With the reform of the household registration system entering the deep water area, whether the mega-cities such as Beijing and Shanghai can really open up and settle down has become the "touchstone" to test the quality of the reform.
On July 12, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Implementation Plan of the 14th Five-Year Plan for New Urbanization (hereinafter referred to as the Plan). The plan proposes to further deepen the reform of the household registration system, liberalize and relax the restrictions on settlement except for a few megacities, and try out the permanent residence registration system. Among them, for megacities with a permanent population of more than 5 million in urban areas, it is necessary to improve the settlement policy of points, streamline the points items, ensure that the years of social insurance payment and residence account for the main proportion, and encourage the cancellation of the annual settlement quota.
Compared with the key task of new urbanization construction every year in recent years, "encouraging the cancellation of annual quota restrictions" is a relatively new formulation, which directly refers to the current situation that the quota for the settlement of points in megacities such as Beijing is scarce. But at the same time, megacities are also facing the requirements of "slimming and keeping fit" and reasonably controlling population density. How to balance these two points, on the basis of controlling the scale of urban population, to meet the needs of permanent residents to the greatest extent, tests the ability and wisdom of urban managers.
Ni Pengfei, director of the Center for Urban and Competitiveness Research of China Academy of Social Sciences, told the reporter of China Times that the key to further opening up the population of megacities is to build with the idea of metropolitan area and implement multi-center and network development. However, it should be noted that "multi-center" should be a group of sub-centers, and the core is to transfer public services to each sub-center, rather than just building a "satellite city" in the core area. If the sub-center cannot provide a large number of platform public service functions, the dependence on the central city will not stop.
Exploration of Tianjin and Guangdong
In fact, it is not the first time that the phrase "encouraging the abolition of annual quota restrictions" appears in the "Program". In March, 20021,Hu Zucai, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at the press conference of the State Council Office that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the household registration system and promote the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population in an orderly manner. For megacities with a permanent population of more than 5 million in urban areas, it is necessary to improve the policy of settlement of points, streamline points projects, ensure that social insurance payment years and residence years account for the main proportion, and encourage qualified cities to cancel annual quota restrictions.
In recent years, some big cities have really explored this aspect. For example, in Tianjin, starting from 2020, there is no total limit on the settlement of residence permit points, and only the lowest points are settled in the fractional line. At the end of 20021,the newly revised Measures for the Administration of Residence Permit in Tianjin, Index and Score Table of Residence Permit in Tianjin and Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Residence Permit Management in Tianjin were deleted.
Guangdong also announced its intention to explore and expand the number of points settled. At the end of 20021,the Guangdong provincial government issued the New Urbanization Plan of Guangdong Province (202 1-2035), proposing to adjust and improve the points settlement policies in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and establish and improve the annual growth mechanism of points settlement. Encourage the cancellation of annual quota restrictions and encourage the central city and suburban new areas to adopt differentiated settlement policies.
At the end of 2020, Guangzhou announced that it intends to implement the policy of "differentiated household registration", that is, graduates of colleges, secondary schools or technical schools under the age of 28 can settle in the administrative districts of seven non-central cities in Guangzhou as long as they have 1 year social security. Recently, it was announced that a differentiated household registration policy will be established in Huadu District, Conghua District and Zengcheng District, but the detailed rules have not yet been issued.
In Ni Pengfei's view, the implementation of differentiated settlement policy is an effective way to solve the contradiction between "expansion" and "slimming" in megacities. On the one hand, it can solve the demand of continuing to introduce and liberalize the population, on the other hand, it can also be linked to resolving non-core functions. "Building a number of sub-centers outside the central city to form a networked urban spatial structure, and then distributing some small towns around it, then population growth and absorption are not a problem, and it is also conducive to making full use of the spillover effect of metropolitan central cities." He said.
Will Beijing and Shanghai follow up?
At present, Beijing and Shanghai, the two most difficult cities to settle down, are undoubtedly the focus of this reform.
On July 1 1 day, Beijing announced the number of people who settled in 2022 and the score line. According to reports, more than 1.2 million people have applied for settlement points this year, and 6,006 people intend to obtain settlement qualifications, corresponding to the lowest score of 1.05. 42 points. Since Beijing began to implement the settlement of points in 20 17, the settlement scale has not changed for five consecutive years, all of which are about 6,000 people, but the score line has been rising, with only 90.75 points in 20 18, and the percentage exceeded for the first time in 202 1 year, reaching 100.88 points. This year, the lowest score directly increased by more than 4 points, reaching 105.42.
"It's too curly." "Beipiao" Xiao Feng sighed: "I wanted to try at first, but I gave up as soon as I saw the score line. In a few years, when I am 40 years old, (age) will start to reduce points. " She told the reporter of China Times.
Shanghai's residence permit points system, although 120 is not too high, still needs to meet the requirements of social security, individual tax and other years before queuing for "household registration transfer". Regular application requires 7 years of social security, and some positions can be shortened. For example, if an entrepreneurial talent invests in an enterprise founded in Shanghai, according to the individual direct investment or individual investment share, the average annual tax payment in the last three consecutive tax years is 6.5438+0 million yuan or more, or the average annual employment in this city is 6.5438+0 million for three consecutive years, which is not limited by the professional and technical positions or professional qualification grades stipulated in the application conditions of "changing from residence to household".
An industry expert, who asked not to be named, told the China Times reporter that the purpose of the NDRC's policy is not necessarily to specifically refer to Beijing and Shanghai. Beijing recently announced that this year's points have been settled, and the scale is still 6000. However, the score line is increasing year by year, and the quality requirements for talents are getting higher and higher. Generally speaking, it is still necessary to relieve the population in the central city and give priority to high-tech talents. After the epidemic, Shanghai has taken many measures to attract talents, including the returned students from the top 50 universities in the world. Graduates from various research institutes and universities in Shanghai can settle down directly, and in fact, the relaxation is basically in place.