Raphael (1483- 1520) is one of the three outstanding artists in the Italian Renaissance. He lost his mother at the age of 7 and his father at the age of 1 1. His father is a second-class court painter. He studied painting with his father since childhood and studied the works of Florence artists in the15th century. Raphael embarked on an original road. From the age of 22 to 25, he created a large number of statues of the Virgin Mary, which made him famous. He was only 37 years old, but he became the most popular painter in the heyday of the Renaissance. His style represented the most admired aesthetic taste at that time, and his painting style was called "beauty", which not only fascinated people at that time, but also lasted for 400 years and became a model that later classicists thought could not be reached.
A precocious genius, constant progress
Renaissance is a major turning point in the development of European culture from14th century to16th century. After 1000 years of feudal rule, the imprisoned classical culture attracted people's attention again and became a weapon for humanists to oppose theocracy and advocate science and personal freedom. Literature and art are required to express people's thoughts and feelings.
The Renaissance rose in Italy, and Raphael (1483 1520) was one of the three outstanding figures in the heyday of the Renaissance. Raphael came to Rome on 1508. One of the three murals he painted for the Vatican Palace, The Academy of Athens, shows humanists' pursuit of truth and happiness.
Unlike Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, Raphael's image of the Virgin embodies the noble qualities of love, kindness and meekness. Notre Dame de Sistine Chapel (in part) combines the dignified beauty of Notre Dame with secular maternal love. The aesthetic style established by Raphael became the standard of later academic classicism.
Raffaello Santi (1483 1520) was born in an artistic family in urbino. His father is a court painter and poet. Although his life is not very rich, he has a good wife and a successful career. Before Raphael, he had two sons who died, so after Raphael was born, his parents took good care of him, prayed for his healthy growth in the morning and evening, and named him "Angel" (Raphael means angel in Italian). Raphael also showed great artistic interest and talent since he was a child. Before he could speak, he liked to play with brushes as toys, and he was excited when he saw paint, which made his parents very happy. Raphael's father taught him painting when he was 8 years old, and taught him all painting skills when he was 10 years old. In order to improve his son's painting level, the father took his son everywhere to learn from the teacher and strongly encouraged him to explore his own artistic style. 1 1 years old, Raphael's father died and he went to a painter's studio to study. He tirelessly explores the mystery of painting and can sensitively capture the true meaning of beauty and art.
/Kloc-When he was 0/6 years old, Raphael left his hometown of Ullbin and went to Pei Lu Gia, a city in Ambria in northern Italy, where he studied under perugino. One day, perugino said to Raphael, "I don't want this small place to drag you down. You have to go to Florence where the masters gather, and you can work independently. " Raphael is only 19 years old. He learned the principles of color perception and perspective from his teacher, and his painting skills are quite mature, and his talent has surpassed that of his teacher.
Under the guidance of perugino, Raphael entered the art world of Florence, and soon merged into the group of painters. His pleasing appearance and self-contained personality immediately opened up an artistic path for himself. Florence gave Raphael an art lesson that he had never had before. He eagerly absorbed the achievements of masters' works and took Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo as students. He made full use of what Florence had to offer him: he studied anatomy, observed the interpersonal relationship between nature and the new society, and he was more affectionate and passionate about life, people, especially women and mothers. He worships Leonardo da Vinci and respects Michelangelo. He wants to turn all the artistic essence of Florence into his own nutrition.
His painting The Wedding of Our Lady (1504) at the age of 2/kloc-0 not only borrowed from the teacher, but also surpassed him. Smooth lines, beautiful figures, harmony between form and space, and pure and beautiful artistic conception all reflect his precocious genius and predict his later development.
Leonardo da vinci's art is profound and implicit, rational and full of wisdom; Michelangelo's art is broad, majestic, passionate and full of power; Raphael's art is marked by elegance, elegance, harmony and high perfection.
He began to realize that he was full of feathers and could go to a higher art palace. He wants to show his talent in Rome and show the world who is the best painter in Italy today.
Perfect the "Virgin" and achieve "painting saints"
Raphael is the master who is best at shaping the image of the Virgin Mary in the history of western art. His series of statues of the Virgin Mary harmoniously unify the perceptual beauty and spiritual beauty, thus conveying the beautiful wishes and eternal feelings of mankind.
During his stay in Florence, Raphael created many beautiful portraits of the Virgin Mary.
The image of the Virgin Mary has always been the theme of medieval painters. However, due to the influence of Christian theology, painters before Raphael painted the Madonna pale, thin, stiff and dull, which looked very painful. Raphael's Madonna is full of humanistic ideals and embodies the beauty of the world. Under his superb brushwork, the Virgin is no longer a purely religious figure, but an ordinary young woman. She is young, dignified, beautiful, rich and healthy, and her brow is filled with her mother's love and happiness. The young Jesus around her was transformed and portrayed as an innocent and lively child. The virgin and the son are completely a pair of mother and son in real life. Painters praise the beauty of ordinary women in the name of the Virgin Mary.
The Madonna in the garden is the most representative of the Madonna created by Raphael in this period. There is also an anecdote about creating this painting. One day, Raphael was walking in the garden and saw a beautiful girl pruning among the flowers. The painter was attracted by her charming image and soon outlined the image of the girl. Soon, he took this girl as a model and created this famous painting. Because this girl is the gardener's daughter, this painting is also called the beautiful gardener's daughter.
1508 In the summer and autumn, Raphael came to work in Rome at the invitation of the Pope. The Pope gave Raphael the task of painting four murals in the signing hall of the Catholic Palace, entitled "Theology", "Philosophy", "Law" and "Poetics". Although these murals serve the Vatican, Raphael skillfully integrates the humanistic spirit and the beauty of Greek classical art into the murals.
Raphael's works
The most representative of these four murals is the mural entitled "Philosophy". This painting is based on the Athens Academy founded by Plato, so it is also called Athens Academy. In this mural, Raphael gathered people from different periods in one space, and gathered more than 50 philosophers, scientists, artists and celebrities from ancient Greece, Rome and contemporary Italy to have a heated discussion in a grand hall.
In the center of the picture, Plato and Aristotle, two great representatives of classical philosophy, are entering the hall under the bright and brilliant sky background.
On the left, Socrates is talking with a group of people, and on the lower left, a group of people mainly composed of mathematician Pythagoras. On the right are astronomer Ptolemy, physicist Archimedes and others. Raphael also painted himself and his friends on it. In the vast space, some of them are speaking passionately, some are thinking hard, some are asking for advice modestly, some are explaining enthusiastically, and they are full of rich academic atmosphere. There are many characters in the painting, but they are very harmonious and balanced, which embodies the exploration spirit of human beings in pursuit of truth.
During his stay in Rome, Raphael painted the famous Sistine Chapel Madonna. This painting was created by Raphael for the Sistine Chapel.
In this painting, we can see that the curtain has just been opened, and a mother in robes and barefoot walks down from the clouds in Ran Ran with a baby in her arms. The crowd cheered and warmly welcomed the arrival of the Virgin Mary. On the left side of the picture, the Pope kneels, looks up at the Virgin as a sign of reverence, and gesticulates with his hand, as if introducing the Virgin to the audience. Squatting on the right is a virgin, full of joy, just turned from the direction of the virgin, staring at the two little angels below. The two little angels at the bottom of the picture are lively and lovely. They looked up at the virgin Mary thoughtfully. These two little angels are said to have been painted by Raphael according to two little boys in the bakery opposite him.
1754, this painting was bought from the monks of the Sistine Chapel with 2000 Venetian gold coins (equivalent to 70 kilograms of gold) and sent to the Reston Art Museum in Germany.
Raphael is highly regarded by the Pope, but he is very dissatisfied with the darkness and corruption of the church. On one occasion, two cardinals commented on his creation and said that he painted the faces of St. Peter and St. Paul too red. Raphael immediately sneered: "I painted it so red on purpose, two bishops." They see people like you running their church in heaven, so they blush. "
Raphael is not only a master of painting, but also an outstanding architect. 15 14, the Pope appointed him as the architectural director of St. Peter's Cathedral, responsible for the preservation and excavation of the whole Roman city. Raphael studied architecture deeply and put forward many original opinions. He is ambitious and wants to restore the former glory of this ancient Roman city. To this end, he spent the last five years of his life. /kloc-in the early spring of 0/520, Raphael unfortunately caught a bad cold because of long-term overwork and weak body. He died suddenly because of a high fever on his birthday on April 6. Unfortunately, he only lived for 37 years.
The achievement of genius led to a heavy painting task, which was Raphael's glory and his tragedy, and his great fame finally overwhelmed him.
He is ill. After the doctor diagnosed his illness, he shook his head and said, "Dear Master, you have lived a stressful life since you were a child, and now you deserve it. People all know that artists don't care about anything. They don't care about life, but let life burn. " A week later, he died on April 6. The honor after his death will always exist in his works and be recorded in the history of human civilization.
Raphael is a prolific master of art, who created nearly 300 works in his short life. He created his own refined and popular style and pushed the painting art to a new peak, so he was known as "the sage of painting".
Generally speaking, Raphael's art is full of love and stands at the top of the ideal artistic honor with a soft and elegant charm. ;