During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there were expatriates from Jiaying Prefecture (now Meizhou) and dapu county (then Chaozhou Prefecture) in Nanyang, and they formed a fellow guild hall in Dunmu Township, calling their hometown Shangyi Li Qiao. Shangyi refers to dapu county (including Fengshun County of Chaozhou Prefecture) and Jiaying Prefecture (now Meizhou), both of which are the upper counties of Guyi 'an County. Ba 'ao means that these counties are mountainous, and the mountains are Ba 'ao; It is the abbreviation of hometown. As early as the early Qing Dynasty, there were squires from counties such as Cheng Xiang, Tai Po and Xingning in Chaozhou Fucheng, who jointly built Shangyi examination room to provide venues for candidates in the above counties. At that time, Fengshun, Tai Po and Jiaying (now Meizhou) counties were still under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou Prefecture, and they were located above Chaozhou Prefecture, so they were called Shangyi.

The Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty and the migration of a large number of people from the Central Plains and the south of the Yangtze River to Lingdong Hakka dialect area in the Southern Song Dynasty promoted and improved the formation of "Hakka" as a branch of the Han nationality. Zhang Taiyan, an archaeologist and linguist at the end of the Qing Dynasty, said in the preface of New Dialect Volume "Lingwai Sanzhou Dialect": "Guangdong, Hui and Jiaying (now Meizhou) have Tai Po and Fengshun in the east, and their folk characters live outside the ridge at the end of Jin Dynasty, with ancient language, which is different from the indigenous people. People in Guangzhou call it Hakka, and people who preach it say it is not Chinese. I try to ask people from other countries to teach old sounds in an elegant way. Old sounds often exist, that is, new dialects (note that people passing by refer to people in a narrow sense).

The term "Hakka", at least in Lingnan area, originally refers to Guangfu people, not Hakka people today. In the Qin and Han dynasties, the so-called "Meng, Meng and Meng" all refer to foreign guests, including Hakka, Hakka, diners, private guests, slaves and children. Tang household registration has clients and clients. In fact, these have little to do with the formation of Hakka clans, because they have nothing to do with the groups that share Hakka dialects, customs and cultural characteristics. That is to say, the ancestors of Guangfu people and chaozhou people also came from it. They flowed into Lingbiao as customers and tenants, not so-called "Hakkas". "Lianzhou Prefecture Records" records: "There are four common people, one is a guest, and the other is a businessman who lives in the city and understands Chinese pronunciation; Second, people in the east live in the countryside, know Min dialect and work in agriculture. A slang person, living in a distant village, does not understand Chinese; The boatman lives in a cave, can speak Chinese, and earns a living by collecting the sea. "

Obviously, the early "merchants" and "Hakka" in Lianzhou are the ethnic groups called Guangfu people today, not the "Hakkas" who live in rural areas and engage in agriculture today. It can also be seen that at least in Lingnan area, the people who were first called "guests" are Guangfu people today. It is understood that until now, in western Guangdong and Guangxi, there is still no habit of calling Hakkas "guests". Because in the eyes of people in western Guangdong and Guangxi, "guest" is the special name of Guangfu people. Without these "guests", I don't know who to buy daily necessities for. In western Guangdong and Guangxi, the word Hakka still refers to Guangfu dialect; The language called Hakka in the border areas of western Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian is called "New Dialect", "Xinmin Dialect", "Ai Dialect" and "Yuedong Dialect" in western Guangdong and Guangxi. Today's "Hakka" identity began with the famous Hakka scholar Luo Xianglin. Before that, "Hakkas" could not be sure to refer to Hakkas today. In Tingzhou area of Fujian Province, Hakka dialect used to be called "Tangyin". In the east of Guangdong Province, Hakka dialect used to be called "Cantonese" or "Fuguangyin". Source: Baidu.com.

In his Introduction to Hakka Studies, Zhu Zuxi also called the people in Xiaxian (now called Guangfu) the guests who came first, saying: "The Hakka people in Guangdong are not at odds with their indigenous people, but with their neighbors who came first. The guest who came first forgot his guest and called himself the host, so he had something to say.

The name of Shang Jun originated from the upper reaches of the Han River above Nanhai County in the Qin Dynasty. The Records of Nanyue recorded that the Eastern Jin Dynasty moved "immigrants" (immigrants from the Central Plains) to Shang Jun County (referring to Yi 'an County at that time).