We use it to pickle sour plums! ! !
purple perilla
Scientific name: Perilla frutescens, an ancient name, also known as Perilla, Su Xiang, Perilla, Perilla, Perilla, Perilla, Perilla and so on. It is the only species of Panicum in Labiatae, mainly produced in Southeast Asia and Taiwan Province Province.
It is a leafy branch of perilla frutescens. var。 Aguta Benser. Hands. -Maz. It belongs to Perilla of Labiatae. Use stems, leaves and seeds as medicine. Perilla frutescens is a comprehensive cross-commodity that can be used as medicine. It is commonly used in clinic and can also be eaten. The drug form is called purple stem in the stem, and perilla leaf in the leaf, Jiebiao, Perilla frutescens, Perilla frutescens and Perilla frutescens are important components of Perilla Jiang Qi Decoction. Dispelling cold and relieving exterior syndrome, regulating qi and relieving middle energizer. Indications: common cold, fever, aversion to cold, anhidrosis, chest tightness, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting caused by crab poisoning. When we did the experiment of Bacteroides ostreatus, we found that Bacteroides perillae had a good effect. It is cultivated all over the country, and it is wild in all provinces south of the Yangtze River, mostly on the edge of villages or roadside.
[Edit this paragraph] Plant characteristics
Perilla frutescens is 60 ~ 180 cm high and has a special flavor. Stems are quadrangular, purple, green-purple or green, villous, with dense nodes. Single leaf opposite; The leaves are ovoid or ovoid in width, 7 ~ 2 1 cm in length and 4.5 ~ 16 cm in width, the base is round or broadly wedge-shaped, the top is tapered or tail-shaped, and the edge of the perilla flower is coarsely serrated, with purple on both sides, blue on both sides, or green on both sides, with the upper side being pilose and the lower vein being pilose; The leaf car is 2.5 ~ 12 cm long and densely villous. Rotated cymes 2-flowered, forming neck and axillary pseudoracemes; Each flower has 1 bract, the bract is oval and the apex is acuminate; Calyx bell-shaped, 2-lipped, 5-lobed, villous in the lower part, swollen and elongated in fruit, and rare in the inner throat; Corolla purple to pink to white, 2-lipped, upper lip slightly concave, lower lip 3 dazzling? Pieces, the top 2; Ovary 4-lobed, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets are subglobose, brown or grayish white.
[Edit this paragraph] Growth characteristics
Perilla frutescens has strong adaptability, lax requirements on soil and good drainage, and grows well in sandy soil, loam, clay loam, in front of houses, behind ditches and fertile soil. Vegetables were the best crops of the previous season. Fruit trees can be planted under young forests. Perilla frutescens is the tender leaf of Perilla frutescens, also known as Perilla frutescens, which is cold or made into soup. The young leaves of perilla frutescens contain 85.7g of water, 3.8g of protein, 6.4g of fat1.3g of carbohydrate, 44mg of phosphorus, 2.3mg of iron, 9.09g of carotene, 0/.02mg of vitamin B/kloc-0, 20.35mg of vitamin B and 0/.3mg of nicotinic acid/kloc-0. "Compendium of Materia Medica" contains "promoting qi and relaxing the middle warmer, eliminating phlegm and benefiting the lung, activating blood and warming the middle warmer, relieving pain and asthma, and preventing miscarriage". Note: people with fever and weakness should not eat it. Perilla frutescens is the seed of Perilla frutescens in Labiatae. The oil yield of seeds is as high as 45%, in which linolenic acid accounts for 62.73%, linoleic acid accounts for 15.43% and oleic acid accounts for 12.0 1%. The content of protein in seeds is as high as 25%, and it also contains oryzanol, vitamin E, B 1, sterols and phospholipids. Perilla is pungent and warm, and has the effects of lowering qi and resolving phlegm, moistening lung and moistening intestine. Treat cough, phlegm and asthma, qi stagnation and constipation. People with chronic cough due to qi deficiency, yin deficiency and spleen deficiency should not eat.
[Edit this paragraph] Medicinal information
Basic information
Young leaves and branches of perilla frutescens. Perilla of Labiatae, also known as Perilla, Perilla rubra, Perilla crispa and Perilla frutescens. When the inflorescence will grow in early September, cut off the whole plant and hang it upside down in a ventilated and cool place for later use. Sexual taste is pungent and warm. Enter the lung meridian and spleen meridian. Indications: sweating to relieve exterior syndrome, regulating qi to relieve middle energizer, and relieving fish and crab poison. Used for colds, headaches, coughs, abdominal distension, fish and crab poisoning. Usage and dosage: perilla 5 ~ 10g.
abstract
Perilla frutescens, also known as Coriolus versicolor, Perilla frutescens and Perilla frutescens, belongs to the genus Panicum in Labiatae. With special fragrance, it originated in China and is now mainly distributed in India, Myanmar, China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Indonesia and Russia. There are wild species and cultivated species in North China, Central China, South China, Southwest China and Taiwan Province Province. Perilla frutescens has been planted and applied in China for more than 2000 years, mainly used in medicine, oil, spices, food and so on. Its leaves (perilla frutescens), stems (perilla frutescens) and fruits (perilla frutescens) can all be used as medicine, its tender leaves can be eaten raw and made into soup, and its stems and leaves can be soaked. In recent years, perilla frutescens has become a versatile plant with high economic value because of its unique active substances and nutrients. Russia, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Canada and other countries have commercialized a large number of perilla plants and developed dozens of perilla products such as edible oil, medicines, waterlogged products and cosmetics.
[Edit this paragraph] Features
1. Botanical characteristics
The genus Perilla includes one species and two varieties of Perilla frutescens, and the variety Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.var. Crispadean is also called Perilla cristata and Perilla frutescens. Another variety, perilla. var。 Sophora alopecuroides ), also known as wild perilla. Perilla frutescens is a kind of millet with special fragrance. Its stem has a vertical section with four edges, its plant height is 50-200 cm, it is multi-branched, densely villous, green or purple. The leaves are opposite, ovate or broadly ovate, with serrated edges and sharp tips. Both sides of the leaf are green or purple, or the leaf is green and the back is purple. Petiole 3 ~ 5 cm long, densely villous; A cyme has two flowers, white, pink to purple, forming a terminal and axillary pseudoraceme. Bracts ovate, entire. Calyx bell-shaped, upper lip 3-lobed, wide, lower lip 2-lobed. Corolla tubular, apex 2-lipped, upper lip 2-cleft and emarginate, lower lip 3-cleft. Stamens 4, ovary 4-lobed, style attached to the base of ovary. Nutlets are ovoid or spherical, grayish white, grayish brown to dark brown, and the 1000-grain weight is 0.8 ~1.8g. ..
2. Requirements for environmental conditions
Perilla likes warm and humid climate. Seeds can germinate when the ground temperature is higher than 5℃, and the suitable germination temperature is 18 ~ 23℃. The seedling stage can bear the low temperature of 1 ~ 2℃. Plants grow slowly at lower temperatures. It grows vigorously in summer. The suitable temperature for flowering is 22 ~ 28℃ and the relative humidity is 75% ~ 80%. Resistant to humidity, strong waterlogging and drought, especially in the organ formation period of the product, such as too dry air, too thick and hard stems and leaves, too much fiber and poor quality. It has wide adaptability to soil and can grow in the shade.
[Edit this paragraph] Cultivation techniques
(1) Cultivation methods and seasons The Yangtze River valley and North China can be planted in the open field from the end of March to the beginning of April, and seedlings can be transplanted. It can be harvested from June to September, planted in protected areas from September to February, and harvested from June to June. (2) Seed treatment and germination acceleration The seeds of Perilla frutescens belong to deep dormancy type, and can germinate gradually and completely after 4-5 months. If they want to grow out of season, low temperature and gibberellin treatment can effectively break dormancy. The newly harvested seeds were treated with gibberellin 100μ l/L, stored at 3℃ for 5- 10 days, and then placed in 15. (3) The best way to raise seedlings by sowing is to sow seedlings in a small arch shed in mid-March. The dosage of seeds per hectare is 3 kg. Prepare seedbed according to 8% ~ 10% of the planting area, and the sowing amount of seedbed is 10 ~ 14g/m2. Before sowing, water should be poured into the seedbed, the seeds should be evenly spread on the bed surface, covered with a thin layer of soil without seed particles, then some straw should be evenly spread, covered with plastic film, and a small arch shed should be added for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and germination and emergence will take 7 ~ 10 days. Pay attention to peeling off the plastic film in time and spacing the seedlings in time. Generally, seedlings should be planted three times apart, so as not to be crowded, and the spacing between seedlings is about 3 cm square. In order to prevent seedlings from growing into tall seedlings, attention should be paid to timely ventilation. In April, the film in the shed can be removed to make the plants strong and enhance the adaptability to the external environment after planting. (4) Before soil preparation and planting 10 ~ 15 days, deep ploughing and sun exposure were carried out, and compound fertilizer 1500 kg was applied per hectare, with 45,000 kg of human excrement planted in the field and 75,000 kg of garbage fertilizer as base fertilizer. Soil preparation shall be made into 1.2m hairy ridges, with clear ridge surface of 0.9m, and the ridge surface shall be flat. Spraying herbicide Dur before planting, the dosage is1500g/ha. After spraying, try not to damage the herbicide liquid film on the soil surface except the planting hole. Plant after 2 days, so that there will be no grass damage during the whole growth period. Planting is generally carried out in mid-April when the seedlings grow 2 ~ 3 pairs of leaves. Six rows are planted in each ridge, and the spacing between plants is 0.15 m. Perilla frutescens can be cultivated in protected fields according to different edible purposes, such as: ① Bud purple:: Seeding seeds in seedbeds or some simple seedling trays moistened with 300 mg/L gibberellin solution, and leveling the ground when Perilla frutescens grows to four true leaves. Cutting and harvesting perilla. ② Perilla frutescens: produced in greenhouse in northern winter, which can promote flower bud differentiation due to short sunshine. In the south, it can be covered with black film to shorten the sunshine to 6-7 hours. When the leaves grow to 6-7 pieces, perilla can be harvested. (5) In field management and production, topdressing urea for 7-8 times in time according to the growth situation. During the whole growth period, the soil should be kept moist, which is conducive to the rapid growth of plants. The first crop of leaves should be pulled out 20 ~ 25 days after planting, and all the old leaves below the fourth section should be pulled out. Picking and curing the leaves with the width of 12 cm above the fifth section. Generally, the effective node position can reach 20 ~ 23 nodes, and 40 ~ 46 leaves that meet the export standards can be picked. Perilla frutescens has strong branching ability. Branches should be removed in time. In management, special attention should be paid to timely branching. Due to the strong branching of Perilla frutescens, if the branched branches are not removed, it will not only consume nutrients, delay the growth of true leaves, but also reduce the total number of leaves and yield. Raking can be carried out simultaneously with leaf picking and harvesting. For Perilla frutescens without Taneda, before the inflorescence begins to grow in early September, three pairs of leaves can be forked and pitted, and these three pairs of leaves can also meet the standard of finished leaves. (6) Diseases and insect pests rarely occur. If rust occurs, it can be prevented with 50% thiophanate 1500 times solution, once a week, and sprayed twice continuously. Pests that harm Perilla frutescens, mainly locusts and larvae, make leaf perforation lose its commercial value. In the prevention and control, dichlorvos, metronidazole and other powerful pesticides with short residual period can be sprayed. It must be sprayed immediately after picking leaves. In order to reduce pesticide residues, we can postpone the next leaf picking time and pick two pairs of leaves at the same time. (7) Leaves with tender stems can be picked at any time. Perilla frutescens, as an export commodity, needs to be harvested according to the standard. The harvesting standard is: the widest part in the middle of the leaf reaches more than 12 cm, without defects, holes and disease spots. Generally in late May or early June, if Miao Zhuang, the 4th to 5th pairs of leaves can reach the picking standard. In the middle and late June and from late July to early August, leaves grow rapidly, which is the peak of harvest. You can pick a pair of leaves in 3-4 days on average, and harvest a pair of leaves in 6-7 days at other times. From late May to early September, generally 20 ~ 23 pairs of qualified commercial leaves can be harvested, and the yield per plant after pickling can reach about 120g. When the seeds mature in autumn, the leaves and stems used as medicine are cut off and then stored in the shade. (8) When collecting seeds for the purpose of harvesting seeds, the core should be removed properly, that is, some stem tips and leaves should be removed to reduce nutrient consumption of stems and leaves and increase permeability. Available nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once before bud formation, 10 kg, and calcium superphosphate once, 10 kg. Because perilla seeds are easy to fall off naturally and be eaten by birds, 40% ~ 50% of the seeds are cut off when they are mature, dried in the prepared fields for a few days, threshed and dried. If not harvested in time, seeds can easily fall off naturally or be eaten by birds.
[Edit this paragraph] Nutritional value
Perilla frutescens has high nutritional value, low sugar, high fiber, high carotene and high mineral elements. Every 100g of young leaves contains 0.68 ~ 1.26g of reducing sugar, 3.84g of protein, 3.49 ~ 6.96g of cellulose, 0.3g of fat/kloc-0, 7.94 ~ 9.09mg of carotene, 0.02mg of vitamin B65438 and 0.05 of vitamin B2. Potassium 522 mg, sodium 4.24 mg, calcium 2 17 mg, magnesium 70.4 mg, phosphorus 65.6 mg, copper 0.34 mg, iron 20.7 mg, zinc 1.2 1 mg, manganese 1.25 mg, strontium. The content of anti-aging SOD in perilla leaves per mg is as high as 106.2 μ g. Perilla seeds contain a lot of oil, and the oil yield is as high as 45%. The oil contains linolenic acid 62.73%, linoleic acid 15.43% and oleic acid 12.05438+0%. The content of protein in seeds is 25%, and it contains 18 amino acids, among which the contents of lysine and methionine are higher than that of high protein plant amaranth. In addition, there are oryzanol, vitamin E, vitamin B 1, borneol, phospholipids and so on. Chinese name: perilla leaf Source: dried leaves of perilla. ) Dianthus crispus of Labiatae. Source: color atlas of practical Chinese herbal medicine. The first volume introduces the topic. This product comes from Liliaceae plant Perilla frutescens (Linn. )Britl。 var。 Crispadecne。 The original plant is an annual erect herb, often as high as 1 m; Stems green or purple, square column, with 4 blunt edges, villous. The leaves are opposite, herbaceous, broadly ovoid or nearly round, 7 ~13cm long and 4.5 ~10cm wide, with short or sharp tips, a wide wedge-shaped to round base, with torn coarse serrations on the edges, purple on both sides or purple on the lower side, and fluff on the upper side and fluff on the lower side; The petiole is 3 ~ 5 cm long. Autumn flowers, purplish red, axillary arrangement, dense, lateral racemes; Bracts broadly ovate or suborbicular, ca. 4 mm long, with reddish-brown glandular spots, glabrous; Calyx bell-shaped, straight, about 3 mm long, with 10 veins, villous and glandular points, calyx eaves with two lips, upper lip 3-cleft, middle cleft smaller, lower lip 2-cleft, longer than upper lip; Corolla 3 ~ 4 mm long. The crown tube is short, the throat is nearly bell-shaped, the brim of the hat is nearly two-lipped, the upper lip is slightly missing, and the lower lip is 3-cleft, with a large middle fissure. Stamens 4. Almost as high as the corolla lobes. The calyx is obviously enlarged, long 1. 1 cm, flat or drooping, and the base side is enlarged. Nutlets are spherical, with a diameter of 65438 0.5 mm, brown and reticulate. All provinces and regions in the north and south of China are cultivated, and sometimes there are wild ones. Widely distributed in eastern and southeastern Asia.
[Edit this paragraph] Harvest and processing
Picking in stages before flowering in summer and autumn, removing impurities and drying in the sun. The leaves of medicinal materials are often wrinkled and curled and often broken. The whole leaves are oval, 4 ~13 cm long and 2.5 ~ 9 cm wide or more. The top is sharp, the base is wide wedge-shaped, and the edge has tear-like serrations. Petiole is 2 ~ 7 cm long. The tops of both sides are purplish red to purplish blue or purplish green, and most concave glandular spots can be seen below. Crispy. The smell is pungent, and the taste is slightly pungent. It is best to have large leaves, purple color, no perilla fish branches and rich aroma.
[Edit this paragraph] Edible efficacy
Note ① Perilla frutescens. ) Britt. There are two common types; One kind of leaves are green and flowers are white, commonly known as perilla; A kind of leaves and flowers are purple or purplish red, commonly known as perilla. As a medicine, flowers and leaves are mostly purple. ② Perilla frutescens is widely cultivated in China with a long history, and many varieties have been formed. In addition to the perilla recorded in this book, there are wild perilla varieties. Acura (Thunb. Kudo and perilla auriculata var. It is reported (Flora of China, Volume 66) that these varieties can also be used as medicines. Attachment: The stem of Perilla frutescens is the dried stem of Su Hui, and the commodity is square column with obtuse angle and rounded corners, with different lengths and a diameter of 5 ~ 15mm. The surface is purple-brown or purple, with straight grooves and lines on all sides, slightly enlarged nodes and opposite branches and leaves. Light and hard. It is best to have thick, purple-brown stems. Pungency and warmth enter the lung and spleen meridians. Regulating qi, relieving pain and preventing miscarriage. Attachment: Perilla frutescens is a dried and ripe fruit of Su Hui. The product is spherical or oval particles with a diameter of 1 ~ 3mm, with a grayish brown or grayish brown surface, protruding dark purple meshes and small round protrusions. The peel is thin, hard and brittle and easily crushed. The seeds are yellow and white, the seed skin is membranous, the cotyledons are oily, and the fragrance of perilla is rubbed by hand. The particles are large and full, and the color is black. Xin, warming the lung meridian. Reducing qi, resolving phlegm, relieving asthma and moistening intestines. A dish name in Hunan cuisine. This dish has the crispness of cucumber, the sweetness of perilla and the unique spicy taste of Hunan cuisine. As a famous dish, it really deserves its reputation. I hope you have a chance to go to Hunan restaurant to taste the unique charm of this dish!
[Edit this paragraph] Wild vegetable recipes
Perilla frutescens is the tender leaf of Perilla frutescens, also known as Perilla frutescens, which is cold or made into soup. The young leaves of perilla frutescens contain 85.7g of water, 3.8g of protein, 6.4g of fat1.3g of carbohydrate, 44mg of phosphorus, 2.3mg of iron, 9.09g of carotene, 0/.02mg of vitamin B/kloc-0, 20.35mg of vitamin B and 0/.3mg of nicotinic acid/kloc-0. "Compendium of Materia Medica" contains "promoting qi and relaxing the middle warmer, eliminating phlegm and benefiting the lung, activating blood and warming the middle warmer, relieving pain and asthma, and preventing miscarriage". Note: people with fever and weakness should not eat it. Perilla frutescens is the seed of Perilla frutescens in Labiatae. The oil yield of seeds is as high as 45%, in which linolenic acid accounts for 62.73%, linoleic acid accounts for 15.43% and oleic acid accounts for 12.0 1%. The content of protein in seeds is as high as 25%, and it also contains oryzanol, vitamin E, B 1, sterols and phospholipids. Perilla is pungent and warm, and has the effects of lowering qi and resolving phlegm, moistening lung and moistening intestine. Treat cough, phlegm and asthma, qi stagnation and constipation. People with chronic cough due to qi deficiency, yin deficiency and spleen deficiency should not eat.
Cold perilla leaf
I. Raw materials: 1. Ingredients: 300g of perilla leaves. 2. Seasoning: essential oil, monosodium glutamate, soy sauce and sesame oil. Second, the method: wash the perilla leaves, put them into the boiling water pot, take them out and wash them, and squeeze out the water. Cut into pieces and plate, add salt, monosodium glutamate, soy sauce and sesame oil, and mix well. Press: Perilla leaves contain many nutrients, especially carotene, vitamin C and B2. Rich carotene and vitamin C help to enhance human immune function and enhance human disease resistance and disease prevention ability. Perilla leaves have the effects of relieving exterior syndrome, dispelling cold and regulating qi. This dish is suitable for colds, aversion to cold, fever, cough, asthma and abdominal distension. Healthy people can keep fit, moisturize the skin, improve their eyesight and keep fit. People who are weak in qi deficiency should not eat it.
Perilla porridge
I. Raw materials: 1. Materials: japonica rice 100g, perilla leaf 15g. 2. Seasoning: brown sugar. Second, the method: cook porridge with japonica rice, cook porridge into perilla leaves, add brown sugar and stir well. According to reports, perilla leaves have the effects of dispersing lung, dispelling cold and promoting qi circulation, and cooperate with japonica rice to strengthen spleen and stomach to form porridge. Suitable for colds, coughs, chest tightness and other diseases. Perilla porridge is a good food for strengthening stomach and relieving summer heat.
Perilla beverage
1. Raw materials: 1. Ingredients: 3-5 slices of fresh perilla leaves. 2. Seasoning: white sugar. Second, the method: wash and drain the perilla leaves, put them in a cup and brew with boiling water, and add white sugar to make a cool drink. Press: This drink has the effect of invigorating the stomach and relieving summer heat. Drinking it by healthy people in hot weather can stimulate appetite, help digestion, prevent heatstroke and cool down, and prevent colds, chest tightness and other diseases.
Perilla porridge
I. Raw materials: 1. Material: perilla seed 25g, japonica rice 100g. 2. Seasoning: brown sugar. Methods: 1. Grind perilla seeds and extract the juice with water. Japonica rice is washed clean. 2. aluminum pot, add appropriate amount of water, add japonica rice to cook porridge, add perilla juice to boil for a while, add brown sugar and stir well. It is reported that Perilla frutescens is rich in nutrients such as fat and protein, and the fat is mostly composed of linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid, which is of great benefit to patients with cardiovascular diseases. Perilla frutescens has the effects of reducing qi, resolving phlegm, moistening lung and intestine. It is suitable for elderly patients with chest tightness, cough, asthma, excessive phlegm, loss of appetite and cardiovascular diseases caused by lung qi deficiency and vulnerability to cold pathogens.
Perilla jiaozi
I. Raw materials: 1. Ingredients: perilla seed 300g, glutinous rice flour 1000g. 2. Seasoning: white sugar and lard. Method: 1. Wash perilla seeds, drain water, stir-fry them in a pot, take them out of the pot, cool them, grind them, add lard and white sugar, mix well and make stuffing. 2. Mix glutinous rice flour with boiled water to make dough, and wrap it in stuffing to make raw jiaozi. Put it in a boiling pot and cook it. Press: This kind of dumpling is made of perilla seeds and glutinous rice, which has the functions of invigorating spleen and stomach, stimulating appetite, regulating qi and benefiting lung. It is suitable for cough, asthma, excessive phlegm, chest distress, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, constipation and other symptoms. People with weak spleen and stomach and diarrhea should not eat it.