Figure skating originated from figure skating and is an official event of the Asian Games. Athletes wear roller skates with four wheels side by side on the soles of their feet, slide on the wooden floor by their own strength, perform pre-arranged programs according to technical movements, and the judges will evaluate, score and rank them. Figure skating competitions are divided into different levels (from beginners to the Olympic Games) and different scales (from regional competitions, national competitions to international competitions) according to the level of players and the scope of participation. Figure skating was established in 1892 by the International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body of world skating, which is responsible for making rules and judging international competitions. Because the ice skates in inland areas are not as convenient as those in cold areas, roller skating has been used instead of ice skates to continue to develop this sport and become an independent event at the international level. Figure skating and figure skating are like twin sisters, except that one uses roller skates and the other uses roller skates; One is doing graceful movements on the wooden floor, and the other is sliding on the ice. But there are many differences between the two projects that look particularly similar. Double skating includes short programs and long programs. Dance includes figure skating, such as routine dance, choreography and free dance. In fact, it was originally designed for figure skaters to train without ice. Its sports equipment is double-row roller skates, and later it developed into an independent sport. The competition will be held in a venue not less than 50 meters long and 25 meters wide. According to the difficulty of the movement and the beauty of the dance, the winner is decided.
act in concert
Back outer point, 2 inner hooks, 3 inner rings, 4 inner points, 5 hooks and 6 outer rings.
A-level rotation a-level rotation
1. Lying on the camel's side (on any edge) (flying swallow) The camel turns around.
2. camel-jump-change-camel (swallow) camel turns and jumps (swallow) camel turns.
3. Sit-jump-change-sit squat turn jump squat turn
4.Cmael-sit-Camel (combination) (swallow) Camel transfer squat transfer (swallow) Camel turns around
5. Jumping camel, leaping (swallow), camel turning 6. Jump, sit, jump, squat and turn
7. Inverted camel (any edge) leans backward (swallow).
8. Heel camel rotates (forward or backward) heel (rear wheel) (flying swallow) camel turns 9. Rotation of ankle fracture (forward or backward) rotation of ankle fracture
B-level rotation B-level rotation
1.OB camel back outer edge (swallow) camel turns around.
2. The back inner edge (flying swallow) of the 2.IBCAMEL camel turns.
3. If the sitting position rotates, squat on the front inside.
4.OB's posterolateral squat.
5. Camel-change-camel (swallow) camel transfer to swallow camel transfer
6. Jump rotation-To enter any B-level rotation, you must land on the blade.
7. Combination Sitting Rotation-Any edge combination can squat and rotate any blade.
C-level rotation c-level rotation
1.IB The back inner edge of the seat rotates the squat body 2. The anterolateral edge of 2. Sit, rotate, squat and turn around.
3. Toe stops sitting on the rotating brake and squats and turns.
4. Cross-foot rotation cross-rotation
5. The camel (Swallow) flips forward and backward.
6. Vertical combination rotation
7. Jump or change the rotation jump or change the foot rotation D-level rotation D-level rotation
1. If the vertical front inner edge rotates vertically.
2. The rear inner edge of 2.Ibupright rotates vertically.
3.3' s anterolateral edge. Vertical rotation.
4. The rear outer edge of the 4.OB column rotates vertically.
5. The toes stop the vertical rotation of the vertical brake.
E-level rotation e-level rotation
1. Heel and toe heel and toe foot rotation.
2. Toes and feet rotate
3. Heel and foot rotation
4. False cross-legged false cross-legged rotation
5. False cross toe and foot rotation (freestyle), the most representative is obstacle skiing, that is, flat flower. Both flat and fancy brakes are sub-items of freestyle roller skating.
Flat fancy includes fancy winding pile and fast passing pile. Laffargue Sebastien, the world roller skating emperor, referred to as SEBA, can be said to be the originator of slalom. Based on the inspiration of obstacle skiing and the unique elements of roller skating, it has gradually developed into the present obstacle skiing.
Leisure roller skating is commonly known as street brush. It is a form of roller skating that people wear roller skates to walk outdoors and feel the relaxation, pleasure and freedom brought by roller skating. Mainly for leisure and fitness, relax yourself and relax.
FSK is a special roller skating form, which is a mixture of various roller skating forms. Set leisure, street painting, fancy brakes, fancy jumping, rotation and other elements in one. There are roughly two ways to play: wild street and venue. Wild street is to integrate downhill, fancy jumping and other roller skating forms into the process of brushing the street, making wild street attractive. Field FSK is mainly about fancy braking and fancy rotation of a certain field, and of course it also integrates other roller skating forms. A more exciting form of roller skating similar to speed skating. Generally, it is chosen to be carried out on steep roads or mountain roads. After wearing a full set of protective gear, the downhill person relies on the inclination of the road to give strength, and the human body falls freely and feels lightning-like stimulation.
Downhill roller skating, divided into four-person roller skating group and inline roller skating group, as well as derivative projects such as obstacle downhill and downhill roller skating, is a very representative sport in extreme sports. The skates used are characteristic skates. Both teams have their own tournaments, but they can also compete with downhill skateboards, downhill tricycles and downhill dh cars. Roller skating ball is known as the highest realm of roller skating. It is worth noting that roller skating uses real balls, while roller skating uses combination balls.
Roller skating is a sport that does not directly touch the ball. Players wear double-row wheels or single-row wheels to play games. There are four players and a goalkeeper on each side of the game. This sport originated in England 1896. Although roller hockey originated in Britain, it is more popular in some Latin-speaking countries such as Spain, Portugal and Argentina. These countries have professional clubs, such as Barcelona, Porto and La Coruna, and there are more than 5,000 professional players engaged in this sport. Roller skating has been recognized by the International Olympic Committee and established a worldwide competition.
1992, the roller skating ball of quad roller skating group entered the Barcelona Olympic Games, which is also the only Olympic roller skating event! It has become a new trend to combine four-wheel roller skating with Popping Hop Breaking Freestyle and other dances, and street culture has developed in the United States.
With the rise of disco in 1970s, roller skating became popular in America, so it was once called roller skating disco.
With the gradual retreat of disco craze in 1980s, jamskating began to add elements such as break dancing, and then with the rise of American street culture, jamskating gradually joined hip-hop, breaking, popping, locking, jazz, house, krump, reggae, c-walk, Latin dance, modern dance, ballet and other dances.
At the same time, due to the birth of other colorful new sports, jamskating also joined China Wushu, Indian Yoga, Rhythmic Gymnastics, Brazilian War Dance, Melbourne Trail Dance, Parkour, Roller Skating (figure skating, flat skating, wheel dancing) and so on. ) and gradually evolved into today's jamskating in 2 1 century.
JB skating
After developing into a mature roller skating, the original style has also been preserved. JB skating, controlled by wheels and still using disco music, is still the favorite style of most jamskating players. The sports equipment it uses is disco shoes evolved from the original special shoes for figure skating.
The basic movements of round dancing fancy
Due to too many talent projects integrated by jamskating and the continuous innovation of players from all over the world, fancy movements emerge one after another.
It can be mainly divided into three categories:
1. Basic footwork: including kicking, crazy leg, iceberg, etc.
2. Basic modeling: including freeze frame, dragonfly, eagle, etc.
3. Basic skills: including rotation, jumping and handstand.
Player file
Players who play jamskating are collectively called jamskater.
Hip-hop music is mainly used to play jamskating. Because jam roller skating is an inclusive new sport, regardless of age, gender, old and young, as long as you have hobbies, you can enjoy it. Jam skating has become a popular sport in America. You can see jam skating in parks, squares and skating rinks. In addition, a worldwide jam skating competition is held every year, with a high prize money.
Competition mode
Roller skating competitions are mainly divided into exhibition competitions and competition competitions.
Exhibition competitions are divided into: single competition, double competition, three-person competition and team competition (sometimes subdivided into men's competition, women's competition and children's competition).
Interpret a piece of music with your own fancy movements.
The battles are divided into: 1 vs 1, 2 vs 2, 3 vs 3, and team vs team.
Divide into two sides, each showing fancy moves, and the referee extends his left hand or right hand to decide which side wins. The number of referees is odd. Jamskating is popular all over the world because the international popularity of the young inspirational team Breaksk8 and the increasing number of fans have directly promoted the emergence of various player styles in jamskating.
In China, more and more men, women and children began to turn old-fashioned roller skating into new jamskating-style roller skating competitions, because the daily programs let many new skaters know about breaksk8 and start to enter the jamskating circle. In the fifties and sixties, roller skating races rushed out of the United States and swept Europe, Australia and other western countries. This sport is famous for its wild and aggressive movements, and its athletes are becoming more and more antagonistic. In the early 1980s, due to the slowdown of economic development, sports showed a downward trend, and roller skating competitions also experienced ups and downs. Evolution of roller skating: Since 2000, roller skating has entered a prosperous period, and almost every state has an all-women roller skating league with a strong grassroots color: almost all roller skating clubs are spontaneously formed by enthusiasts, and the players are both athletes, bosses and employees. It not only retains the direct and rude physical confrontation in the roller skating competition in the last century, but also adds punk fashion elements preferred by modern women to the uniform.
Rules of the game: The venue is a circular skating rink, and each team will send five players, including three interceptors, 1 cooperating players, 1 scoring striker. At the first whistle, the interceptor and the coordinator quickly slipped out; The second whistle sounded again, and the striker at the back of the line struggled to slide. As long as he surpasses the other team, he can become a leading striker. The more players pass the ball to the other side, the higher the score. There is a jam every two minutes, and the forward score is calculated after each jam. It is the most common skating rink in China. It looks like patterned shoes, but the difference is that the reducer is not as adjustable as the ice distributor, and the wheel frame is usually yellow nylon.
Double-row roller skates are mainly composed of uppers, axles, bearings and wheels. The picture below is an exploded view of this kind of roller skates. Among them, the axle frame is the core component, and all components are connected into a whole through the axle frame.
Double-row shoes have shock absorption between the bottom plate and tripod, which is used for oblique steering. The base plate and tripod are called wheel carriers, and there is an ice cooler/brake in front of the wheel carrier. Although the wheel is wide, increasing the hardness can improve the speed and increasing the width can improve the grip. At the same time, there are shock absorbers and comfortable shoes to neutralize the vibration caused by hard wheels. Double-row shoes are a kind of precision machinery.
The main events of roller skating are figure skating, speed skating, roller skating and free skating. Some people also use double-row roller skates to cruise outdoors or team up for box games. The following mainly discusses the application of speed skating equipment in speed skating events. The uppers of speed skating double-row skates are short tops, which is convenient for athletes to squat and better complete the ice pushing action. Because the wheel diameter is small and the angle of attack is small, low-heeled shoes can also meet the requirements. Commonly used materials for wearing shoes are plastics and cushions, artificial leather and leather. High-grade shoes are made of cowhide soles, cowhide or artificial leather materials, which are light and comfortable. Bont, a well-known manufacturer, introduced double-row shoes with carbon fiber and glass fiber as the outer surface of cowhide.
bearing
Each wheel is equipped with two bearings, the model number is 608 or 688, which is consistent with the single-row roller skates and the technical standard maintenance method is the same. The axle frame of double-row shoes is completely different from that of single-row shoes. The basic structure is that there are many mounting holes in a large bottom plate, some of which are used to connect the axle frame and brake shoes. Generally, there is a mounting hole at the head of the bottom plate for mounting the brakes. The four most important mounting holes on the axle frame are used to mount the shock absorber, which is made of soft rubber or soft resin. Because the inner and outer wheels of double-row roller skates are on the ground most of the time when they slide in corners, they must rely on the deformation of shock absorbers to provide centripetal force. There is a wheel shaft above the shock absorber. The bottom plate of the axle frame is very wide, and there are many mounting holes connected with the upper, which is also the reason why the upper does not need too much force. The brakes of speed skating shoes are usually very small.
Damping pads are usually soft, so as to provide a large amount of inclination, thus generating sufficient centripetal force. The distance between the two shafts is usually large to provide stable support. The substrate is usually made of aluminum. After 1990, more and more products use ABS plastic and special nylon as base materials. These substrates are polarized. Some low-grade substrates have poor accuracy and strength, but they are cheap. High-quality plastic substrates have sufficient strength and are slightly lighter than aluminum substrates.
wheel
The standard width of the roller blade is 25mm, and the edge of the blade is extremely sharp. When sliding, the contact surface with the ground is very small, so the side resistance is small and the front resistance is also small. The principle of double row is that the larger the wheel diameter, the faster the speed, the wider the width, the stronger the grip, the greater the hardness and the smaller the resistance. Tripod is used to reduce the vibration during tilting and steering. The principle of single row is that the larger the wheel diameter, the faster the speed, the smaller the width and the smaller the resistance, and the hardness of the wheel determines the damping effect. Because the competition is usually played on a very flat ground, the hardness of the double-row wheels is very high, generally between 93a and 97a, which is much higher than the common density of the single-row wheels 80A-90A. The greater the hardness, the smaller the elasticity and the smaller the resistance. 97A wheels are usually used. If the ground is very slippery, 93A soft wheels should be used to improve the grip effect.
The standard width of the outer edge of indoor double-row wheels is 40 mm, which is also the widest in indoor double-row shoes. The wider the width, the stronger the ability to grasp the ground, so that good results can be obtained when kicking ice and doing curve movements. The wider the wheel, the greater the frontal resistance, but because of the high hardness of the wheel and smooth ground, the frontal resistance is acceptable. Such a wide section is the balance between kicking effect and frontal resistance, and the width of 40 mm is the accumulated experience value for many years. There is a great difference between double-row speed wheels and single-row speed wheels. The main parameters are diameter, hardness, width, weight and material. It's bigger in a pair of shoes. The larger the wheel diameter, the faster the speed, but also the heavier. The common wheel diameter is 62 mm, and occasionally 66 mm wheels can be seen. This kind of roller skates with a diameter of 90 to 1 10 mm can't be compared.
Hub and part
Because the speed pulley has a large diameter and width, it is very large, so it is important to reduce the weight. Therefore, manufacturers have made great efforts in the hub and joint. Wheels are mostly made of high-quality plastic, and high-grade wheels are made of aluminum alloy. The hub is usually large and hollow, with a small width at the center where the bearing is installed, and then the width gradually increases with the increase of the diameter, and finally intersects with the rim. Material 2
After the 20th century, wheels were made of polymer resin, and some types of wheels had a narrow groove in the middle to increase the grip.
The width of the outer edge of outdoor double-row wheels can reach 48 mm, which is the widest of all double-row shoes, mainly to improve the grip and adapt to the rugged ground. The common wheel has a diameter of 70mm and a hardness of 80A-90A. Because the outdoor field is usually not very flat, it is necessary to increase the wheel diameter to ensure the speed and tolerate the obstruction of small particles. Low hardness means strong shock absorption and strong grip.
The following points should be paid attention to when configuring speed skating shoes: First, it is necessary to make clear whether they are used indoors or outdoors. The main difference is that the diameter of the outdoor wheel is large, the hardness is 80A to 90A, and the hardness of the indoor wheel is 93A to 97A, and the diameter can be slightly smaller. If you want to participate in both indoor and outdoor speed skating, you usually choose outdoor wheels. The grades of shoes, wheel carriers, wheels and bearings should match. The wheel carrier is very important. If funds are limited, you must choose qualified products, and it is best to choose high-grade wheel frames. The common competition forms of double-row speed skating are preliminary competition, time trial and relay competition. Its standard competition venue is the same as the single-row speed skating competition venue, that is, the closed venue, and the circumference of the ramp is 200 meters. Many competitions are often played in indoor venues such as gymnasiums without ramps.
The technical action of double-row speed skating is very different from that of single-row skating, which is closer to the traditional water-ice skating method. The startup mode is quite special. Many players step on the brakes on the running leg side to form a stable fulcrum with the two front wheels. When they set out, they used this fulcrum to pop up the first step. Then in the first few steps, the two legs step on the ground with the brakes and two front wheels in turn, and then the upper body is gradually lowered, and the ground is pedaled with one side of the wheel until it is in a straight line. Some runners even start in a squat position in order to make full use of the brakes. Sole shoes
That is, the shoe-shaped parts on roller skates are the main parts that determine the performance of roller skates. Shoes are generally divided into two parts: shell and inner container, but there is no difference between speed skating shoes and individual professional flat shoes. Among roller skates, only speed skates lack something that other kinds of roller skates have, that is, cuffs. Its function is to protect the ankle and give full play to its strength. The liner is a thick sponge in the shoe, which can be taken out and cleaned separately (please consult the sales staff in detail before cleaning, and don't disassemble and wash it without permission). Its function is to reduce the friction between the foot and the shell. Most importantly, the thick lining cotton can make the roller skates wrap their feet well, so that the performance of roller skates can be perfectly displayed, which is more convenient for users to learn roller skating skills.
knife rest
Knife rest is a metal frame connecting wheels and shoes (children's shoes are also made of plastic). The material and structure of the tool rest is the second key point to determine the performance of roller skates. In addition to some adult professional speed skating shoes with five wheels, there are some simple children's toy shoes with only three wheels, and other roller skating shoes are all four wheels.
wheel
Nowadays, the wheels of roller skates are generally PU wheels (only a few inferior roller skates are plastic wheels), and the wheels made of this material can adapt to various venues and conditions. The wheel consists of outer rubber and inner hard hub. The hardness of wheel rubber varies from 80a to 85a (A is the hardness mark). The greater the number, the greater the hardness and the more wear-resistant the wheel is.
bearing
Bearings are installed in the hub of the wheel, one bearing is installed on both sides of the wheel, and a bearing locating sleeve is installed between the two bearings to locate the bearing and prevent it from moving in the hub, thus achieving the ideal state of bearing rotation.
Nail perforation
It is the screw that fixes the wheel to the tool holder. Usually the nail holes are hexagonal, and some are plum blossom-shaped.
Bottom nail
It is the screw that fixes the tool holder under the upper tool holder. One: T-shaped platform
Two: eight-character standing
Three: standing in parallel one: T stop method
Two: Stop your feet.
Three: Slide backwards and stop ▲ Standing posture: One is the ordinary parallel standing posture, that is, the feet are parallel and slightly narrower than the shoulders, and the knees are slightly bent to maintain the center of gravity. Don't let your feet swing from side to side with the strength of your ankles, and make sure that the wheels are vertical to the ground. When standing in parallel with professional flat shoes, due to the structural design of the shoes, the feet will naturally press the outer edges outward. The second is T-shaped standing (also called T-shaped standing) applied on uneven ground, that is, the last wheel of one shoe is close to the second and third wheels of the other shoe, the knee is slightly bent, there is a slight gap between the legs to maintain the center of gravity, and the shoe is still controlled by the ankle.
▲ Starting: Starting from the T-shaped stance, keep one foot forward, toe forward, and push the other foot to the side and rear of your body, so that you will have the strength to move forward. At this time, the center of gravity of the body should be completely placed on the front foot, and the body should lean forward slightly (don't hunch), so that the strength recovery process of the back foot can be smooth. After the hind foot is retracted, the other foot is pushed to the back of the body, and the center of gravity is still on the front foot, and so on.
▲ Sliding: In order to maintain a good balance when sliding, bend your knees as much as possible. The purpose is to stabilize the center of gravity and facilitate the exertion.
▲ Center of gravity of the body: When sliding, the center of gravity of the body should always lean forward slightly, and with the constant alternation of feet, the center of gravity should constantly shift. When one foot is pushed backward, the center of gravity of the body must be completely placed on the other leg, so as to ensure that the kicked leg can be smoothly retracted. When this leg retracts to the ground, the center of gravity immediately shifts to this leg, and then the other leg is kicked out. Remember to put your body center of gravity on the other leg completely every time you kick. This cycle.
▲ Sliding posture: the knees are slightly bent, the body leans forward slightly, and the center of gravity is maintained. The faster the sliding speed, the greater the bending amplitude. The standard speed skating posture is that the hands are naturally behind (without swinging arms), the back is parallel to the ground, and the bending angle of thighs and calves is not more than 120.
▲ Stop: Slide in the above posture and keep your feet together and parallel. The foot with the brake pad moves forward slightly, so that the distance between your feet is about half a foot. Lift your toes until the brake pad touches the ground, then slowly shift the center of gravity to the foot stepping on the brake pad and increase the pressure until it stops.