1: Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has gold, silver, copper, iron, bauxite, phosphorus and other mineral deposits. There are abundant oil and natural gas on the land and offshore along the East Persian Gulf. Brahimi Oasis, located in the eastern part of Rubhari Desert, is a disputed area among Saudi Arabia, UAE and Oman. In 2005, Saudi Arabia produced 526 million tons of oil, ranking first in the world, exported 430 million tons of oil, and the remaining recoverable reserves were 36.3 billion tons (accounting for 26% of the world's reserves), ranking first in the world.
2. Canada
Canada's crude oil reserves are second only to Saudi Arabia, ranking second in the world, 97% of which exist in the form of oil sands. The proven oil sands crude oil reserves are 654.38+073.2 billion barrels, accounting for 865.438+0% of the global proven oil sands reserves.
3: Brazil
Brazil has proven oil reserves of 65.438+053 billion barrels, ranking 654.38+05 in the world and second in South America (after Venezuela). Since the end of 2007, a number of super-large subsalt oil and gas fields have been discovered in coastal areas, with an estimated reserve of 50 billion to 654.38+05 billion barrels, which is expected to rank among the top ten oil storage countries in the world.
4: Russia
Countries located in the northern part of Eurasia account for 1 1.64% of the world oil production, with proven reserves of 60 billion barrels. There is still undeveloped oil in eastern Siberia, which may reach 4.7 billion barrels according to preliminary estimates. It produces/kloc-0.3 million barrels of oil every day.
5: China
At the end of 1950s, a large amount of oil reserves were discovered in the northeast of China, accounting for about 4.7% of the global output. Like the United States, China is also a big oil consumer, with proven reserves of about 20.35 billion barrels and daily output of 465.438+0.9 billion barrels.
Petroleum is one of the main objects of geological exploration, and it is a viscous dark brown liquid, which is called "industrial blood". There are oil reserves in some parts of the upper crust. The main components are mixtures of alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
There are two theories about the mechanism of petroleum formation: biological deposition and petrochemical formation. The former is widely accepted that oil is formed by the long evolution of organisms in ancient oceans or lakes, which belongs to biological deposition and cannot be regenerated. The latter thinks that oil is generated by carbon in the earth's crust, which has nothing to do with living things and is renewable. Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and it is also the raw material of many chemical industrial products, such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics.
Extended data:
Generally speaking, the distribution of crude oil is extremely unbalanced: from the eastern and western hemispheres, about 3/4 of the oil resources are concentrated in the eastern hemisphere, and the western hemisphere accounts for1/4; From the perspective of the northern and southern hemispheres, oil resources are mainly concentrated in the northern hemisphere; From the perspective of latitude distribution, it is mainly concentrated in two latitudes: 20-40 and 50-70 north latitude.
The two major oil regions, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Mexico, and the oil fields in North Africa are all located within 20-40 north latitude, which accounts for 5 1.3% of the world's oil reserves. There are famous Beihai oil fields, Russian Volga and Siberia oil fields and gulf of alaska oil fields in the zone of 50-70 north latitude.
About 80% of the recoverable oil reserves are located in the Middle East, of which 62.5% are located in Saudi Arabia (12.5%), United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Qatar and Kuwait.
Africa is the region with the fastest growth in crude oil reserves and oil production in recent years, and is called "the second Gulf region". In 2006, the total proven crude oil reserves in Africa were 6543.8+0562 billion tons, mainly distributed in the Gulf of Guinea and North Africa in West Africa. Experts predict that by 20 10, the proportion of African countries' oil production in the world's total oil output is expected to rise to 20%.
Libya, Nigeria, Algeria, Angola and Sudan rank among the top five crude oil reserves in Africa. Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa. Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, Angola and Egypt account for 85% of Africa's total oil production.
The countries with the richest crude oil reserves in North America are Canada, the United States and Mexico. Canada's proven crude oil reserves are 24.55 billion tons, ranking second in the world. The proven crude oil reserves in the United States are 2.98 billion tons, mainly distributed in the Gulf Coast of Mexico and the Gulf Coast of California, among which Texas and Oklahoma are the most famous, and Alaska is also an important oil-producing area.
The United States is the second largest oil producer in the world, but it still needs to import a lot of oil every year because of excessive consumption. Mexico has proven crude oil reserves of 65.438+69 billion tons, making it the third largest traditional crude oil strategic reserve country in the western hemisphere and the sixth largest oil producer in the world.
References:
Petroleum-Baidu Encyclopedia