Common sense of the book of songs and Tang poetry 1. Basic knowledge of the Book of Songs, Yuanqu, Tang Poetry and Song Poetry
The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, which contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period.
The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: Feng (160), Ya (105) and Fu (40). Are all named after music.
"Wind" means tone. The ancients called Shaanxi Opera, Feng Wei and Zheng Opera, just like Shaanxi Opera, Shanxi Opera, Henan Opera and Elegant Opera.
People in the Zhou Dynasty called Zheng Yayue, just as people in the Qing Dynasty called Kunqu Opera Ya Bu, with the meaning of honorific title. Xiaoya can be divided in chronological order.
Ode is a musical song used for offering sacrifices to ancestral temples. Youfeng's broken axe not only broke my axe, but also lacked my space.
The powerful Duke of Zhou led us eastward, and the four kingdoms put down the rebellion. Poor us, in the next war, we are also very lucky to have an eye!
In the fierce battle, the elliptical polarization broke and our Tina chisel was cut off. The powerful Duke of Zhou led us eastward, and the four kingdoms were in good order.
Poor us, these people, what a protective ending! You broke my axe and still need me? ? .
The brave Duke of Zhou led us eastward, and the frontiers of all directions were safe. Poor us, these survivors, are also auspicious wishes for prosperity!
Cao Feng, Mayfly Feather, has clear clothes. The trouble in my heart is where I belong? Wings of the Mayfly, clothes are bright.
My inner worry is the return of my interests? Soft Mayflies just emerged from the ground, gently dancing white Marvin's clothes. The troubles in my heart are mine? Yuanqu can be divided into zaju and Sanqu.
There are several sets of Sanqu, with different poems and melodies. In China ancient music, the mode is called "Taking care of Gongdiao". The gong tune of the song originated from Yan Yue in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The four strings of pipa are defined as gong, Shang, Jiao and Yu, and each string constitutes seven tones. The seven tones of gong are called "gong", and the rest are modes, and * * * gets 28 gong tones.
However, there are only twelve kinds of Yuan songs commonly used, namely, Lv Xian Palace, Lu Nan Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Gong Zheng, Dashi Tune, Xiaoshi Tune, Jiangjunguan Tune, Upward Tune, Upper Corner Tune, Double Tune and Yue Tune. Each gong tune has its own musical style, so there is often a certain habit in choosing the tune.
For example, Wang Jide said in Qu Lv: "If you use Gongdiao, you must talk about the joys and sorrows of things. If you are traveling, use Lv Xian and Double Carving. " Mourning music includes Shang and Yue tunes. Well-founded and touching.
"Every palace tune has a different tune. The number of sets consists of more than two different tunes in Monday Palace.
Yang Chunqu (Inscription)-Baipu has always been frugal, and bitter gourd has been sweet since ancient times. Your mother urges you to tighten the clamp, which is very strict. The more you hinder it, the more you feel.
Tianjingsha (Qiu Si) —— Old trees with withered vines in Ma Zhiyuan are humming. Small bridges and flowing water.
The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
Tang poetry is one of China's outstanding literary heritages and a bright pearl in the world literature treasure house. Although it has been over 1000 years, many poems have been widely circulated by us.
There are various forms of Tang poetry. There are basically two kinds of ancient poems in Tang Dynasty: five-character poems and seven-character poems.
There are also two kinds of modern poems, one is called quatrains, and the other is called metrical poems. Quatrains and metrical poems are five words and seven words respectively.
Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character archaic poetry, seven-character archaic poetry, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character rhythmic poems and seven-character rhythmic poems. Classical poetry has a wide range of requirements for rhyme and meter: in a poem, the number of sentences can be more or less, the chapters can be long or short, and the rhyme can be changed.
Modern poetry has strict requirements on rhyme and meter: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four-line quatrains and eight-line meter poems. The words used in each poem have certain rules, and the rhyme cannot be changed; Rhyme also requires that the middle four sentences become antithesis. The style of ancient poetry is handed down from the previous generation, so it is also called ancient style.
Modern poetry has strict rules, so some people call it metrical poetry. The forms and styles of Tang poetry are colorful and innovative.
It not only inherited the tradition of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu, but also greatly developed the singing style. It not only inherited the five-character or seven-character ancient poems of the previous generation, but also developed into a long and huge system of narrative romance; It not only expanded the use of five-character and seven-character styles, but also created modern poems with particularly beautiful and neat styles. Modern poetry was a new style of poetry at that time, and its emergence and maturity was an important event in the history of Tang poetry development.
It pushed the artistic features of China's ancient poems with harmonious syllables and refined words to an unprecedented height, and found a typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which has been especially loved by people so far. However, the metrical poems in modern poetry are easy to be bound because of their strict metrical restrictions, which is a major defect brought by their advantages.
Wang Wei, a farmhouse on the Wei River, in the countryside under the setting sun, cattle and sheep go home along the path. A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy.
There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves. Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially.
No wonder I yearned for a simple life and sang "Decline" in disappointment. Sorrow for Chen Tao-Du Fu's good son in Mengdong Ten Counties, whose blood is Chen Taoze's reclaimed water.
The wilderness under the blue sky became silent, and 40 thousand soldiers died on this day. The red arrow on the savage Hu Bing arrow, the blood of kind people, the singers can't understand Hugh's drinking spree on Chang 'an Avenue.
People in Chang 'an turned their heads and wept in the direction of Chen Tao, hoping that the troops of the Tang Dynasty could come back and restore their peaceful life in the past. Song Ci is one of China's ancient poems.
It began in Liang Dynasty, formed in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. According to Old Tang Book; "Since Kaiyuan (the year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), singers have mixed the songs of Okoyi Lane."
Due to the wide spread of music; At that time, there were many talented musicians in the city who made a living by singing. According to the need to coordinate the lyrics with the music beat, they created or adapted some long and short sentence lyrics, which are the earliest words. It can also be seen from Dunhuang Quzi Ci that the words produced by the people are decades earlier than those created by the literati.
Generally speaking, Ci can be divided into graceful school and wild school. Graceful words are elegant, graceful and full of music.
Like Liu Yong's "Where do you wake up tonight?" Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon "; Yan Shu's "Helpless Flowers Fall, I have met Yan Gui"; Yan's famous sentence, "Liu Lou's heart dances low, and the peach blossom fan sings at the bottom", is worthy of being a lyrical masterpiece with a blend of scenes and scenes, and has artistic merits. Bold ci began with Su Shi.
Scenery of mountains and rivers, scenery of farmhouses, traveling in all directions and ambition to serve the country have all become the themes of his ci. Words have epigrams.
Generally speaking, epigraph has the following situations: following the titles of ancient Yuefu poems or music; Such as "Six States Song Tou"; Name the words in several people's poems, such as Xijiangyue; According to a historical figure or allusion, such as Nian Nu Jiao; And the famous homemade epigram. Ci developed and gradually separated from music, becoming an independent style.
The origin of epigrams can be divided into the following three types: First, it was originally the name of music. The predecessor of Ci is a song with music, such as Bodhisattva Man, which is said to belong to Tang Dynasty.
2. Basic knowledge of the Book of Songs, Yuan Qu, Tang Poetry and Song Ci.
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with a total of 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period (there are 6 other poems by Xiaoya, which are not counted), so it is also called "300 poems" with Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu.
"There are more than 300 ancient poems, which are related to Confucius, but not important ..." (Historical Records of Confucius Family) is said to have been compiled by Confucius. Formerly known as "Poetry", it was regarded as a classic by Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty, but it was called "The Book of Songs", also known as "Poetry 300".
He initiated the excellent tradition of realism in China's ancient poetry creation. The content in The Book of Songs, in terms of its original nature, is the lyrics of songs.
Mozi Meng Gong said, "There are 300 ode poems, 300 string poems, 300 song poems and 300 dance poems", which means that there are more than 300 poems, all of which can be recited, played with musical instruments and sung and danced. "Historical Records Confucius Family" also said: "Three hundred and fifty poems were written by Confucius, in order to combine Shao, Wu, elegance and praise."
Although these statements are still possible to be discussed, there is no doubt that the Book of Songs was closely related to music and dance in ancient times. The Book of Songs is not only the earliest collection of poems, but also an encyclopedia reflecting the society at that time.
It is the source and representative work of China's "realistic" poetry tradition. The six meanings in the Book of Songs refer to style, elegance, praise, content, fu, comparison and xing, and these three refer to techniques, that is, the six meanings in the Book of Songs.
The division of style, elegance and fu is based on the difference of music. The Wind includes 15 articles, most of which are folk songs in the Yellow River valley, and it is called *** 160 articles.
Elegance can be divided into Xiaoya (3 1) and Daya (74), which are court music songs, *** 105. Ode, including Zhou Song (3 1), Truffle (4) and Ode to Shang Dynasty (5), consists of 40 music songs and dance songs used in ancestral halls.
"Wind" means tone. It is relative to "Wang Ji", an area directly ruled by the Zhou Dynasty.
It is music with local color. The ancients called it "Shaanxi Opera", "Feng Wei" and "Zheng Opera", just like Shaanxi Opera, Shaanxi Opera and Henan Opera we are talking about now. Guofeng Nan Zhou Guofeng Zhao Nanguo Qifeng Guofeng Wei Guofeng FengGuofeng Feng Wang Zheng Guofeng FengGuofeng Wei Guofeng tang style Guofeng Qifeng Guofeng Qin Feng Chen Guofeng Guo Feng Cao Feng Feng Feng Guofeng "Ya"
Elegance also means "positive". At that time, Ji Wang's music was regarded as a positive tone-a model music. People in the Zhou Dynasty called Zheng Yayue, just as people in the Qing Dynasty called Kunqu Opera Ya Bu, with the meaning of honorific title.
Zhu's Biography of Poetry says: "Elegance is righteousness, and singers are joy. The size of his articles is different, but the pros and cons of Confucian scholars are different.
Today's test is the joy of Xiaoya and Yan Yan; It is elegance, the joy of attending the meeting, and the words of discipline.
Different words and sounds have different syllables.
Therefore, the difference between size and elegance lies in its content. "Ode" is music specially used for ancestral temple sacrifice.
"Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "The description of the beauty and virtue of the eulogists tells the gods of their merits. "This is the meaning and use of ode.
Wang Guowei said: "Praise is slower than elegance." This is the characteristic of his music.
According to Zhu's Biography of Poetry, "Fu" means "Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Zhu". In other words, Fu is directly narrated.
Is the most basic expression. Such as "life and death are generous, Zicheng said.
Holding your hand and growing old with your son "means expressing your feelings directly." The "comparison" explained by Zhu is "comparing one thing with another", which means metaphor.
Metaphors are used in many places and in various ways in The Book of Songs. For example, Dream uses the change of mulberry trees from lush to withered to compare the rise and fall of love; "heming" uses the metaphor that "stones from other mountains can attack jade" to govern the country with sages; In Shuo Ren, the metaphor of beauty's hand, beauty's skin, beauty's teeth and so on are all good examples of using "Bi" in The Book of Songs.
"Fu" and "Bi" are the most basic means of expression in all poems, while "Xing" is the unique means in The Book of Songs and even China's poems. The original meaning of the word "Xing" is "Qi", so it is often called "Qi Xing".
The word "xing" in The Book of Songs is interpreted by Zhu as "talking about other things first, so as to stimulate what is sung", that is, paving the way for what is sung by other things. It is often used at the beginning of a poem or a chapter.
Sometimes when a sentence in a poem looks interesting, whether it is interesting can be judged by whether it is used at the beginning of a sentence or paragraph. For example, in Feng Wei's self-protection, "Mulberry leaves are flourishing before they fall" means prosperity.
About the most primitive "xing" is just a beginning, which has nothing to do with the following, but shows drift and association for no reason. Just like Qin Feng's Morning Wind, it is difficult to find a meaningful connection between the "Morning Wind" at the beginning and the "Seeing a gentleman, worrying" at the back.
Although in this case, it may be incomprehensible because of the time gap, this situation definitely exists. Even in modern folk songs, we can still see such "xing".
Besides, there are many meaningful uses of "Xing", such as metaphor, symbol and contrast. But it is precisely because "Xing" is originally produced by the drifting and association of ideas without reason, so even if it has a more real meaning, it is not so rigid, but subtle.
For example, Guan Guan's novel begins with "Guan Guan's dove is in the river continent", which was originally used by the poet to lead to the following "My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Nice", but the harmony of Guan Guan can also be used to describe the courtship between men and women, or the harmonious love between men and women, but its metaphorical meaning is not clear. Another example is the poem "Peach Blossom", which begins with "Peach Blossom Blossom Blossom Blossom Blossom" and describes the beautiful atmosphere of peach blossom in spring. It can be said to be a realistic pen, but it can also be understood as a metaphor for the bride's beauty, and it can also be said to set off the warm atmosphere of the wedding.
Because "Xing" is such an implicit and freely used technique, poets who like the implicit and euphemistic charm of poetry in later generations are particularly interested in it. They have their own tricks and innovations, forming China's classical poems.
3. What's the common sense about The Book of Songs?
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with 365,438+065,438+0 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems". The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. The Book of Songs is the oldest collection of poems in China.
The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: style, elegance and vulgarity, and fu.
Wind: refers to local folk songs.
Ya: Most of them are works of court officials and doctors, and a few are folk songs. Its content is almost all about politics, some praise good people and good politics, and some satirize bad politics. There are only a few poems expressing personal feelings. But there are no love poems.
Ode: refers to the sacrificial songs of various countries.
4. Copy a representative copy of the common sense about the Book of Songs, Tang Poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu.
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with a total of 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period (there are 6 other poems by Xiaoya, which are not counted), so it is also called "300 poems" with Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu.
"There are more than 300 ancient poems, which are related to Confucius, but not important ..." (Historical Records of Confucius Family) is said to have been compiled by Confucius. Formerly known as "Poetry", it was regarded as a classic by Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty, but it was called "The Book of Songs", also known as "Poetry 300".
He initiated the excellent tradition of realism in China's ancient poetry creation. The content in The Book of Songs, in terms of its original nature, is the lyrics of songs.
Mozi Meng Gong said, "There are 300 ode poems, 300 string poems, 300 song poems and 300 dance poems", which means that there are more than 300 poems, all of which can be recited, played with musical instruments and sung and danced. "Historical Records Confucius Family" also said: "Three hundred and fifty poems were written by Confucius, in order to combine Shao, Wu, elegance and praise."
Although these statements are still possible to be discussed, there is no doubt that the Book of Songs was closely related to music and dance in ancient times. The Book of Songs is not only the earliest collection of poems, but also an encyclopedia reflecting the society at that time.
It is the source and representative work of China's "realistic" poetry tradition. The six meanings in the Book of Songs refer to style, elegance, praise, content, fu, comparison and xing, and these three refer to techniques, that is, the six meanings in the Book of Songs.
The division of style, elegance and fu is based on the difference of music. The Wind includes 15 articles, most of which are folk songs in the Yellow River valley, and it is called *** 160 articles.
Elegance can be divided into Xiaoya (3 1) and Daya (74), which are court music songs, *** 105. Ode, including Zhou Song (3 1), Truffle (4) and Ode to Shang Dynasty (5), consists of 40 music songs and dance songs used in ancestral halls.
Yuanqu is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure house of the Chinese nation, which embodies its unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements and has become three important milestones in the history of China literature. Yuanqu originated from the so-called "Fanqu" and "Le Hu" and was first circulated among the people, and was called "Street Tune" or "Village Square Minor".
With the destruction of Song Dynasty in Yuan Dynasty, it spread in the vast areas of north and south, centering on Dadu (now Beijing) and Lin 'an (now Hangzhou). Yuanqu has strict metrical formula, and each qupai has fixed format requirements in sentence pattern, word number, level tone and so on.
Although there is a fixed frame, it is not rigid. It is allowed to insert in the fixed frame, add sentences to some qupai, and allow flat brushwork in rhyme, which is more flexible than rhyming quatrains and Song Ci. Therefore, readers can find that two songs with the same "Qupai" sometimes have different words, which is the reason (the one with the least words in the same Qupai is the standard frame).
Yuanqu combines traditional poetry, folk songs and dialects, forming a humorous and free-and-easy artistic style, which has a very important impact on the innovative development of Ci. Yuanqu is another literary prosperity after Tang poetry and Song poetry, and it has its unique charm: on the one hand, Yuanqu inherits the beauty and gracefulness of poetry; On the one hand, in the Yuan Dynasty, the soldiers and soldiers were placed in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine men and ten beggars", and the political monopoly and social darkness made Song Yuan radiate extremely dazzling fighting brilliance and reveal rebellious feelings; Sharp-edged pointed at the drawbacks of society, denounced the society that "not reading is the highest, illiteracy is the best, and people who are not sensible are bragging", and pointed at the world trend that "everyone is embarrassed to live, and no one can see the money".
The works describing love in Yuan Qu are also more inflammatory and bold than the poems of past dynasties. All these are enough to keep the artistic charm of Yuanqu forever.
Yuanqu can be divided into zaju and Sanqu. Sanqu can be divided into several sets, a poem and a song tape.
In ancient music in China, the mode is called Gongdiao. The Gongdiao of the song originated from Yan Yue in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The four strings of pipa are defined as Gongdiao, Shangshang, Jiaoyu, and each string constitutes seven tones, seven of which are called "Gong" and others are called tones, and * * * has 28 Gongdiao.
However, there are only twelve kinds of Yuan songs commonly used, namely, Lv Xian Palace, Lu Nan Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Gong Zheng, Dashi Tune, Xiaoshi Tune, Jiangjunguan Tune, Upward Tune, Upper Corner Tune, Double Tune and Yue Tune. Each gong tune has its own musical style, so there is often a certain habit in choosing the tune.
For example, Wang Jide said in Qu Lv: "If you use Gongdiao, you must talk about the joys and sorrows of things. If you are traveling, use Lv Xian and Double Carving. " Mourning music includes Shang and Yue tunes. It's easy to be emotional. "
Every palace tune has a different tune. The number of sets consists of more than two different tunes in Monday Palace.
Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in modern times, juxtaposes Yuan Qu with "Chu Sao, Han Fu, Parallel Prose of Six Dynasties, Tang Poetry and Song Poetry" and calls it "a generation of literature". The Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907) was the heyday of the development of classical poetry in China.
Tang poetry is one of China's outstanding literary heritages and a bright pearl in the world literature treasure house. Although it has been over 1000 years, many poems have been widely circulated by us.
There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are of course world-famous great poets. Besides them, there are countless other poets, like the stars all over the sky.
There are more than 2300 famous poets today. More than 48,900 of their works are preserved in the whole Tang poetry.
Tang poetry has a wide range of themes. Some of them reflected the class status and class contradictions of the society at that time and exposed the darkness of feudal society; Some praise the just war and express patriotic thoughts; Some depict the beauty of the motherland's rivers and mountains; In addition, some people express their personal ambitions and experiences, some express their children's love, some tell the friendship of friends, the joys and sorrows of life and so on.
In short, natural phenomena, political dynamics, working life, social customs and personal feelings can't escape the poet's keen eyes, making their writing the theme. In terms of creative methods, there are both realism and romanticism, and many great works are examples of the combination of these two creative methods, forming an excellent tradition of China's classical poetry.
5. What is the common sense of ancient poetry?
The common sense of ancient poetry is listed as follows:
1. Ancient poetry is a genre of ancient Chinese poetry, also known as ancient poetry or ancient style. It refers to a kind of poetry genre that came into being before the Tang Dynasty, as opposed to the modern poetry (also known as modern poetry) that appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Its characteristic is that the metrical restrictions are not too strict.
2. Ancient poems, including all kinds of poems before the formation of the Tang Law, and poems written in ancient style after the Tang Dynasty. With the Tang Dynasty as the boundary, the pre-Tang poems from the Book of Songs to the Southern and Northern Dynasties are all ancient poems. Since then, classical poetry has gradually declined and disappeared.
3. Ancient poetry (ancient poetry) has a fixed poem and style. Compared with modern poetry, the metrical restrictions of ancient poetry are less. The length can be long or short, and the rhyme is more free and flexible. There are four words, five words, seven words, miscellaneous words and other forms. The ancient poems after the Han and Wei Dynasties are generally dominated by five or seven words, with certain rhyme and inflections.
All ancient poems are classified according to the number of words in the poem. Four-character ancient poems are referred to as four-character ancient poems for short; Five-character ancient poems are referred to as five-character ancient poems for short; Seven-character ancient poems are referred to as seven-character ancient poems for short. Four-character poems were adopted by people as early as the Book of Songs. But it gradually declined in the Tang Dynasty, and few people wrote it.
5. Five-character poetry is the orthodoxy of ancient poetry, written by many people. Seven-character ancient poetry is not the mainstream of classical poetry, because it originated late. Therefore, the seven-character ancient style is greatly influenced by the seven-character modern poetry.
Extended data
About Tang poetry:
Tang poetry generally refers to poems written in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty is considered to be the dynasty with the richest old poems in China, so it is called Tang Poetry and Song Poetry. Most of the Tang poems are included in The Complete Poems of Tang Poetry. Since the Tang Dynasty, anthologies of Tang poetry have emerged continuously, and the most widely spread is "Three Hundred Tang Poems" compiled by retired scholars in Hengtang. According to the time,
The creation of Tang poetry can be divided into four stages: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang. There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Wang Wei are world-famous great poets.
There are two creative methods of Tang poetry: realism and romanticism. Many great works are examples of the combination of these two creative methods, forming an excellent tradition of China's classical poetry.
There are basically two kinds of ancient poems in Tang Dynasty: five-character poems and seven-character poems. There are also two kinds of modern poems, one is called quatrains, and the other is called metrical poems. Quatrains and metrical poems are five words and seven words respectively. Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character archaic poetry, seven-character archaic poetry, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character rhythmic poems and seven-character rhythmic poems.
References:
Sogou encyclopedia-ancient poems
6. A little knowledge of Tang poetry
Poetic Metrics-Knowledge of Ancient Poetry
Rhyme in literary works
Rhyme is one of the basic elements of poetry meter. Poets use rhyme in their poems, which is called rhyme. From The Book of Songs
There are few poems that don't rhyme to future generations. There are no folk songs that don't rhyme. In northern operas,
Rhyme is also called quotation, and rhyme is also called collocation quotation.
Most people can tell whether a poem rhymes or not. As for what rhyme is, it is
It is not easy. However, today we have hanyu pinyin, and the concept of rhyme is easy to explain.
The so-called rhyme in poetry is roughly equal to the so-called vowel in Chinese Pinyin. As we all know, a Chinese character is used.
Pinyin letters are usually spelled with initials and finals. For example, the word "male" is spelled G instead of G not gōng, where G is
Initial, not ng, vowel. The first letter is always in front and the vowel is always in the back. Let's look at "the East"
D not ng, "tong" Tó ng, "long" Ló ng, "zong" Z not ng, "cong" C not ng and so on all have vowels.
It is ong, so it is a homonym.
Any rhyming word can rhyme. The so-called rhyme means putting two or more rhyming words in it.
In the same position. Generally, rhyme is always placed at the end of a sentence, so it is also called "rhyme foot".
7. Poetry and common sense or knowledge of poetry
First, what is poetry?
The word "poem" is the abbreviation of the Book of Songs among the four books and five classics (poem, book, ceremony, book of changes, spring and autumn). The Book of Songs was originally called The Book of Songs, and was later regarded as a classic by Confucianism, so it was called The Book of Songs. The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. Poetry, originally sung with music, is also called "poetry", and later evolved into a literary genre without music.
1, the definition of poetry:
"1" is the earliest literary genre. It expresses social life and people's spiritual world with concise language, rich feelings and rich imagination according to certain syllables, tones and rhythms.
< 2 > Modern Chinese Dictionary: A literary genre that reflects life and expresses feelings through rhythmic and rhythmic language.
2. Definition and interpretation of poetry (according to Modern Chinese Dictionary)
(1) A rhythmic language.
Old-style poetry has strict requirements in rhythm and prosody. Especially in Tang poetry and Song poetry, there are strict rules on the number of words, the level of words, antithesis, allusion and rhyme.
① Rhythm (or beat): refers to the priority and cadence of sound, which is mainly manifested in the intermittent pause of tone.
△ Wang Wei's Acacia:
Red beans/born in the south, spring comes/a few branches are sent. I wish you/get together more and more, this thing/is the most lovesick.
△ Du Mu's Qingming: Qingming/season/rain, road/pedestrian/desire to break the soul.
Excuse me, where is the/restaurant/shepherd boy/Yaozhi/Xinghua Village?
Poetry can have no strict rhythm, but it must have a distinct rhythm. Guo Moruo said: "Poetry is not without rhythm."
(2) Rhythm: refers to the flat pattern and prosodic rules in poetry. Ci Hai refers to the rhyme and rhythm in poetry.
△ Pingping: There are four tones in ancient Chinese: Pingping, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone (now entering tone has disappeared in Putonghua). According to the four tones of modern Chinese (except suicide), it can be divided into flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone. There is also an entering tone in the singing of Beijing Opera: Street.
The characteristics of flat tone: flat tone: gentle and long; Silence: short and urgent.