Medical research has found that the size and number of fat cells in obese people are far more than those in normal people. The function of adipocytes is not only to store fat, but also to have certain endocrine function. Adipocytes can produce some hormones, or they can be target cells that receive some hormones. The increase of fat cells disturbs the hormone balance system, and the hormone level of abdominal obesity changes even more. Adult women with severe abdominal obesity will have abnormal ovulation, less menstrual flow, shortened menstruation and even amenorrhea, which will cause reproductive dysfunction such as pregnancy difficulties, and some women will also have polycystic ovary syndrome.
Israeli gynecologists Lior Raichel and Eyal Sheiner pointed out that obese and overweight women are more difficult to get pregnant, and even if pregnancy is successful, abnormal conditions are prone to occur during pregnancy and delivery. They also said that the average woman will gain 1 1 ~ 15 kg during pregnancy. If women are overweight at ordinary times, they are prone to gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension during pregnancy. If obese women want to have a caesarean section after pregnancy, because the abdominal fat is too thick, anesthesia during caesarean section is also more dangerous. Therefore, they advise women who want to get pregnant to keep a normal weight and pay attention to losing weight in time.
Harm 2 caused by obesity: Girls' puberty is advanced.
Researchers surveyed 6,500 American girls, including black girls, white girls, Hispanic girls and Asian girls. The results show that the onset age of puberty of black girls and Hispanic girls is significantly earlier than that of white girls and Asian girls, and the incidence of overweight is also higher. Compared with white girls, black girls are 55% more likely to have menarche before 1 1, while Hispanic girls are 76% more likely than white girls. Asian girls are the least prone to precocious puberty. Compared with white girls, 14 years old or older is 65% more likely to enter puberty.
Studies have pointed out that this phenomenon is related to the weight of girls. 1/40% of girls with menarche are overweight before kloc-0/year old, and 25% of girls with menarche after kloc-0//year old are overweight. Studies have confirmed that overweight girls aged 5-7 enter puberty earlier than girls of normal weight. Increasing the influence of estrogen on them in adolescence will increase their risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Harm 3 caused by obesity: Obese women with diabetes are prone to birth defects.
Compared with normal-weight women without diabetes, obese women with diabetes are more than three times more likely to give birth to defective babies. These defects are mainly manifested as cleft palate and limb deformity.
Researchers in Massachusetts said: We found that obesity and diabetes together are three times more likely to constitute all major defects. Almost 6% of babies born to women with type II diabetes have major defects, and the proportion of babies born to non-diabetic women is 1. 34%。 Isn't it horrible?
Harm brought by obesity 4: Obese women are prone to breast cancer.
Obesity is an important factor in inducing breast cancer. Medical experts have done a lot of research on the occurrence, development and prognosis of breast cancer from many angles. The results show that from the perspective of breast cancer, overweight or obese women, especially postmenopausal women, have a significantly higher risk of breast cancer than women with normal weight; From the development of breast cancer, obese women are more likely to have axillary lymph node metastasis, and the postoperative recurrence rate is higher than that of non-obese women. Judging from the prognosis of breast cancer, the mortality rate of obese women is significantly higher than that of normal weight women.
Studies have found that obesity is also related to the incidence of breast cancer. American researchers analyzed 2 16 breast cancer patients and found that the ratio of female waist circumference to hip circumference was greater than 0. 7. The relative risk of breast cancer is 3 times higher than that of normal people; The ratio is greater than 0. 8. The relative risk is 6 times higher than that of normal people. In other words, the increase of waist circumference is more likely to cause breast cancer than the increase of hip circumference.
Harm brought by obesity: Obese women are prone to endometrial cancer.
Medical research has found that obese women are prone to endometrial cancer, and its incidence rate is much higher than that of normal weight people. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of endometrial cancer, it is necessary to control the weight and reduce the degree of obesity. Generally speaking, obese women should regularly check their blood pressure, blood sugar and urine sugar, because obesity with diabetes and hypertension is an extremely dangerous signal of endometrial cancer.
Harm of Obesity VI: Relationship between Obesity and Menstrual Disorder
Clinical observation shows that obese women are often accompanied by menstrual disorder, which shows that the amount of menstruation gradually decreases from more to amenorrhea. If this happens to young women, there will be symptoms such as rough skin, acne, hirsutism and enlarged polycystic ovaries on both sides, which is called polycystic ovary syndrome.
Modern medical research believes that menstrual disorder in obese women is often due to the dysfunction of thalamus-pituitary-ovary axis system in the body, which leads to hormone imbalance in the body, which makes half of them have rare menstruation or abnormal ovarian function, and also causes pregnancy poisoning and dystocia in obese pregnant women.
In addition, other endocrine system diseases can also cause obesity and menstrual disorders, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
The results show that normal obese women can also have menstrual disorders, which is caused by overeating and long-term damage to spleen and kidney in most obese women. Clinically, female obesity and amenorrhea are actually different manifestations of the same cause. Generally, obese women lose excess weight first, and then they are treated according to the methods of resolving phlegm, promoting blood circulation and relaxing bowels, tonifying kidney and strengthening spleen, which can receive ideal results.
Harm caused by obesity 7: Obesity during pregnancy harms the health of pregnant women and their fetuses.
Obesity during pregnancy will have adverse effects on the health of pregnant women and fetuses. After pregnancy, with the growth of the fetus, the weight of pregnant women will continue to increase. In the increased weight, including the weight of fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid, as well as the weight of uterus, breast and blood volume, the rest is almost all the fat weight increased by pregnant women themselves.
Gynecologists say that weight gain during pregnancy is very normal, but there are certain limits. If it is excessively increased, it will lead to obesity in pregnant women. In general, the weight gain in the early pregnancy (the first three months) is not obvious, generally between 1 ~ 1. 5 kg; After 4 months of pregnancy, weight gain begins to accelerate, but the weekly increase should not exceed 0. 5 kg, pregnant women who are overweight before pregnancy should control their weekly weight gain at 0. About 3 kilograms. During the whole pregnancy, if the total weight gain is higher than 13 kg, pregnant women will accumulate excess fat.
Compared with ordinary pregnant women, the incidence of dystocia in obese pregnant women is higher. First, because of the accumulation of body fat, the elasticity of muscle tissue is weakened, and the uterine contraction is weak during childbirth; Second, the fetus of obese pregnant women is also larger, and the more natural it is, the more difficult and dangerous it is to give birth.
Excessive weight gain during pregnancy will obviously increase the risk of gestational diabetes, and it is also easy to cause hypertension. Gestational diabetes will not only increase the mortality of premature infants, macrosomia and newborns, but also the children born to patients are prone to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.
Harm brought by obesity: Obesity in pregnant women is related to the increase of stillbirth.
Medical research shows that obese women are more likely to stillbirth after pregnancy than thin women.
Sandra Beddock, an expert in obstetrics and gynecology in university of alberta, said: Women with a body mass index over 30 are twice as likely to give birth after pregnancy as women with normal weight. Beddock told the annual meeting of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists that it is not clear why obesity is associated with stillbirth, because these women have no other risk factors related to stillbirth, such as diabetes and hypertension. Beddock also said that there is a theory that these women are in a state called pre-diabetes and are resistant to insulin, which is related to obesity. In this case, the fetus will have problems in controlling its own blood sugar, or the blood vessels responsible for nourishing the fetus will be damaged.
There is also a theory that when obese women lie on their backs, their thick abdominal wall will oppress and affect the blood flow from placenta to fetus. The data of this study included stillbirths in three hospitals in Edmonton during February 2006 1998 to 1. The infants who delivered successfully in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The final analysis data included 93 pregnant women with unexplained stillbirth and 134 control group members.
The results showed that compared with pregnant women with normal body mass index before pregnancy, those obese pregnant women had twice the risk of stillbirth. Therefore, Beddock suggested that obese women should lose weight before pregnancy if conditions permit.
Beddock stressed that pregnant women should not go on a diet during pregnancy, and should be closely monitored by doctors and pay more attention to fetal movements. One way is to count the number of times the fetus kicks, so as to reflect the degree of fetal activity, which is a symbol of good fetal health.