No alias
Family, Genus and Pheasant Plant Morphology and Animal Morphology: Chicken is the most common kind of poultry. The mouth is short, the upper mouth is slightly curved, and the nostrils are scaly; The eyes have an instant membrane, and the head has a crown and a meat flap. The crown and the meat flap are hermaphroditic, with short wings and low flying. His feet are strong, his gait and toes are covered with scales, and he has four toes. His hind toes are short and higher than the place where his front toes were born. The rooster has a distance behind its gait. The tail is developed, and the only male has a feather. Males are bigger than females and have beautiful feathers. Feathers are light yellow as the basic color, and the other colors range from pure white to pure black. The shapes of crowns are also varied.
Medicinal parts: Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli (chicken gizzard lining), Phoenix coat (chicken eggshell lining after hatching), chicken blood, eggs, etc. All of them are used as medicine.
Usage: Chicken is golden, sweet and flat. Can strengthen the spleen to stop dysentery and help digestion; Treat abdominal distension, indigestion, belching, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and diarrhea. Phoenix clothes are sweet, warm and non-toxic. Can regulate qi and eliminate obstacles; Treat chronic cough, shortness of breath, blurred vision, aphonia, nausea and sore poison. Dosage: 1~3 yuan decocted or scattered. The Chinese name Danggui (Benjing) is another root class.
Go home with a different name (classic).
The source is the root of Angelica sinensis in Umbelliferae.
The plant morphology of Angelica sinensis, also known as Polygonum, Gracilaria and Gracilaria ("Erya"), has no words (Cui Bao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times).
Perennial herb, 0.4 ~ 1 m high. The stems are erect, purplish, with obvious longitudinal grooves, smooth and hairless. The leaves are divided into 2 ~ 3 odd pinnate compound leaves, with petiole 3 ~ 1 1 cm and basal leaf sheath enlarged; Leaf blade ovate; There are 3 pairs of leaflets, 1 pair near the petiole is 0.5 ~ 1.5 cm long, and a pair of petioles near the top are sessile, 1 ~ 2 rounds split, and the edge of the lobe is notched. Compound umbel, terminal, with 10 ~ 14 pedicels of different lengths, with 2 linear involucres at the base, or missing; Small involucral bracts 2 ~ 4, linear; The umbel has 12 ~ 36 flowers, the petiole is 0.3 ~ 1.5 cm long and densely villous; Calyx teeth 5, finely ovate; Petals 5, white, rectangular, narrow at the apex, slightly folded inward, glabrous; Stamens 5, filaments bent inward; The ovary is inferior, the style is short and the base of the style is conical. Double hanging fruit is oval, 4 ~ 6 mm long and 3 ~ 4 mm wide, which is easy to separate from syncarp when mature; The schizocarp has five fruit edges, with the back edge rising straight, and the lateral edges developing into wide and thin wings with lavender edges; The back of the section is flat, there is an oil pipe in each groove, and there are two oil pipes on the joint surface. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is July-August.
Distributed in Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Hubei and other places. It is cultivated everywhere.
It usually takes three years to harvest. Dig roots in late autumn, remove stems, leaves and soil, dry them in the shade for a few days in a ventilated place, tie them into sticks according to the size, and smoke them thoroughly with a small fire. This product is oily, easy to mildew and moth-eaten, and must be stored in a dry place. In the rainy season, it must be smoked with sulfur or baked properly.
The dried root of medicinal materials can be divided into three parts: the head of the root is called Guitou, the main root is called Guishen, and the branched root and the tip of the branched root are called Guiwei. The total length is about 10 ~ 25cm and the body length is about 3 ~ 10cm. The diameter of homing head is 2 ~ 4 cm, and the diameter of branch root is 0.3 ~ 1 cm. The appearance is grayish brown or brown, and there are longitudinal wrinkles all over the body, especially many branches and roots. The top of homing head is round and flat, with residual stems and leaves, and often has inconspicuous annular wrinkles. The homing head is slightly cylindrical with uneven body surface. There are 3 ~ 5 or more homing tails under it. The homing tail is thick and twisted, with small pimple-like fibrous roots on the surface. Elasticity, yellow-white section, cracks, light brown ring in the middle layer, and most of them have brown oil spots. The fragrance is rich, sweet and sour.
It is best to have a big taproot, a long body, few branched roots, a yellow-white cross section and a strong smell. The taproot is short, with many branches, light smell and reddish brown cross section.
Location: Gansu and Yunnan. In addition, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou and other places also produce.
The roots of the following plants are sometimes used as angelica in some areas, but the quality is poor.
① The root of Angelica sinensis, also known as Yanbian Angelica sinensis and Japanese Angelica sinensis. The root is fat and soft, with many branches and a ponytail shape. Crispy, less oil. Yanbian, Jilin.
② The root of pink-green Angelica sinensis, also known as wild Angelica sinensis and Yunnan wild Angelica sinensis. The root is conical, with a length of 5 ~ 10 cm, a head diameter of about 1 ~ 2 cm and a brown or dark brown appearance. Hard and not easy to break; This part is yellow and white. Produced in Yunnan.
(3) Angelica sinensis cultivated in China tried to replace Angelica sinensis in medicine.
The root of chemical constituents contains volatile oil, which is 0.4% in Min County, Gansu Province and 0.7% in Wenxian County, Sichuan Province. The main components of volatile oil are butylidene phthalide, o-carboxybenzophenone and δ 2,4-dihydrophthalic anhydride.
The components of volatile oil are complex, and there are more than 10 only in the low-boiling part, among which there are many kinds of hydrocarbons, including 3 terpenoids. In addition, it also contains a lot of sucrose (40%), vitamin B12 (0.25 ~ 40μ g/100g) and vitamin A (0.0675% in terms of vitamin A). The saponified part of the root contains palmitic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, unsaturated oleic acid and kojic acid. The unsaponifiable matter contains β-sitosterol.
The whole plant is fragrant, indicating that all parts contain volatile oil with high fruit content.
Danggui Danggui in Beihai contains about 0.2% volatile oil, in which phthalide includes Danggui phthalide, butene phthalide, snake bed phthalide and heterosnake bed phthalide. In addition, it also contains sesquiterpenes, p-cymene, sucrose, vitamin B 12, nicotinic acid, folic acid and β-sitosterol. The former also contains butylphthalide and sedanolide. The volatile oils from the roots and fruits of two kinds of angelica also contain butanol and acetic acid.
Processing of Angelica sinensis: remove impurities, wash, moisten, slightly dry until the internal and external humidity is suitable, slice and air dry. Wine Angelica sinensis: Slice Angelica sinensis, spray it evenly with yellow wine, slightly stuffy, stir-fry it in a pot with low fire, take it out and let it cool. (When the tablet is 100 kg, use yellow rice wine 100 kg).
About the baking of tripterygium wilfordii: when angelica is used, it should be dusted first, and the hard part on the head has come, so it should be soaked in wine for one night.
Sweet and moist in nature.
1 classic: sweet and warm.
② Upp materia medica: Shennong, Huangdi, Scout and Bian Que: sweet and nontoxic. Zibo and Tripterygium wilfordii: irritating and non-toxic. Li: Xiaowen.
③ Carapax Trionycis: pungent, warm and nontoxic.
④ Materia Medica: bitter, warm and nontoxic.
Meridian enters the heart, liver and spleen.
① Traditional Chinese medicine decoction: starting from the three meridians of Shaoyin, Foot Taiyin and Jueyin.
② "Leigongpao Pharmaceutical Solution": Entering the Heart, Liver and Lung Meridian.
Function: Mainly used for enriching blood, regulating menstruation, relieving pain, moistening dryness and intestines. Treating menoxenia, amenorrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal mass and metrorrhagia; Blood deficiency headache, dizziness, paralysis; Intestinal dryness is difficult, and red dysentery is heavy; Carbuncle, sore, theft, traumatic injury.
(1) Classic: mainly cough against qi, warm malaria, cold and heat washing on the skin, gynecological leakage, all kinds of malignant sores boiled and drunk.
② Carapax Trionycis: Warming the middle warmer to relieve pain, removing blood stasis, apoplexy, spasm, sweating, damp arthralgia, pathogenic factors in the middle warmer, deficiency cold and courtesy, nourishing the five internal organs and promoting granulation.
③ Theory of medicinal properties: stopping vomiting, fatigue, cold and heat, blood stasis, diarrhea and abdominal pain, stomach cold and asthenia. Boiling and drinking juice alone can cure warm malaria, and housewives suffer from bleeding, low back pain and toothache. The patient's deficiency and cold are added.
4 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": cure all winds, cure all blood, replenish all labor, break evil blood, nourish new blood and cure addiction.
⑤ "Pearl Capsule": Blood is broken in the head. Blood flows in the body and stops bleeding at the tail. ("Tang Ye Materia Medica" is quoted as "Head stops bleeding, body blood, sharp blood")
⑥ Gaoli: Angelica sinensis tip is the main symptom, which is bleeding, postpartum blood upwelling, removing sores and swelling, treating gold sores and blood, warming the middle warmer, moistening dryness and relieving pain.
Wang: He lies down easily, and his feet are hot and painful. Acute pulse is illness and shortness of breath; Pulse is disease, abdominal pain, and waist is like sitting water.
⑧ Materia Medica: Blood coagulation is falling, and heat dysentery includes epigastric pain and stagnation.
9 "Outline": Treat headache and heartburn, and nourish the stomach, bones and muscles and skin. Treat carbuncle, expel pus and relieve pain, and replenish blood.
Attending "Materia Medica Rejuvenation": Treating systemic edema, disharmony of blood vessels, yin deficiency and stillbirth.
Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan; Soak in wine, boil ointment or take medicine, and disperse.
Wet weight and loose stool should be avoided.
① Notes on Materia Medica: Evil Ru. Acorus calamus, seaweed, hemlock.
2 "medicine pair": hate wet noodles and fear ginger.
③ "Taicao Shu Jing": weak stomach, thin diarrhea, and all diseases of the spleen and stomach, such as eating badly, not thinking about diet and not eating, are forbidden, that is, they are not allowed to enter before delivery.
④ Materia Medica Yan Hui: If the wind and cold are unclear, aversion to cold and fever are seen, it is prohibited.
Prescription ① regulates Wei Rong and nourishes qi and blood. Treat deficiency of chong and ren, irregular menstruation, abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, blood clot, intermittent pain, cold pregnancy, reasoning, restless fetal movement, bleeding, postpartum weakness, cold internal beat, lochia, stagnation, less abdominal pain, and sometimes a cold and fever: Angelica sinensis. * * * The ending is rough. Take San Qian with one and a half cups of water each time, fry it until it's half cooked, take it with hot clothes after removing the residue, and take it before meals. ("Fang Ju" Siwutang)
(2) Water blockage in the treatment room: one or two pieces of Angelica sinensis (cut and baked), two pieces of dry paint (smoked) and two pieces of Chuanxiong. The three flavors are smashed into powder, and the honey pill is as big as a buttonwood. Take 20 capsules each time with warm wine. (Danggui Pill, Total Record of Shengji)
③ Treatment of retrograde from the nose and mouth after menstruation: First take it with Mo Jing ground juice, then take angelica tail and safflower San Qian, one kind of semi-water, decoct for eight minutes, and take it warm. ("purely unilateral")
④ Treatment of bloody collapse: Angelica sinensis, Longgu (fried red), Rhizoma Cyperi and San Qian (fried), and brown hair ash for five yuan. The top is the bottom, the rice drink is adjusted to three or four dollars, and the clothes are hollow. ("The Scholars" Angelica III)
⑤ Treatment of blood swelling and pulse stagnation: Angelica sinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Radix Paeoniae Alba (decocted with wine), Pollen Typhae (fried), Sanguis Draxonis and Rhizoma Corydalis. In order to disperse, San Qian decocted in wine, deslagging and heated. (Yi Ce Liu Shu Danggui Puyan Powder)
⑥ Treating women with five colors, abdominal pain, thin stomach and less food intake: Angelica sinensis (filing, stir-frying), Carapax Trionycis (removing thick skirt with vinegar), Sichuan rhubarb (filing, stir-frying), Atractylodes macrocephala, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, barley, Areca catechu and Fructus Aurantii (bran). The last medicine is ground into powder, refined with honey, and ground into powder with a 3200 pestle. Pills are as big as buttonwood trees. Take 30 pills with warm wine before eating.
⑦ Women who treat abdominal pain in pregnancy: three ounces of angelica, one catty of peony, four ounces of poria cocos, four ounces of Atractylodes macrocephala, half an ounce of Alisma orientale and half an ounce of male oyster ('half a catty' is' three ounces'). Break up on the pestle, take a square knife and wine three times a day. (Synopsis of the Golden Chamber Danggui Shaoyao Powder)
⑧ Treat dysuria during pregnancy with the same diet: Angelica sinensis, Fritillaria and Sophora flavescens. At the end of the three flavors, honey pills are as big as red beans. Take three tablets and add them to ten. ("Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" Danggui Kushen Pill)
⑨ Treatment of fetal movement, lumbago and abdominal pain in pregnancy: Angelica sinensis (file) and scallion (finely cut). To serve two flavors, first use three methods of water, fry until two cups, add a glass of good wine, fry several times, and divide into three parts. ("The Total Record of Holy Sites" Antai Seal)
Indications: Postpartum septicemia, stuck to a piece (common pillow), painful: Angelica sinensis (filed, slightly fried), ghost arrow feather, red and blue flowers. The medicine was mashed and sieved into powder. Every time you take San Qian, you should take a glass of wine and fry it until it is half cooked. Take it away from me, no matter when. ("Sheng Huifang" should be returned)
⑾ Treatment of furuncle, furuncle swelling, or flutter, or postpartum unconsciousness, spitting: Angelica sinensis, Schizonepeta, etc. The top is fine powder. Every time you bring San Qian, bring a glass of water and a little wine. Stir-fried until it is medium-cooked, and then swallowed, it will have a physiological feeling. ("Women's Secret Recipe" is mixed)
⑿ Treatment of postpartum abdominal carbuncle pain, abdominal cold and hernia deficiency: three liang of angelica, five liang of ginger and one catty of mutton. Take three flavors, eight liters of water, three liters of boiling water, warm clothes seven times, three times a day. ("Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" Danggui Ginger Mutton Soup)
[13] Treatment of constipation: Angelica sinensis, Angelica dahurica, etc. Divide the powder, two yuan per dose, rice soup. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu")
[14] For muscle heat and dryness, drowsiness and thirst, red eyes and red face, and dull pulse day and night, it's no harm to press it again: one or two tablets of Radix Astragali and two tablets of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (washed with wine). Take one medicine, two glasses of water, and fry until one cup, except me. Take it warm before meals. (Danggui Buxue Decoction in Syndrome Differentiation of Internal Trauma)
⒂ Treating white tiger wind can relieve pain without limitation: Angelica sinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Lumbricus (stir-fried), Bombyx Batryticatus (stir-fried), Radix Clematidis, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Rhizoma Ligustici and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae. Apply the medicine, mash the fine Luo into powder, take it every time, regardless of time, and adjust the money with hot wine. ("Sheng Huifang" should be returned)
⒃ Treatment of severe intestinal pain after acute diarrhea: three parts of Angelica sinensis (filed, slightly fried), one to two parts of Coptidis Rhizoma (slightly fried), and two to two parts of Os Draconis. Three flavors are fine and scattered. Take two yuan each time, and you can drink porridge the next day, regardless of time. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu" Danggui San)
⒄ Treatment of night sweats: Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Berberis Berberis, Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma are equally divided, and Radix Astragali is doubled. It's covered with coarse powder, five yuan each, two glasses of water and one cup of fried food. Eat before meals, and children eat half. ("Shi Lan's Secret Collection" Danggui Huang Liu Soup)
⒅ Treat all kinds of sores and swelling, and the ones that are not broken are very swollen: Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Fructus Trichosanthis, Radix Aucklandiae, Rhizoma Coptidis, etc. are divided into coarse powders and decocted once or twice. (Danggui San in "Su Wen Pathogenesis and Life-saving Collection")
Treating carbuncle attached to bone and all malignant sores: angelica 12, licorice 1 2, gardenia12, momordica cochinchinensis11 (peeled). It is fine powder, so you can drink it with ice wine every time you take San Qian. ("Lingfang" Danggui San)
⒇ Treating boils caused by boiling soup, those with severe pain are: one or two pieces of white wax, four or two pieces of sesame oil, and one and a half pieces of angelica sinensis (raw file). First, fry Angelica sinensis until it is brown, filter it out, add wax for the second time, stir it quickly for the second time after it disappears, put it in a magnetic box and collect it, and then coat it with silk. ("Sheng Huifang" magic frost)
clinical application
① Treating muscle and joint pain and neuralgia.
Acupoint injection of angelica liquid is used to treat lumbar muscle strain, muscle rheumatism, sprain of limbs and joints, arthritis and various neuralgia (sciatica, hypochondriac neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, etc.). ), the effect is good. According to 1000 cases of diseases of muscles, joints, nerves and blood vessels caused by various reasons, the effective rate reached 89. 1%, of which 38 1 case was cured and 5 10/case was improved. According to the observation of 50 patients with occipital neuralgia, after 1 ~ 15 times of treatment, 33 cases were cured, and the rest were improved in different degrees. In most cases, the pain is basically relieved or obviously relieved within 1 ~ 3 minutes after the first injection, and the analgesic effect can last for 2 ~ 8 hours, and it is still effective when injected again. Practice has proved that acupoint injection of Angelica sinensis not only has obvious analgesic effect, but also has the functions of relaxing muscles, reducing soft tissue inflammation and improving peripheral nerve and blood vessel function. Usage: use 5 ~ 10% angelica liquid to select acupoints, pain points or sensitive points along meridians, or inject them into tendon sheath. Select 1 ~ 4 acupoints at a time, and inject 1 ~ 5 ml into each acupoint. The needle will feel sore when it goes into the muscle layer. When there is no blood in the back, it will be pushed into the liquid medicine. Generally, there is no side effect, but local swelling and severe pain appear several hours after tendon sheath injection, which affects functional activities. Without special treatment, it can disappear within 1 ~ 3 days and show the therapeutic effect. It is not suitable for patients with low back pain or joint pain of limbs caused by tuberculosis and tumor, local trauma, purulent lesions and dermatosis, acute injury with local blood stasis and severe swelling. Pregnant women should use it with caution.
② Treating chronic tracheitis
Inject 5% Angelica injection into points such as Zhongshan, Shu Fei, Dingchuan and Kongzui. Inject 0.5 ~ 1 ml at each point. After the needle is inserted (about 1.5 cm deep), shake the needle tube, gently lift it to make it feel sore under the needle, and then slowly inject the liquid medicine. After treating 93 patients over 50 years old, 5 cases were cured, 26 cases were markedly effective, 52 cases were improved, and 10 cases were ineffective. The total effective rate was 89.3%.
③ Treating chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.
Acupoint injection of angelica tissue fluid. Five cases were treated. After 1 ~ 2 courses of treatment, the symptoms and signs of patients were obviously improved or disappeared, abdominal pain was relieved, and menstruation was normal. All patients became pregnant again within 6 months after treatment. Acupoint selection and usage: Acupoint selection is divided into two groups. The first group is Wei Cell (double), Sanyinjiao (left) and Zusanli (right); The second group is Guanyuantouzhong, Sanyinjiao (right) and Zusanli (left). The two groups were injected alternately at acupoints, once a day or every other day 1 time, or twice a week 1 group. Inject 2 ~ 6 ml of liquid medicine into each point, 6 ~ 10 times as a course of treatment. Twist the needle to make it angry before injection, and then inject the liquid medicine. Stop treatment during menstruation. After injection, the local acid swelling sensation radiates downward. There were 3 cases of conscious heartbeat and chills after drug injection, which disappeared automatically after 5 minutes without treatment.
④ Treating menstrual diseases.
Soak 20g of Angelica sinensis and10g of Carthamus tinctorius in 50ml of 50% alcohol, filter after 48h, mix evenly, and add alcohol to100ml. Take 3 ml after meals three times a day, and stop using during menstruation. Used to treat 54 cases of irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea and uterine dysplasia. The dosage is 60-600 ml. Except 7 cases without progress, the rest were effective. 1 1 Seven patients with dysmenorrhea were pregnant. Among 6 cases of uterine hypoplasia/kloc-0, 8 cases were pregnant (mostly treated with sex hormones); Of the 26 patients with abnormal menstruation, 6 were pregnant.
⑤ Treat hypertension.
Add 2ml 20% 20% compound angelica injection (angelica, safflower, Ligusticum chuanxiong, etc.). ) 2ml of 10% glucose solution, or 3ml of 75% compound angelica injection 10% glucose solution, injected alternately on both sides of Quchi and Zusanli, 2ml per point, 10 times as a course of treatment. It usually takes four courses of treatment. The first course of treatment is/kloc-0 once a day, the second course is/kloc-0 once a day, the third course is twice a week, and the fourth course is/kloc-0 once a day. Use No.5 needle when injecting, and then slowly inject the liquid medicine when the patient feels swelling and pain. Preliminary observation of 7 cases showed that blood pressure decreased in different degrees after taking the medicine, including systolic blood pressure decreased 16 ~ 56 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 2 ~ 30 mm Hg. Symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, dizziness and insomnia have also improved or disappeared, and some cases have also shown the effect of slowing down the heart rate.
⑥ Treat herpes zoster.
Grind Radix Angelicae Sinensis into powder, and take 0.5 or 1g each time and 1g for 4-6 hours. 54 cases of herpes zoster in children were treated, and 22 cases were relieved after taking the medicine 1 day. The pain of 32 patients was relieved within 2 days. Herpes zoster generally withered locally on the third day after taking the medicine, and no new rash appeared, and scabbed on the fourth day. Another oral administration of 0.5g tablet of Angelica sinensis extract, 2-4 tablets each time, 4 hours 1 time, has also achieved similar results in treating 23 adult patients.
⑦ Treat rhinitis.
Inject 5% Angelica injection into (double) acupoints and acupoints, each with 0.3 ~ 0.5 ml. Every day 1 time, 5 days 1 course of treatment. Generally, it can be effective in one course of treatment, generally two courses of treatment. After the injection of the liquid medicine, there was mild pain and numbness in the local area, and there were no other adverse reactions. 20 cases of chronic simple, hypertrophic, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis/kloc-0 were treated, of which 73 cases were cured (60.8%), 45 cases were effective (37.5%) and 2 cases were ineffective (1.7%). Practice has proved that acupoint injection of Angelica sinensis liquid has the functions of anti-inflammation, detumescence, analgesia, anti-allergy, hemostasis and regulation of nasal autonomic nerve function, and has special effects on eliminating rhinogenic headache. The shorter the course of disease, the better the curative effect. Chinese name Codonopsis pilosula (Congxin Herbal Medicine) root class
There are different names: Shang Dangshen (Ben Feng Jingyuan), Huang Shen (Baicaojing), Shizishoushen (discrimination of Weng Youliang) and Zhonglingcao (Qinghai medicinal material).
The source is the root of Codonopsis pilosula of Campanulaceae.
Plant morphology Codonopsis pilosula, also known as: Liaoshen, Sanye and Yecao.
Perennial herbs. The root is long and cylindrical, with a diameter of 1 ~ 1.7 cm. There are swollen roots at the top, many tumor-like stem marks, milky yellow to grayish brown skin, and vertical and horizontal wrinkles. Stems are twining, long and forked, with sparse white rough bristles on the lower part and smooth or nearly smooth on the upper part. Leaves opposite, alternate or pseudoverticillate: stipitate, petiole 0.5-4 cm long, sparse: leaves ovoid or broadly ovoid, length 1-7 cm, width 0.8-5.5 cm, blunt or pointed tip, truncated or shallow heart-shaped base, whole or microwave-shaped, green at the top, coarse hairs at the bottom, densely pubescent. Flowers solitary, with fine pedicels; Calyx green, with 5 lobes, lobes oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse, smooth or slightly hairy; Corolla bell-shaped, 2 ~ 2.5 cm in diameter, yellow-green, with lavender spots, 5-lobed at the top, triangular to broadly triangular lobes, erect; Stamens 5, enlarged below the middle of filament; The ovary is superior, 3-loculed, with many ovules, short style, 3 stigmas, extremely wide and funnel-shaped. Capsule conical, 3-loculed, with persistent calyx. The seeds are small and shiny brown. The flowering period is from August to September. Fruit-bearing period: September ~ 65438+ 10.
Born in mountain bushes and forest margins, it is distributed in northeast China and Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and other places.
Excavate in autumn, remove the overground part, wash the soil, dry it until it is half dry, rub it with hands or boards to make the epidermis and xylem close, full and soft, then dry it again, repeat it for 3 ~ 4 times, and finally dry it.
Due to different producing areas, there are three kinds of medicinal materials: Western Party, Eastern Party and Shandong Party.
① Western Party
The root is cylindrical, with a thin tip, 8 ~ 20cm long and about 5 ~13mm in diameter. There are many tuberous stem marks on the root crown, commonly known as lion head, and each stem mark is concave and punctate. The surface is grayish yellow or light brownish yellow, with obvious longitudinal grooves, and there are tight annular wrinkles near the root, which gradually sparse accounts for about half of the total. The lenticels are horizontal, obvious and slightly prominent, about 0.3 ~ 0.8 cm long. Black-brown gelatinous substances are common in branches and roots, which are formed by the overflow and drying of internal milk. Slightly hard and brittle, easily broken. The cut surface is white and cracked, and the wood is light yellow. Special gas, slightly sweet taste. Root fat, thick skin, tight skin, many horizontal stripes and sweet taste are better.
Location: Shaanxi and Gansu.
② Oriental Party
Roots are cylindrical and usually bifurcated. Length 12 ~ 25 cm, diameter about 5 ~ 22 mm. The root head is large and obvious, the root skin is yellow, gray and yellow, rough and has obvious longitudinal wrinkles. The lenticels are short and prominent, showing punctate protrusions. The texture is loose and easy to break. The skin is yellow and the wood is yellow and white. The skin of this section accounts for 1/3, and the skin has transverse cracks, and wood rays also form cracks. It is best to have fat hair roots, yellow skin, tight skin and many wrinkles.
Location: Northeast China and other places.
③ Ludang
The root is oblate, single, about 8 ~ 22 cm long, 7 ~ 10 mm in diameter, and some are longer. There is no obvious lion head on the root. The root surface is grayish brown, and there are deep and irregular longitudinal grooves and sparse transverse stripes near the root head. Light weight, easy to break and irregular cross section. Breathe slightly, no fragrance, sweet taste. It is best to have a single branch, white, fat and thick.
Mainly produced in Shanxi, mostly cultivated. The wild ones in Wutai Mountain and other places in Shanxi are called Taiwan Party.
The roots of the same plant Codonopsis pilosula are also used, and the commodity is called Sichuan Party. The roots are cylindrical, with slightly thinner ends and less bifurcation. They are about15 ~ 35cm long and 5 ~ 25mm in diameter. The head of the root is like the head of a lion. The surface is grayish yellow, with obvious longitudinal wrinkles and furrows, and sparse horizontal stripes on the whole body or only at the top. There is a dark brown gelatinous substance condensed by spilled milk at the branch root. The wood is solid and easy to break, with few cracks in the section, yellow wood and light brown rings around it. The skin is yellowish. The smell is sweet.
Produced in Sichuan and Hubei provinces.
In addition, among the same plants, Codonopsis pilosula (also known as Sweet Party and Syrian Party, produced in Sichuan and Guizhou) still has medicinal value. Codonopsis pilosula (produced in Sichuan); Qinling codonopsis pilosula (also known as codonopsis pilosula, produced in Shaanxi and Gansu); Xinjiang Codonopsis pilosula (produced in Xinjiang); Chai Dang (produced in Sichuan and Gansu), etc.
The chemical constituents of Codonopsis pilosula root contain saponins, trace alkaloids, sucrose, glucose, inulin, starch, mucus and resin. Codonopsis pilosula root contains volatile oil, baicalein glycoside, trace alkaloid, polysaccharide, inulin and saponin.
Pharmacological action ① Effect on blood cells
Oral or subcutaneous injection of alcohol extract and water extract of Codonopsis pilosula root can slightly increase red blood cells and hemoglobin in normal rabbits. The effect of spleen removal is obviously weakened, and it is speculated that its blood-enriching effect may be related to spleen. At this time, white blood cells tend to decrease. According to the cloud, North Codonopsis pilosula has no such effect. Codonopsis pilosula extract (1: 40) has no hemolysis in the test tube, but it can change color, become turbid and precipitate after interacting with red blood cells.
② Effect on blood sugar
Subcutaneous injection of codonopsis pilosula extract into rabbit abdomen can increase blood sugar; However, if the fermented extract is injected or taken orally, it will produce incomparable effect, so it is considered that the increase of blood sugar is caused by a large amount of sugar in the root; Can not inhibit the nervous hyperglycemia caused by diuretic injection. The preliminary experiment shows that the administration of Radix Codonopsis by gavage can increase blood sugar.
③ hypotensive effect
Intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of ethanol and water extract can reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized dogs, which is considered to be peripheral according to preliminary analysis. And has some anti-adrenaline effects; Its water extract or alcohol or water extract can also lower the blood pressure of anesthetized animals and inhibit the isolated toad heart. For dogs with chronic hypertension, 4 g (crude drug)/kg water extract was given daily, and no antihypertensive effect was found.
Long-term (40 days) feeding rabbits with the same plant root extract or total glycoside can increase the application of red blood cells (17.5%) and increase the weight (23%); It can prevent and treat leukocytosis caused by turpentine; No pathological changes were found in viscera after long-term oral administration. Oral administration of total glycosides to mice, a small amount can enhance breathing, and a large amount can reduce the anesthetic effect of chloral hydrate: it seems to have some antagonistic effect on strychnine.
Codonopsis pilosula processing: clean the sediment, fully wet it to remove reed, slice or cut it into sections, and dry it in the sun. Stir-fried Codonopsis pilosula: put bran into a heated pot, add ginseng slices when the pot smokes, stir-fry until dark yellow, remove bran and let cool. (Codonopsis pilosula 100 kg, bran 20 kg)
Sex is sweet and plain.
(1) Primitive: Gan and Ping.
2 "Materia Medica": sweet, flat and non-toxic.
Returning to the meridian "Depei Materia Medica": It begins with the Taiyin meridian returning to qi.
Its function is mainly used to tonify middle energizer, replenish qi and promote fluid production. Treat spleen and stomach weakness, deficiency of both qi and blood, mental fatigue, lack of food and thirst, chronic diarrhea and proctoptosis.
1 Ben Feng Jingyuan: Qing Fei.
2 "Materia Medica from the New": Tonifying the middle and replenishing qi, harmonizing the spleen and stomach, and quenching thirst.
③ Addendum to the Outline: Treating lung deficiency and benefiting lung qi.
④ Scientific folk herbs: enriching blood. It is suitable for chronic anemia, chlorosis, leukemia, adenosis and rickets.
⑤ Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine: Treating internal injuries due to overwork, stomach cold, chronic diarrhea, asthma and polydipsia, fever and spontaneous sweating, bleeding of women and fetal diseases.
Oral administration and dosage: decoction, 3 ~ 5 yuan, large dose 1 ~ 2 Liang; Boil it, or make it into pills or powder.
Those who should avoid reality and be empty.
"Deserved Materia Medica": It should not be used by people with qi stagnation and irritability.
Party selection
① Clearing lung, benefiting qi, and strengthening tendons: one catty of Codonopsis pilosula (soft and sweet, sliced), half a catty of sand (sliced), and four ounces of longan meat. Decoct that thick juice in water, drop into beads, and storing with a magnetic device. Each cup can be taken with hollow boiled water and poured into the decoction. (Depei Herbal Dangshen Ointment)
② Treatment of diarrhea and procreation caused by proctoptosis due to qi deficiency: Codonopsis pilosula (fried with reed and rice) is two yuan, fried scallion, Atractylodes macrocephala (pure fried), nutmeg cream and Poria are one yuan and fifty cents each, yam (fried) is two yuan, Cimicifuga foetida (fried with honey) is six points, and roasted licorice is seven points. Add two slices of ginger and stir-fry, or add five-medium-cooked aconite. (I don't know the necessity of medical treatment, Shenjiao Baizhu Decoction)
(3) Treatment of cold coagulation leads to spleen and stomach damage and sores on the mouth and tongue; Codonopsis pilosula (baked) and Astragalus membranaceus (fried) are two yuan each, Poria is one yuan, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (raw) is five points, and Paeonia lactiflora is seven points. Boil in water, warm. (Purple Treasure in Laryngology, Jishen Qianwei Powder)
④ Treatment of aphtha in children: one or two codonopsis pilosula and five phellodendron amurense. * * * is fine powder, which is blown to the affected area. (Compilation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions in Qinghai Province)
⑤ Inhibition or killing effect on Leprosy Bacillus: The root bark of Codonopsis pilosula, Paris polyphylla (Paris polyphylla) and Aralia elata (Aralia elata) are all equal. Grinding Radix Codonopsis and Rhizoma Paridis into fine powder; Then the root bark of Nitraria tangutorum is decocted in water for three times, and the decoctions are concentrated into a certain amount of liquid medicine (fine powder of Radix Codonopsis and Rhizoma Paridis can be soaked), and a proper amount of honey is added. Then the fine powder of Rhizoma Paridis and Radix Codonopsis is poured into it, mashed evenly, and made into pills, each pill weighs San Qian; It can also be made into ointment. Take one pill three times a day with boiled water. (Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine "New Medical Law Collection")
The exposition of famous scholars
① "Ben Feng Jingyuan": Although Shang Dangshen is unwilling to be warm, it has the function of soothing and clearing lung-heat, unlike Radix Adenophorae's cold-blooded venting lung-qi.
② "Adapting to Materia Medica": Ten flavors of Radix Astragali were obtained by removing Radix Codonopsis, with Shi Lian to stop dysentery, Angelica sinensis to promote blood circulation, and jujube as supplement. Mixing and steaming lung-tonifying honey; Cortex Mori or Cortex Cinnamomi Japonici can also be added to tonify spleen for fear of qi stagnation.
3 Materia Medica Justice: Codonopsis pilosula can tonify the spleen and stomach, moisten the lungs and promote fluid production, and strengthen qi activity, which is not far from ginseng. Spleen is not dry, stomach yin is not wet, lungs are not cold, blood is not greasy, and yang is not stiff and dry, which is especially valuable. Compared with Liaoshen, Liaoshen is strong, but it lacks femininity. Korean ginseng smells majestic, while people who are a little too resolute are particularly balanced, so it is appropriate for them to feed the five internal organs, which is not suitable anywhere. The special forces are weak and won't last long. Anyone who suffers from yuan deficiency after illness and stops vibrating for one day after taking two pills will believe in the scale of peace and justice, and some people can't bear it for a long time. However, it subsidizes Zhongzhou and nourishes the quartet. Therefore, the ginseng used in ancient and modern prescriptions can be taken with Codonopsis pilosula, which means that anyone who applies ginseng with various syndromes can also take it with Codonopsis pilosula.