Zhang Zhongjing, Ji Ziren, was a famous physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Born in the first year of Emperor Huan Heping (A.D. 150), he died in the 24th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 2 19) and was born in Nieyang, Nanyang County (now Nanyang County, Henan Province).
When he was a teenager, Zhang Zhongjing was eager to learn and read widely. He is very interested in medicine. He was influenced and inspired by the ancient famous doctor Bian Que from the history books. I used to learn from Zhang Bozu, a famous doctor in my hometown. He was extremely indignant at the literati who were pursuing power and fame and were not proficient in medical treatment at that time, and thought that those who resorted to witchcraft superstition were "abandoning their ambitions, worshiping witchcraft, dying in poverty and dying".
/kloc-from 0/96 to 2004, the epidemic situation of endemic diseases in Nanyang caused three households and two deaths, and the one who died of typhoid fever ranked seventh among ten households. Faced with this situation, Zhang Zhongjing resolutely resigned as a doctor and made a serious study on the cause and treatment of typhoid fever. He inherited the regular knowledge of syndrome differentiation treatment from the medical works left by his predecessors, collected folk prescriptions and treatment methods, and combined with his own medical experience to sum up and improve them. While treating diseases, he wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases. This book was collated by later generations and compiled into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber.
Treatise on Febrile Diseases is a monograph on various exogenous diseases. The book * * * 12 volume, 22 articles, 397 square meters. Except for repetition, * * * has 1 12 prescriptions. The book focuses on a series of pathological changes caused by the human body feeling the evil of wind-cold and the methods of syndrome differentiation and treatment. He divided the symptoms into six types: sun, Yangming, shaoyang, Taiyin, Jueyin and Shaoyin, which were called "Six Classics". In Treatise on Febrile Diseases, different symptoms of diseases of six meridians run through the basic contents of yin and yang, which are called eight categories.
Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is a special book for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. * * * A total of 25 articles, including the diagnosis and treatment of more than 40 diseases. In addition to Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, Zhang Zhongjing also wrote many works, such as Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Treatise on Five Zangs and Arthritis. Unfortunately, they have all been lost.
Zhang Zhongjing has been called a "medical sage" since the reign of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His principle of "six meridians" syndrome differentiation, TCM diagnosis of yin and yang, exterior and interior, deficiency and excess, cold and heat and treatment based on syndrome differentiation laid the foundation of Chinese medicine.
Zhongjing
In the Ming Dynasty, Chen Jiamo quoted the poems of famous doctor Tu Zan, praising Zhang Zhongjing and his Treatise on Febrile Diseases.
Zhang Zhongjing, a famous machine, is said to have been a magistrate in Changsha, so he is called Zhang Changsha. Nie Yang, a native of Nanyang County (now Nanyang County, Henan Province), was born in the first year of Heping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. one hundred and fifty) and died in the 24th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 2 19), with a life span of about 70 years.
He was eager to learn and think since he was a child. "Broaden the group of books and concentrate on Taoism." When he was ten years old, he had read many books, especially books about medicine. He Qing, a fellow countryman, admired his cleverness and specialty. He once said to him, "You will be a good doctor if you use your heart and don't rhyme well" (Biography of He Qing). Later, Zhang Zhongjing really became a good doctor and was called "the sage of medicine and the father of prescription." Of course, this is related to his "using the essence of thinking", but it is mainly the result of his love for the medical profession and his good at "assiduous pursuit of ancient methods and learning from others".
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was in turmoil, fighting for years, "the people abandoned agriculture", and most of the urban granges became wilderness, and the people were displaced and hungry. Plague broke out continuously in various places, especially in Luoyang and Nanyang, and the epidemic situation in Huiji (Shaoxing) was serious. "Every family has the pain of zombies, and every room has a wail;" Zhang Zhongjing's family is no exception. Zhang Zhongjing witnessed this sad scene. "The loss before feeling is hopeless" (Preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases). Therefore, he worked hard to study medicine and determined to be a doctor who can relieve people's suffering. "In order to cure the diseases of your relatives, to save the poor, to protect your health, and to support your life" (Preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases). At that time, there was a man in his family named Zhang Bozu, a famous doctor. Zhang Zhongjing went to worship him as a teacher in order to study medicine. Seeing that he was smart and eager to learn, Zhang Bozu taught him his medical knowledge and skills without reservation, but Zhang Zhongjing actually passed it on. He Qing once praised in the book Xiangyang Fu Zhi: "Zhongjing's skill is better than Bozu's".
Zhang Zhongjing advocated "diligent pursuit of ancient religion" and earnestly studied and summarized the theoretical experience of predecessors.
He carefully studied ancient medical books, such as Su Wen, Lingshu, Difficult Classics, Yin and Yang Theory, pregnancy and drug records. Among them, Su Wen had the greatest influence on him. "Su Wen" said: "Those with husband fever are all typhoid fever and so on." He also said, "When a person is injured by cold, he is ill with heat." Zhang Zhongjing developed this theory according to his own practice. He believes that typhoid fever is the general name of all fever, that is, all diseases caused by exogenous diseases can be called "typhoid fever". He also carefully studied the treatment principle of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" left by predecessors, and thus put forward a new viewpoint of "six meridians of typhoid fever"
In addition to "seeking the ancient teachings", he also "learned from many prescriptions" and widely collected effective prescriptions and even folk prescriptions for ancient and modern treatments. He studied acupuncture, moxibustion, warm ironing, rubbing medicine, sitting medicine, bathing, moistening and guiding, soaking feet, washing ears, blowing ears, sublingual administration, artificial respiration and other specific therapies that people like to use, and accumulated a lot of information.
Zhang Zhongjing went to Luoyang, the prosperous capital, to practice medicine in order to broaden his horizons, "learn from others" and exchange experiences with his peers. RoyceWong (word), one of the "Seven Scholars" in the literary history at that time (Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Liu Zhen), was the most accomplished writer and poet among the "Seven Scholars". He has a close relationship with Zhang Zhongjing. Through contact, Zhang Zhongjing, with his many years of medical experience, gradually discovered that this writer, who was only in his twenties, had a terrible source of boils. One day, he said to Wang Shen, "You are already ill and should be treated as soon as possible. Otherwise, at the age of forty, your eyebrows will fall out. Eyebrows will die after half a year. Now eating Wushi soup can save them. " However, RoyceWong was very unhappy. He thinks he is elegant and noble, and there is nothing wrong with his figure. He won't listen to him, let alone take medicine. A few days later, Zhang Zhongjing saw RoyceWong again and asked him, "Did you take medicine?" RoyceWong lied to him and said, "I have already eaten." Zhang Zhongjing carefully observed his look, shook his head and said to RoyceWong seriously and affectionately, "You didn't take medicine, and you look the same as before. Why do you take your life so lightly? " RoyceWong never believed what Zhang Zhongjing said. Twenty years later, his eyebrows slowly fell off and he died six months later.
Zhang Zhongjing loves medical specialty, attaches great importance to clinical practice, always "feels pulse and differentiates symptoms", and earnestly summarizes his clinical experience. According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing is about fifty years old and works as a satrap in Changsha. At that time, he never forgot his clinical practice and the sufferings of the people. But he is a big official after all. In feudal times, officials were not allowed to enter houses or approach ordinary people casually. What should I do? He came up with a way to choose the first and fifteenth day of each month, open the yamen wide, and let the sick people in without asking about political affairs. He sat upright in the hall, carefully receiving people one by one. After a long time, it becomes a routine. On the first and fifteenth day of the first grade, many patients from all directions gathered in front of his yamen, waiting to see a doctor. In memory of Zhang Zhongjing, people later called the doctor who was sitting in the drugstore treating patients "Zuo Tang", and that doctor was called "Dr. Zuo Tang".
Although Zhang Zhongjing was an official at that time, he was not keen on official positions. Soon, he "saw the failure of the Japanese government" and sighed and said to people, "Your disease can be cured, but the national disease is very difficult to treat." So he hung up the crown and fled to Shaoshi Mountain (Cong Gui Ou Ji, a series of Chinese medicine books) to sum up experience and write medical works.
After decades of struggle, Zhang Zhongjing collected a lot of information, including his personal clinical experience, and wrote sixteen volumes of Treatise on Febrile Diseases (also known as Treatise on Febrile Diseases). This book was written around 2005 and became "popular in the world". Wang Shuhe, a famous doctor in Jin Dynasty, arranged it. In the Song Dynasty, it was gradually divided into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is a miscellaneous disease part of the book.
Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the earliest monograph on clinical diagnosis and treatment in China. This paper systematically analyzes the etiology, symptoms, development stages and treatment methods of typhoid fever, creatively establishes the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment of typhoid fever according to the classification of six meridians, and lays the theoretical foundation of principle, method, prescription and medicine. There are more than 300 prescriptions selected in the book, and the compatibility of these prescriptions is relatively refined and the indications are clear. Such as Mahuang Decoction, Guizhi Decoction, Chaihu Decoction, Baihu Decoction, Qinglong Decoction, Maxingshi Dry Decoction, etc. After thousands of years of clinical practice, these famous prescriptions have been proved to have high curative effect, which has provided a foundation for the development of TCM prescription science. Later, many prescriptions were developed from this. The famous doctor Hua Tuo read this book and praised it: "This is a real living book." . Yu praised Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases, saying that "it is the ancestor of many parties." . "Like the brilliance of the sun and the moon, once it reaches Fudan, it will be immortal" (China Medical Records Examination). There are many works of annotation and explanation on this book in past dynasties. In particular, there are as many as 300 or 400 books that annotate and expound Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Its influence goes far beyond national boundaries and has a great influence on Asian countries, such as Japan, North Korea, Vietnam and Mongolia. Japan, in particular, once had an ancient school specializing in Zhang Zhongjing. Until today, the Japanese traditional Chinese medicine community still likes to use Zhang Zhongjing's prescription. Among the proprietary Chinese medicines (leaching agents) produced by some famous Japanese pharmaceutical factories, such as Kotaro, Uchida, Shengjitang, etc., typhoid prescriptions generally account for more than 60% (some of which are obviously the evolution of typhoid prescriptions). It can be seen that Treatise on Febrile Diseases has a far-reaching influence in the field of Japanese traditional Chinese medicine and even in the world.