 square kilometers. The lake is clear and the transparency can reach 3-4 meters. The ice age lasts for six months every year. The lake water in Ritu County is mainly fresh water, with a small amount of semi-fresh water. There are more than a dozen islands of different sizes in the lake. There are about 20 kinds of birds on the island, and the largest number can reach tens of thousands. The main birds are: spotted geese, brown-headed gulls, fish gulls, crested ducks and red-headed ducks. Among them, the striped geese and brown-headed gulls have the largest number (27), which are located in Shenzha County, Naqu District, Tibet. The shape of the lake is a northeast-southwest strip. The lake water is mainly supplied by Shenzha Zangbo on the southeast coast and Balu Zangbo on the southwest coast, and the lake water is injected into Zigui Cuo through Xiajia Zangbo on the northwest coast. The lake area belongs to the semi-arid climate of alpine grassland, with an average annual precipitation of about 200 ~ 300mm and an average annual temperature of 0℃.
(28) Angzicuo, Tibet, located in Nima County, Naqu District, Xizang Autonomous Region City, China, is located in the south of Nima County, 460 kilometers northwest of Lhasa, a large saltwater lake and an adjacent brackish marsh at the northern foot of Angzishan Mountain, with an altitude of 4,683 meters and an area of 4,665,438 0.5 square kilometers, making it the 13th largest saltwater lake in China. The lake is mainly replenished by precipitation and surface runoff, and 22 rivers enter the lake, such as Dazazangbu. The annual average precipitation in the lake area is about 200 ~ 300mm, and the annual average temperature is -2 ~ 0℃.
(29) Sailimu Lake in Xinjiang, called "Jinghai" in ancient times, is located in an alpine basin in the western section of Tianshan Mountain, more than 90 kilometers southwest of Bole City, Bortala Prefecture, Xinjiang. Urumqi-Ili Highway, the north road of the Silk Road, is along the south bank of the lake, adjacent to Huocheng County, Ili Prefecture. This is a beautiful mountain lake. The lake is 2072 meters above sea level, 30 kilometers long from east to west, 25 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 453 square kilometers, with an average water depth of 46.4 meters, the deepest point 106 meter, and the storage capacity of 2 100 billion cubic meters. It is the 14th largest saltwater lake in China and the largest alpine cold water lake in Xinjiang. Lake water is mainly replenished by groundwater except some small rivers around it. Due to its high position and large evaporation, the salinity of the lake is about 3 g/L, which is slightly salty and belongs to a brackish lake.
(30) Chagan Lake in Jilin, which means "Chagan Naoer" in Mongolian, is a white and holy lake. It is located in the former Guoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County in the northwest of Jilin Province, in the water network area where Nenjiang River meets Huolin River. It is 37 kilometers long from north to south, and the average width from east to west is 1 1 km, and the coastline twists and turns 128 km. Chagan Lake has a beautiful environment and beautiful scenery, and is rich in carp, silver carp and bighead carp. Chagan Lake is a lake formed by rivers, which was once a part of the main channel of Nenjiang River in history. Due to crustal movement, climate change, river swing, siltation and other reasons, Nenjiang River diverted eastward to the east of Daan platform, leaving Daan ancient channel. On the other hand, the incoming water of the tributary Huolin River gradually decreases, the river course gradually silts up, and the outlet is blocked, forming a blind tail river. In addition, the terrain here is flat and the drainage is not smooth. Therefore, this lake was formed in the west of Jilin Province, which is called "800 Sea".
Chagan Lake, formerly known as Chagan Bubble and Ganhe River, was officially renamed Chagan Lake in the census of geographical names in Jilin Province in 1983.
1976, China * * * Guo Qian county party committee and government led the whole county 10 people of all ethnic groups to carry with their bare hands. After two hard struggles and eight years, an artificial canal with a length of 53.85 kilometers and a bottom width of 50 meters was finally built at 1984. The diversion canal not only injected new life into Chagan Lake, but also obviously changed the natural conditions and ecological environment of the autonomous county, which made the fishery production, reed production and tourism here develop unprecedentedly. By the beginning of the 20th century, the water area of Chagan Lake had expanded from more than 50 square kilometers before the construction of the project to 420 square kilometers, the wetland area had reached 5 14.2 square kilometers, and the annual fish production had stabilized at about 3,500 tons.
(31) Honghu Lake in Hubei Province is the 16 largest freshwater lake in China and the largest lake in Hubei Province. Honghu Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the south-central part of Hubei Province, on the north bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The administrative division belongs to Jingzhou City, spanning honghu city and Jianli County. The lake is 25 meters above sea level and covers an area of 4 13 square kilometers. Average depth 1.5m, maximum depth of 6.5m, and volume of 750 million cubic meters. There are vast waters, abundant aquatic plants, clear water and rich products, and it has been known as "land of abundance" and "paradise on earth" since ancient times. The east and west sides are connected with the Yangtze River, which is a good place to raise fish. Every winter, geese and ducks gather in the area from Heiyuwan to Luoshan in the south of the lake area, which is rich in waterfowl resources. Feather fans made of wild duck feathers are traditional handicrafts in Honghu area.
(32) Yongcuo in Mabian, Tibet, also known as Mafamucuo, was once called Ma Zhong Cuo, the most transparent freshwater lake in China and the largest freshwater lake in China 17. Tibetan means "unbeaten, victorious" and is called "God Fox". It is located between Gangrinbo Feng Qi, the main peak of Gangdise Mountain in Pulan County, Xizang Autonomous Region, and Namunani Peak in Himalayan Mountain. It was once connected with Lhanag-tso Lake (Ghost Lake), and then blocked by floods and ice water deposits, and evolved into an inner lake. The lake is pear-shaped, wide in the north and narrow in the south, with a major axis of 26 km and a minor axis of 2 1 km. The lake is 4588 meters above sea level. The average water depth is 46 meters, the maximum water depth is 8 1.8 meters, and the area is 4 12 square kilometers. The lake is crystal clear with transparency 14m. The salinity of lake water is 400 mg/L, which belongs to freshwater lake and contains trace elements such as boron, lithium and fluorine. It is mainly supplied by meltwater and rainwater, and some springs are also supplied. The coastline of the lake is straight, with a circumference of 83 kilometers, and the coastline development coefficient is 1. 15. The terraces on the east and southeast coasts are developed. There are many hot springs around this lake. On the alluvial plain and alluvial fan at the foot of the mountain, there is a desert grassland dominated by Stipa psammophila and mixed with Stipa pinnata and Stipa purpurea. Marsh meadow is developed on the lakeside terrace, which is composed of Platycladus orientalis, Polygonum sibiricum, Artemisia selengensis and Carex tibetica. The lake area is dominated by animal husbandry, and the lake produces Mafa Muyu and naked carp.
Duoge Cuoren, Tibet, is located in the middle of Shuanghu County, Naqu Prefecture, Tibet, between Wenzari and Dongbule Mountain in Qiang Ren, with an altitude of 492 1 m and an area of 393.3 square kilometers. The climate in the lake area is harsh, with annual average precipitation 150 ~ 200mm and annual average temperature below -6℃. The lake is long and narrow, showing an east-west trend. The coastline of the lake is tortuous, and there are many lakes on the peninsula. Lake water is mainly replenished by ice and snow melt water runoff and spring water. It belongs to chloride salt lake and is the largest 15 salt lake in China.
Wurucuo, Tibet, located in Shenzha County, Naqu District, Tibet, covers an area of 362.5 square kilometers and is the largest freshwater lake in China 18.
(35) Kekule Lake in Aqi, Xinjiang is located at the northernmost part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 2 10 km south of Ruoqiang, a large saltwater lake between Altun Mountain and Kunlun Mountain. It is replenished by several small rivers and many intermittent rivers originating from Kunlun Mountain in the south and west, with an altitude of 4,250 meters and an area of 360 square kilometers. It is the largest saltwater lake in China. Plateau basin climate, annual precipitation150 mm. Cyperus sedge and rhizome weeds are the main vegetation swamps, and Leymus angustifolia, Leymus microphylla and Elytrigia alpina are the dominant species of salinized meadow. In addition, there are Polygonum viviparum, Artemisia, Carex, Potentilla, and the vegetation height is 10 ~ 50 cm. Belonging to Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve, it is in a primitive state because it is uninhabited. There is fresh water by the lake, which is an ideal camp for plateau tourism, hunting, mountaineering and scientific research.
(36) Cave fault in dolso, Tibet, also known as cool cave measure. Located in Shuanghu County, Naqu Prefecture, Tibet, with an altitude of 4,749 meters and an area of 350 square kilometers, it is the largest saltwater lake in China 17. Surrounded by natural pastures.
(37) Xijin Wulan Lake in Qinghai, called Xijin Wulan Nur in Mongolian and Qiangcuo in Tibetan, is located in the west of Beiluhe Township, Zhiduo County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province; Geographical coordinates are 90 05'-90 38' east longitude and 35 09'-35' north latitude17'. The lake area is surrounded by swamps, grasslands and desert dunes. Xijin Wulan Lake is 53km long from east to west, 6km wide,16km wide and 4.7m deep, with a lake area of 346km2. It is the largest saltwater lake in China. The lake is 4769 meters above sea level. The shore of Hunan is straight, the north shore is uneven, and the lake bay is developed. Recently, the lake basin has shrunk obviously, and there are more than 20 small or dry salt lakes around the lake 1km2. The salinity of Xijin Wulan Lake is 356.7g/L and the relative density is 1. 164. The pH value is 7. 13, and the hydrochemical type is magnesium sulfate subtype. Solid salt deposits include halite, gypsum, mirabilite and anhydrous mirabilite. Carbonate minerals such as calcite are deposited in clastic layers.
(38) Dongdabuxun Lake in Qinghai Province, located 60 kilometers north of Golmud County, Qinghai Province, covers an area of 342.8 square kilometers, and is the largest saltwater lake in China 19, with a reserve of 50 billion tons of potassium and magnesium salts. Dongdabuxun Lake is the largest lake in Qaidam Basin. If Kunlun Mountain and Qilian Mountain are two opposing barriers, and Qaidam Basin is the flat land between the barriers, then Dongdabuxun Lake is a big pit between the flat land. Chaerhan Salt Lake is the largest salt lake in China, known as the "king of salt lakes", also known as Chaerhan Salt Lake. Golmud City and dulan county, located in the south of Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, include Dongdabuxun Lake and North and South Horuson Lake, covering an area of about 5,856 square kilometers. Most salt lakes are covered with hard salt shells. Below the salt crust is a salt layer and intercrystalline brine. The salt layer is 60 meters thick and has a reserve of 53 billion tons. Intergranular brine belongs to chloride type and is rich in carnallite, which is the largest liquid deposit of potassium and magnesium salts in China. The annual output of potassium chloride in Qinghai Potash Fertilizer Plant will reach 654.38 million tons. Potash reserves are second only to the Dead Sea, ranking second in the world. Dun (Huang) Ge (Ermu) Highway spans a section of salt lake, with a total length of about 32 kilometers. It is paved with salt and is called "Zhang Wan Salt Bridge". The Qinghai-Tibet Railway also has a 32-kilometer-long road infrastructure built on the salt lake, which is rare in the history of railway construction in the world.
Baiyangdian Lake, located in the middle of Hebei Province, is the largest lake in Haihe Plain of China. Formerly known as Baiyangdian, also known as Xidian, it is famous at home and abroad for the film Private Zhang Ga. It is formed by collecting water on the fan-edge depression at the intersection of Yongding River and Hutuo River alluvial fan in front of Taihang Mountain. There are 0/43 lakes/kloc-,among which Baiyangdian Lake, Shaoche Lake, Yangjiao Lake, Chiyu Lake and Houtang Lake are larger, collectively called Baiyangdian Lake, with an area of 336 square kilometers, and it is the largest freshwater lake 19 in China. The upper reaches receive rivers such as Puhe River, Tanghe River, Caohe River and Zhulong River from north, west and south, with an average storage capacity of 654.38+32 million cubic meters, and the lower reaches are discharged by Daqing River.
(40) East CuO in Luma, Tibet, also known as "Chaluoercuo", "Chaluole Lake" and "Cuozacuo", which means "Quanbei Open Space Lake". In Ritu County, Ali region, Tibet, it is located in the northeast of the county, with an altitude of 48 10 meters. Covering an area of 306 square kilometers, it is the 20th largest saltwater lake in China, producing naked carp and surrounded by natural pastures.