The reason why the elderly are thin is that the functions of the body are also declining when they get older. Old people pay more attention to diet and strengthen nutrition until they are 90 years old. Being thin is a symbol of human aging. Many elderly people lose weight not because of fat loss, but because of the decline of muscle quality and function. This symptom of muscle degeneration is called sarcopenia. When people enter old age, with the increase of age, the secretion of sex hormones decreases, which makes the ability of muscle synthesis insufficient and the incidence of sarcopenia increases. It is reported that the incidence of sarcopenia is 5%~ 13% among people aged 60~70, and 1 1%~50% among people over 80. Excessive emaciation of the elderly may also be caused by disease. Nervous system diseases can lead to wasting diseases such as malnutrition, inflammation, infection and malignant tumor, which greatly increases the energy consumption of human body and causes emaciation.
In addition, the old people are too thin and have lifestyle reasons. Many elderly people are very concerned about health and pursue health. Old and thin? Blind diet control, insufficient nutrition intake, coupled with hormonal imbalance, is very easy to lose weight. Insufficient exercise is a major reason that is easily overlooked. Here mainly refers to the resistance movement. The so-called resistance exercise is weight-bearing strength exercise, which allows muscles to adjust muscle synthesis through continuous contraction, while the elderly take part in walking, Tai Ji Chuan and other sports, and less weight-bearing exercise.
What should the elderly do to lose weight? First of all, the diet of the elderly should be thin, soft and broken, not thick, hard and big.
Easier to digest and absorb. For example, sorghum rice can be ground into powder for snacks; Buckwheat can be made into noodles, steamed bread, pancakes and porridge; Whole beans are not conducive to digestion and absorption, and can be processed into bean products such as tofu, soybean milk, dried tofu, etc., or germinated to produce bean sprouts, which can also increase the vitamin content; Nuts are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and various minerals, and have high nutritional value. When eating nuts, you can grind them into powder, such as sesame powder, walnut powder, peanut powder, etc., and take them with boiling water or put them into porridge, milk and yogurt. Animal meat can be chopped into stuffing to make wonton and jiaozi, and poultry meat can be braised and steamed, but it should be heated with low fire, not too much at a time and not too long; Aquatic products such as fish and shrimp have high water content and soft and tender tissues, which are easier to digest and absorb than the muscles of livestock and poultry. When eating, it can be cooked in a microwave oven, or it can be made into fish fillets, fish balls, fish soup, shrimp and so on. Fresh vegetables can be made into soft, delicious and digestible dishes by cold salad, quick frying, soup making and stuffing.
Secondly, improve the appetite of the elderly through various channels.
As mentioned above, the elderly often suffer from depression for various reasons, so keeping the elderly optimistic and cheerful is another key. Retired people might as well cultivate their hobbies, such as dancing, calligraphy, Tai Ji Chuan, cycling, badminton, chess, photography, traveling and so on. Many old people get together and often organize some activities and exchanges, so that they can fully integrate into this circle and gradually shift their focus from work to cultural and sports activities without feeling lost and lonely. As children, we should know how to be considerate of the elderly. When we should respect the elderly, we must respect them. Old people are our parents, aren't they? Mom? ; Try to help the elderly fulfill their wishes instead of blindly opposing their opinions; Old people have some living habits, such as excessive frugality. In fact, they know the harm of those leftovers, but? Used to saving, reluctant? Be patient in understanding and persuading, and don't be too radical; Call the old man often to report his safety. Most young people are not with their parents, so they may get together several times a year. A seemingly ordinary phone call may be a good medicine to solve their insomnia and loss of appetite.
Finally, rational use of formula food and health care products for special medical purposes.
Formula food for special medical use is specially processed and prepared for the nutritional needs of people with food restrictions, digestive and absorption disorders, metabolic disorders or other specific disease states. Formula foods for special medical use are divided into total nutrition formula foods, specific total nutrition formula foods and non-total nutrition formula foods. Thin old people can use total nutrition formula under the guidance of doctors or clinical nutritionists to ensure adequate nutrition intake. If you are complicated with other chronic diseases, you can use specific total nutrition formula according to the situation, such as diabetic patients, you can use diabetic total nutrition formula. Nephropathy patients can use nephrosis total nutrition formula food. Non-nutritional formula foods can be suitable for the elderly who need special nutrients, such as protein food for sarcopenia and dietary fiber food for functional constipation. Health food refers to foods that claim to have specific health care functions or are aimed at supplementing vitamins and minerals. The Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Residents in China (version 20 13) suggests that people over 65 in China should take 1000mg of calcium, 12mg of iron, 800ugRAE (700ugRAE for women) vitamin A and 600IU of vitamin D every day. However, due to the dietary structure characteristics of Chinese residents with high carbohydrate and low protein, the 20 15 report on nutrition and chronic diseases of China residents shows that although the dietary structure of Chinese residents has changed and the intake of high-quality protein has increased, the intake of some nutrients such as calcium, iron, vitamins A and D is still insufficient. Thin old people often have digestive and absorption disorders. It is suggested that these elderly people eat some health care products appropriately, such as calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin D.
Dementia Dementia is closely related to people's age, but it is not caused by aging and may pose a threat to life. It is generally believed that the prevalence rate of elderly people aged 65 to 85 will double if they grow 5 years old every year. In China, about 90% of Alzheimer's patients have not been found. The biggest problem of dementia is cognitive impairment, especially memory, which is usually forgotten from recent events; Then slowly forget the long-term things; Finally, I don't even know my relatives and friends, I can't find my home, and I don't know how to avoid the crisis. There is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, but symptoms can be alleviated. Meditation, diet, decompression and moderate exercise can delay the course of the disease.
2. Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence greatly affects the normal social interaction and sleep quality of the elderly, often leading to depression, anxiety and other problems, and frequent urination may also cause bedsores or skin inflammation. Statistics show that the probability of urinary incontinence in men over 60 years old is 18.9%, and that in women is 37.7%. Old people love face very much, and it is often difficult to talk about it, which leads to a low rate of medical treatment and delays treatment. In fact, urinary incontinence needs to be found and treated as soon as possible. Countermeasures include wearing adult diapers, drinking a small amount of water many times, going to the toilet when you feel like urinating, drinking less water before going to bed, consciously lifting your anus and exercising your bladder muscles.
3. Chronic pain Chronic pain often plagues elderly patients, and those with obvious pain need long-term treatment and care. If chronic pain lasts for more than a month, it will lead to decreased immunity, dysfunction of the body and autonomic nerve disorder. Unfortunately, many elderly people are not aware of the consequences of chronic pain, and often take some painkillers to make do. Common chronic pains in the elderly include neck, shoulder, waist and leg pain, sciatica and trigeminal neuralgia.
4. Anemic elderly people often have anemia symptoms, which are not obvious, but are often ignored by themselves. However, anemia will reduce the cognitive function, physique and quality of life of the elderly, and increase the hospitalization rate and mortality rate. Anemia is an independent disease, and the elderly often have secondary anemia, digestive tract ulcer, chronic gastritis, kidney disease, tumor and chronic infection. These may be the main causes of anemia. Therefore, if the elderly have symptoms such as palpitation and fatigue, they should check their blood routine in time. If it is simple anemia, it is necessary to carry out standardized iron supplementation treatment, and the effect only takes one month.
5. Sjogren's elderly often have discomfort symptoms such as dry eyes, dry mouth and dry skin, which are not necessarily caused by normal aging. Because, in addition to the gradual atrophy of sebaceous glands, salivary glands and lacrimal glands, the elderly may also be Sjogren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease. This disease will not only dry the mouth and eyes, but also damage the blood, respiratory system and kidneys. If the elderly have dry symptoms, they need to drink more water, reduce salt intake and eat more sour fruits such as kiwi fruit, apricot and hawthorn, which can stimulate saliva secretion. In addition, don't watch TV and play mobile phones often, do more eye exercises and use skin care products.
6. Hypertension itself is not a serious disease, but its complications of important organs (especially target organs such as heart, brain and kidney) have posed a serious threat to human beings. Studies have shown that hypertension is easily related to heart, brain and kidney damage. For example, coronary heart disease in patients with hypertension is 4 times higher than that in patients with normal blood pressure, and heart failure is 6 times higher, and it is the primary cause of renal failure, worthy of the name? Silent killer? The harm of hypertension can be seen from this.
Does the normal person's blood pressure fluctuate within 20 a day? 30 mm Hg. The fluctuation range of the elderly is greater than that of the young. The biggest change of blood pressure is in the early morning, and the blood pressure will rise to a higher level quickly. A few patients get up at 5:00-6:00 in the morning, and their blood pressure soars to the peak. Therefore, sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris and stroke are particularly prone to occur in the early morning and morning hours.
7. Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is caused by defective insulin secretion or impaired biological function or both. Long-term hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus leads to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and nerves.