Overview:

Copenhagen interpretation is based on the "probability expression of wave function" put forward by German mathematician and physicist Max Born, and then developed into the famous uncertainty principle, that is, the deterministic interpretation of vibrating particles-quantum strings. It has become the standard explanation of quantum theory to associate electron wave with discovery probability and advocate "wave packet collapse"

It was put forward by Bohr and Heisenberg during their cooperative research in Copenhagen in 1927. This explanation is based on German mathematician and physicist Max Born.

Probability expression of wave function ",and then developed into the famous uncertainty principle. Since then, in quantum theory,

Probabilistic characteristics are no longer conjectures, but exist as laws. Quantum theory and this explanation play a very important role in the development and research of the whole natural science and philosophy. The meaning of "contingency" in quantum physics is different from that in classical physics, and all the measured values involved in quantum physics cannot be accurately predicted. For example, Newton's mechanics of classical physics, for a straight car, through its initial speed and acceleration, as well as its initial position, you can get the position and speed of the car after a certain period of time. This is impossible in quantum physics. In the micro-world, we can find objects in a certain time. On the contrary, we can use probability (

Opportunity) to predict its location.

Controversy:

This seemingly far-fetched theory has indeed been criticized for some time.

When this theory was first put forward, Einstein once said, "God doesn't make decisions by rolling dice." Those who opposed Einstein said, "Why should God decide whether to roll the dice?"

Experiment:

Any experiment in physics, whether about daily life phenomena or about atomic events, is described in terms of classical physics. The concept of classical physics constitutes our language for describing experimental devices and stating experimental results. We can't and shouldn't replace these concepts with other things. However, the application of these concepts is limited by uncertain relations. When using these concepts, we must bear in mind that the application scope of classical concepts is limited, but we cannot and should not try to improve these concepts. The isomorphism of Bonn's probabilistic interpretation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and Bohr's complementary principle constitutes the core of the "Copenhagen interpretation" of quantum theory, which still profoundly affects our ultimate understanding of the whole universe.

The first two destroy the (strict) causality of the classical world, and the complementary principle and the uncertainty principle jointly destroy the (absolute) objectivity of the world.

The new quantum picture shows an unprecedented world, which is so strange and unimaginable that it is incompatible with people's daily life and even goes against our rationality itself. However, it can explain all incredible phenomena in the quantum world. This mainstream explanation is called the "Copenhagen" explanation of quantum theory, which was made by a group of scientists headed by Bohr. Most of them work in Copenhagen, and many of them are the founders of quantum theory itself.

Explain in detail:

The basic content of the Copenhagen interpretation revolves around three core principles.

First of all, the uncertainty principle limits our understanding of microscopic things, and this limitation is everything with physical significance.

Secondly, due to the inevitable interference of the observer to the observed object, the subject-object world must now be understood as an inseparable whole. There is no "existence" in the objective world. In fact, there is no pure objective world. Everything is meaningful only if it is combined with specific observation methods. The shape of an object depends largely on our observation methods. For the same object, these expressions may be mutually exclusive, but they must be used at the same time when describing this object, that is, the principle of complementarity.

Finally, because our observation brings all kinds of unpredictable disturbances to things in principle, the essence of the quantum world is "randomness". The strict causality in the traditional concept does not exist in the quantum world and must be replaced by a statistical explanation. The wave function ψ is a statistic whose square represents the probability that a particle will appear somewhere. When we say that "electrons appear at point X", we don't know what the "cause" of this event is. This is a completely random process with no causal relationship.

Some people may feel bad: there is uncertainty and no causality. Isn't the world a mess? Since physicists don't know anything, how dare they stay in college to get paid or cheat the world on TV programs? However, things are not as bad as we thought. Although we can only predict the probability of a single electronic behavior, we know that probability theory is very useful when the sample number becomes very, very large. We can't know where an electron appears on the screen, but we can be sure that when trillions of electrons pass through the double slit, interference patterns will be formed. It's like an insurance company can't predict when customers will die, but it knows the overall mortality rate of a city, so the insurance company must make money!