What is autism?

Autism is a psychological disorder syndrome caused by artificial self-isolation and isolation from others in a relatively fixed and narrow environment. This symptom is more likely to happen to teenagers. Common manifestations are: withdrawn, timid, selfish, willful, not helping others, and not letting others help. Sometimes you are proud, and sometimes you feel inferior. Some children may do well in school and show high IQ, but their EQ may be very low. They not only lack communication skills, but also can't handle things properly. The reason for this disease may be that I have been locked up in the Xiaotian yard where my parents live alone for a long time, and there is no environment to play with my children, so it is not easy to make intimate friends, which leads to personality variation.

To prevent the occurrence of autism in children, we might as well start from the following aspects:

1, don't close your children too much in the small circle of blind learning. The modernization of urban life has caused many people to move into high-rise buildings, and the high-rise buildings with one door for each household are likely to create a closed environment for children. Therefore, children should be allowed or encouraged to walk down from tall buildings into the yard, play and communicate with neighbors or nearby children, and establish friendship.

2. Pay attention to the cultivation of emotional intelligence, which is the comprehensive ability of social adaptation. It is not enough for children to get good grades in school. They should also know how to accept others and let others accept themselves. This is also the basic meaning of love. While cultivating children's good moral character, we should teach them to form good temperament and emotion.

3. Try to let children participate in group activities, including games and homework invited by neighbors and children; Including cultural and sports activities organized by schools and classes; Including congratulating students on their birthdays, saying goodbye to teachers and so on. Experience friendship, wisdom and warmth from group activities.

4. To create conditions for children to make friends, we should not only let them walk down the tall building and out of the house, but also let them invite them into the house. Provide children with opportunities to make friends and teach them the art, methods and skills of making friends.

5. Cultivate children's self-reliance ability, avoid parents doing everything, let children learn to do their own things, and deliberately let children hit a nail and taste the pain. To hone children's willpower.

What is inferiority complex?

In psychology, inferiority is a weakness of personality. Inferiority refers to a person's ability, quality, etc.

If you give low evaluation, you will always feel inferior, pessimistic and disappointed, and lose confidence. Have an inferiority complex in social life.

Rational people are isolated and isolated, which inhibits their self-confidence and sense of honor. When they are despised, laughed at or insulted by people around them,

This sense of inferiority will be greatly strengthened, and even manifested as jealousy and self-deception. Inferiority is a kind of negativity.

Mental state is a huge psychological obstacle to realize an ideal or a certain desire.

What is inferiority complex?

Inferiority refers to low self-evaluation. According to the theory of psychologist A Adler, inferiority complex plays an important role in personal psychological development. Adler believes that everyone has congenital physical or psychological defects, which determines that people have inferiority complex in their subconscious. The way everyone solves his inferiority complex affects his behavior pattern. Many psychopathological phenomena are related to improper handling of inferiority complex. According to Eriksson's personality development theory, 6- 1 1 year old is the key stage to decide whether a person's psychological tendency is diligence, inferiority or self-destruction.

Inferiority complex is the core concept in Adler's personal psychology. He believes that people's desire for "superiority" stems from people's "inferiority", and people's inferiority stems from their incompetence from childhood. Children's resistance to inferiority is called "compensation". Salary is the basic motivation to promote a person's pursuit of Excellence.

Interestingly, Adler's concept of inferiority is closely related to his personal growth experience. When he was young, he had a brother who was taller, more handsome and smarter than him, so he lived in his shadow since childhood. It is with the determination and perseverance to catch up with his brother that Adler constantly challenges himself until he finally achieves much greater achievements than his brother.

What is inferiority complex? This article is collected by www.3edu.net of Fanda Education Network, and the copyright belongs to the author. Reprint please indicate the source!

Treatment of college students' inferiority complex

Inferiority generally refers to a psychological state of belittling yourself and thinking that you are inferior to others in some aspects because of some physiological, psychological or social incentives. The survey results show that inferiority complex is a sub-health state of some college students, which may lead to serious consequences in some cases. Therefore, attaching importance to and studying the influence of inferiority complex on college students is an issue that cannot be ignored in college students' education and management.

social factor

People are the sum total of social relations. As a social group, college students have their own characteristics, needs, interests and cultural forms, which are bound to be influenced by the social environment. The impact of the wave of social reform, the development of reform and opening up and commodity economy will inevitably touch the most sensitive social group-college students. Compared with ordinary young people, they can quickly accept the new ideas and concepts of reform, opening up and market economy, and have strong ability and quality to adapt to the new situation, which is undoubtedly worth promoting and rejoicing. However, we must also see that some factors and changes in social life are directly affecting and puzzling contemporary college students, and lead some of them to have cognitive and behavioral deviations. Especially with the rapid expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities and the reform of graduation distribution system in recent years, the employment difficulty of college students has become a new concern. The most typical situation is the job fair for graduates or some scenes in the talent market: there are mountains of doctoral and master students in front of some popular job fairs with high treatment conditions, while college graduates stand outside the circle with application materials, watching helplessly, with a blank face and embarrassment-a certain degree of loss and inferiority can not help but arise.

family factors

Family is the cell of society. College students come from different families, and the family situation is very different. Some college students from ordinary workers and peasant families. Because their parents' social status is not high or their families are relatively poor, especially compared with their classmates from big cities, cadres and Kochi families, they feel that they are "one head behind others" in social status and economic situation, and they are prone to feel "congenital deficiency" in the process of adapting to social life. Driven by these kinds of psychology, it is difficult for them to show cheerful optimism, generosity, carefree and confident appearance in their study, life and communication with others. They often worry that others will look down on themselves and consciously or unconsciously reduce communication with teachers and classmates. Because normal communication needs artificial suppression, it strengthens unhealthy psychology, so that it falls into the misunderstanding of "vicious circle" and cannot extricate itself.

Individual factors

Due to the differences in personal early life background, experience and growth path, college students have certain differences in physical development, cultural literacy, intelligence, temperament and ability. In the study and life of the university, some college students who have no special knowledge of themselves feel inferior to others when they see that some of their classmates can sing and dance, some can write and draw, and some can talk, and they are often in a sigh of remorse. Once this inferiority complex is formed, it will develop to the point where it dare not show its ability.

Frustration factor

Some college students who have a good foundation of conscious knowledge and have certain abilities and specialties often set higher expectations. However, due to its lack of experience in the world, biased understanding of problems and lack of practical work experience, it is often not only unable to achieve the task objectives well, but also exposes many weaknesses. They have a strong sense of frustration when they feel that the blueprint of self-design is difficult to realize. In order to maintain their self-esteem, they take a "stay out" attitude towards some competitive activities, showing a tendency of inferiority.

In practical work, in order to correctly guide college students to get rid of their inferiority complex, we should not only strengthen ideological and political education to help them establish a correct world outlook and outlook on life, but also pay attention to psychological counseling and correction, mainly from the following aspects:

Know the harm of inferiority complex and learn to evaluate yourself comprehensively and objectively.

From psychological analysis, inferiority complex is actually a psychological defense mechanism. Only this "defense" is negative. After a person's inferiority complex is formed, he has a low evaluation of his own ability and is afraid to communicate with others boldly and actively. Gradually, it will develop from alienation and self-loneliness to self-isolation, forming an invisible high wall with the people around it; This situation will make others form a bad opinion of you, will keep you at a respectful distance from others, and will avoid you, thus further deepening your inferiority complex. Students with inferiority complex should learn to discover their own advantages, tap their own bright spots, objectively analyze themselves, find out their own advantages and disadvantages, and make a more correct self-evaluation. Develop strengths and avoid weaknesses in study, life and interpersonal communication, believe in yourself, and constantly develop and tap your talents and potential.

Learn to attribute correctly and further improve your frustration tolerance.

After encountering failures and setbacks, we should be able to correctly analyze the subjective and objective reasons. Although sometimes failures and setbacks are caused by some objective reasons and unchangeable and irresistible factors, they are often caused by improper expectations set by themselves-probably too high expectations. Adjust expectations appropriately, and strive to achieve the goal. On this basis, raise some goals slightly, and then strive to achieve … step by step. Every success will bring joy and confidence. In this way, we can gradually overcome our inferiority complex by constantly achieving our goals and enhancing our self-confidence.

Shape a good character

People's sense of inferiority sometimes comes from a psychological negative self-suggestion. With this negative self-suggestion, self-confidence will be suppressed and psychological tension will increase. If you give yourself more positive psychological hints, you can increase your confidence in winning in the face of difficulties. Most students with a strong sense of inferiority are accompanied by introverted, timid, suspicious, cautious, indecisive, imaginative, unsociable and weak adaptability. These characteristics have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to guide and help such students to strengthen exercise, shape a good personality, increase positive psychological hints, turn unfavorable personality characteristics into advantages and enhance their psychological advantages.

Clear goals and persistent pursuit.

A person with lofty goals and ideals and a full life will never feel inferior. It is necessary to educate and guide those college students who have a certain sense of inferiority, set up their aspirations, correctly understand and give play to their own advantages, succeed with their advantages, and successfully overcome their inferiority. On the one hand, to educate and enlighten college students to know themselves correctly, they should not only see their own shortcomings, but also know their own strengths, and should not go too far-even completely deny themselves and give up their ideal pursuit because of their own shortcomings; On the other hand, we should encourage them to be brave in practice, exercise themselves in practice and increase their talents. In this way, they will constantly enhance their ability and self-confidence, and finally get rid of the shackles of inferiority, get rid of the shadow and misunderstanding of inferiority, and participate in learning and social life healthily.

What is "social phobia"

Qianlong news network

Also known as human phobia, it is the most common kind of phobia, accounting for about half of phobia patients. It is manifested in fear of meeting people and talking to people. When people meet, they are nervous, red-faced and shivering, so they often live alone in the house to avoid meeting people.

For example, a male patient, 20 years old, is a college student. I have been afraid of meeting people for half a year, especially strangers. I feel so flustered that I can't say a word, so I am often alone. The patient used to be a shop assistant and was highly valued by the leaders and the masses. He was recommended to be admitted to the Department of Economic Management of a university.

Before he got sick, he didn't like to talk, but he was very capable of working. Before entering the school, the patient made a great wish to learn well, so he studied hard. At a study group meeting six months ago, I stuttered because of nervousness. Since then, I have been afraid that I can't speak, and by extension, I can't learn economic management without speaking. As a result, I am worried about speaking in front of people, and soon I am afraid of meeting people. If I barely see them, I will blush and dare not look up or even speak. Physical examination is normal. Diagnosed as social phobia.

On the basis of explanatory psychotherapy, the systematic desensitization method in behavioral therapy is applied to teach how to relax when nervous. Specifically, in 1 week, patients are required to go to crowded places every day and stand there and look at their faces for at least 15 minutes, initially 1 time a day, and later increased to twice a day. At first, he will feel confused, sweating all over, and afraid to look up, but he must persist, and there is nothing to be afraid of by repeating meditation. He can relax himself and overcome his horror by taking a deep breath. And record how long it takes to overcome this fear.

When the patient first implemented the above method, he was really nervous, but after gnashing his teeth and looking up at people for about 5 ~ 7 minutes, the tension and terror gradually eased. Since the second week, the number of people going to watch has gradually increased, and the time to look at the face has also been extended. At the same time, train patients to read prepared texts or novels. At first, he read alone, then read in the crowd, and gradually recited the finished text in the crowd. After four weeks of treatment, the terror disappeared in the fifth week, and there was no stuttering before entering the park. After two months of follow-up, the patient did not see any recurrence.

Self-test and treatment of social phobia

Self-test table:

symptom

1. I'm afraid to speak in front of important people.

Getting angry in front of people makes me uncomfortable.

3. parties and some social activities scare me.

I avoid talking to people I don't know

Being criticized or discussed by others scares me.

I must avoid doing things and talking to people because I am afraid of embarrassment.

7. It bothers me to sweat in front of others.

8. I avoid going to parties

9. I avoid any self-centered activities.

Talking to strangers scares me.

1 1. I avoid talking.

12. I try my best to avoid being judged by others.

13. When I am with many people, palpitations make me very uncomfortable.

14. I'm afraid of doing things under the gaze of others.

15. I am most afraid of making awkward and stupid expressions or actions.

Avoid talking with authority figures.

17. Shaking in front of others makes me feel bad.

(0- 15) Don't worry, you don't have social phobia. (16-26) You already have mild symptoms, and it may not be good if you continue like this. (27-34 points) You are on the verge of moderate social phobia. If you have time, you must go to the hospital to seek the help of a psychologist. (4 1) Unfortunately, you are already a serious social phobia patient. See a psychiatrist, and he will help you solve it.

Treatment:

If you are between 16-26, try the following methods.

1, don't deny yourself, keep telling yourself "I am the best" and "Since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" .

2, don't be hard on yourself, do what you can, as long as you try your best, it doesn't matter if you don't succeed.

Don't recall the unpleasant past, let bygones be bygones, nothing is more important than the present.

Be friendly to others, take helping others as the basis of happiness, forget your troubles while helping others, and prove your value at the same time.

5. Find someone to talk to. If you are in trouble, you must say it. Find someone you can trust to talk about your troubles. Maybe others can't help you solve the problem, but at least they can let you vent.

6. Give yourself 10 minutes to think every day and constantly sum up yourself, so as to constantly face new problems and challenges.

7. Go to a crowded place, let passers-by stand in front of you and try to give people a smile.

If all the above methods fail, you can try.

1, Hypnotherapy: Psychoanalysts hypnotize you, dig deep into your heart or memory, see if you have experienced some embarrassing events, and try to find the root of your illness. This treatment takes a long time and costs a lot.

2, forced treatment: the doctor let you stand in the bustling street, or let you stand in front of the opposite sex that you are very afraid of, using huge psychological stimulation to force you to treat.

3. Situational therapy: Let you constantly simulate the scene of social phobia in an imaginary space and practice the plot of recurring symptoms. Psychoanalysts will continue to encourage you to face this scene and let you adapt to this environment that produces anxiety and tension from imagination.

4. Cognitive therapy: This is a therapeutic method of indoctrination. Doctors keep telling you that this fear is abnormal, so that you can correctly understand the procedures of interpersonal communication and teach you some methods of interpersonal communication.

5. Drug therapy: This is currently considered to be the most effective treatment. Mainly because your illness is caused by a chemical imbalance in your body, so you should use some drugs to adjust this balance.