cosmetics
Popular Science China | This entry is reviewed by the entry writing and application project of Popular Science China.
Review expert Bao Xu Shen
According to the Regulations on the Management of Cosmetic Labeling promulgated by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on August 27th, 2007, cosmetics refer to chemical products or fine chemical products that are spread on any part of human body surface by smearing, spraying or other similar means, such as skin, hair, toenails, lips and teeth. , in order to clean, maintain, beautify, modify, change appearance, or correct human body odor and keep in good condition.
On June 6th, 2020, the Regulation on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics was adopted at the 77th executive meeting of the State Council on June 3rd, 2020. It is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on June+10/October 1 day, 20265438. [ 1]
Chinese name
cosmetics
Foreign name
Cosmetics/skin care
according to
Regulations on the Administration of Cosmetic Labeling
Promulgation time
August 27(th), 2007
function
Make people beautiful.
Boutique recommended reading
Domestic "big brand" cosmetics
Author: Pick up historical events.
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Development history supervision regulations, category classification, efficacy, use and maintenance standards of cosmetics, safe use of cosmetics, relevant information, and precautions for online shopping.
brief introduction
Basic explanation
Cosmetics (huà zhuāng pǐn): used for conditioning human body (except soap) to beautify, preserve or change human appearance (for example, for performance), or for cleaning, dyeing, rubbing, correcting or protecting skin, hair, nails, eyes or teeth.
English translation/ translator/ interpreter
Cosmetics [2]
Development history
ancient times
In primitive society, some tribes smeared animal fat on their skin during sacrificial activities to make the skin look healthy and shiny, which was the earliest skin care behavior. It can be seen that the history of cosmetics can almost be inferred from the existence of human beings. During the 5th century BC to 7th century AD, there were many legends and records about the production and use of cosmetics in various countries, such as the ancient Egyptians curled their hair with mud, the ancient Egyptian queen painted her eyes with verdigris, bathed her body with donkey milk, and the ancient Greek beauty Asbage covered wrinkles with fish glue. There are many cosmetic appliances. In ancient China, people also liked to wipe their cheeks with rouge and moisten their hair with hair oil to set off the beauty and charm of their faces.
Mineral oil age
In 1970s, a number of well-known cosmetics companies in Japan were jointly sued by 18 women who suffered from severe melanosis due to using their cosmetics. This incident not only caused a sensation in the international beauty industry, but also promoted a great revolution in skin care products. Early skin care cosmetics originated from the chemical industry. At that time, it was difficult to extract it naturally from plants, and the petrochemical synthesis industry was very developed. Therefore, many raw materials for skin care products and cosmetics come from the chemical industry, and now many international and domestic brands are reusing the raw materials of that era, with low prices, relatively simple raw materials and low costs, so the mineral oil era is also a daily chemical era.
The age of natural ingredients
Since 1980s, dermatologists have found that adding various natural raw materials to skin care products has a certain moisturizing effect on the skin. At this time, the large-scale natural extraction and separation industry has matured. Since then, skin care products on the market can gradually find natural ingredients! From land to sea, from plants to animals, all kinds of natural ingredients are available. Some people even go to inaccessible places, trying to find special raw materials and create miracles of skin care, including tropical rainforests. Of course, there are many natural gimmicks at this time. Most of the bottom materials may still use the ingredients of the mineral oil era, but only occasionally add some natural ingredients, because there are still many problems in the mixing and anticorrosion of ingredients. Some companies have been able to completely abandon the original industrial assembly line, produce pure natural things, and gradually form some top-class and special brands.
Zero burden era
20 10 years ago, zero-burden products became popular in Europe, America and Taiwan Province province. In the past, they liked plants too much. Because of the development of society, in order to meet the special requirements of more people for skin, there are more and more additives in skin care products, so many skin care products are natural but not necessarily natural. Many products using natural ingredients and mineral ingredients have caused unnecessary harm and even allergies to the skin, which has sounded the alarm for the skin care industry. Pursuing zero burden will soon become the most substantial change in the history of skin care development at this stage. After 20 10 years, zero-burden products began to be born. One batch of products will mainly reduce unnecessary chemical components and increase pure skin care components, which will bring brand-new changes to female friends who often use cosmetics. The main feature of "zero-burden" products is that many useless ingredients are greatly reduced. Skin care ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid and collagen, are actively used and directly absorbed by the skin, even if the product performance is extremely mild. [3]
Supervision regulations
Chapter I General Principles
Article 1 These Regulations are formulated in order to strengthen the hygiene supervision of cosmetics, ensure the hygienic quality and safe use of cosmetics, and protect the health of consumers.
Article 2 "Cosmetics" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to daily chemical products applied to any part of the human body (skin, hair, nails, lips, etc.). ) by rubbing, spraying or other similar methods to achieve the purpose of cleaning, eliminating odor, skin care, beauty and modification.
Article 3 The State practices a cosmetic hygiene supervision system. The health administrative department of the State Council is in charge of the national cosmetic hygiene supervision, and the health administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level is in charge of the cosmetic hygiene supervision within its jurisdiction.
Article 4 All units and individuals engaged in the production and marketing of cosmetics must abide by these regulations.
Chapter II Hygienic Supervision of Cosmetic Production
Article 5 The hygiene supervision of cosmetic production enterprises shall implement the hygiene licensing system.
Hygiene licenses for cosmetics production enterprises shall be approved and issued by the health administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Hygiene License for Cosmetic Manufacturing Enterprises is valid for four years and reviewed every two years 1 time.
Units that have not obtained the hygiene license of cosmetics production enterprises shall not engage in cosmetics production.
Article 6 Cosmetic production enterprises must meet the following hygiene requirements:
(a) production enterprises should be built in clean areas, and keep a distance from toxic and harmful places that meets the hygiene requirements.
(two) the factory building of the production enterprise should be firm and clean. The ceiling, wall and floor in the workshop should be made of bright and clean building materials, and should have good lighting (or lighting). There should be facilities and measures to prevent and eliminate rodents and other harmful insects and their breeding conditions.
(3) A production enterprise shall have a factory or place for raw materials, processing, packaging and storage of cosmetics suitable for the variety and quantity of products.
(four) the production workshop should have corresponding production facilities suitable for the characteristics of the products, and the process regulations should meet the hygiene requirements.
(five) production enterprises must have the instruments, equipment and inspectors who can carry out microbial inspection on the cosmetics they produce.
Article 7 Personnel directly engaged in cosmetics production must have an annual health examination and obtain a health certificate before they can engage in cosmetics production.
Anyone suffering from tinea manuum, onychomycosis, hand eczema, hand psoriasis or scales, exudative dermatosis, dysentery, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, active tuberculosis and other infectious diseases may not directly engage in cosmetic production activities.
Article 8 Raw materials, auxiliary materials, containers and packaging materials that come into direct contact with cosmetics must meet the national hygiene standards.
Article 9 The use of new cosmetic raw materials to produce cosmetics must be approved by the health administrative department of the State Council.
New cosmetic raw materials refer to natural or artificial raw materials used in cosmetic production for the first time in China.
Article 10 The production of cosmetics for special use must be approved by the health administrative department of the State Council, and the production can only be carried out after obtaining the approval number.
Special purpose cosmetics refer to cosmetics used for hair growth, hair dyeing, perming, hair removal, breast enhancement, body shaping, deodorization, freckle removal and sun protection.
Article 11 Before cosmetics are put on the market, production enterprises must carry out sanitary quality inspection on products according to the national hygienic standards for cosmetics, and qualified products shall be marked with qualified marks. Products that have not been inspected or do not meet hygiene standards shall not leave the factory.
Article 12 Cosmetic labels shall indicate the product name and factory name, and indicate the hygiene license number of the manufacturer; Small packages or instructions should indicate the date of production and the effective period of use. Cosmetics for special purposes shall also be marked with the approval number. For cosmetics that may cause adverse reactions, the instructions should indicate the usage and precautions.
Cosmetic labels, small packages or instructions shall not indicate indications, publicize curative effects or use medical terms.
Chapter III Hygienic Supervision of Cosmetic Business
Thirteenth cosmetics business units and individuals shall not sell the following cosmetics:
(1) Cosmetics produced by enterprises that have not obtained the hygiene license of cosmetics production enterprises;
(2) Cosmetics without quality conformity marks;
(3) Cosmetics whose labels, small packages or instructions do not conform to the provisions of Article 12 of these Regulations;
(4) Cosmetics for special use that have not obtained the approval number;
(5) Cosmetics that have expired.
Article 14 Cosmetic advertisements shall not contain the following contents:
(1) The name, preparation method, utility or performance of cosmetics are false or exaggerated;
(two) using the name of others to guarantee or imply that others misunderstand its effectiveness;
(3) Promote medical functions.
Article 15 For the cosmetics imported for the first time, the importer must provide the instructions, quality standards, inspection methods and other relevant materials and samples of the cosmetics, as well as the certification documents of the exporting country (region) for approval of production, and the import contract can only be signed after the approval of the health administrative department of the State Council.
Article 16 imported cosmetics must be inspected by the state commodity inspection authorities; Only those who pass the inspection are allowed to import.
A small amount of cosmetics imported for personal use shall go through the import formalities according to customs regulations.
Chapter IV Cosmetic Hygiene Supervision Institutions and Their Duties
Seventeenth health administrative departments at all levels shall exercise the duties of cosmetics hygiene supervision, and designate cosmetics hygiene supervision and inspection institutions to be responsible for the supervision and inspection of cosmetics within their respective jurisdictions.
Article 18 The administrative department of health of the State Council employs experts in scientific research, medical treatment, production and hygiene management to form a cosmetic safety evaluation team to evaluate the safety of imported cosmetics, special-purpose cosmetics and new cosmetic raw materials, and to conduct technical appraisal of major cosmetic accidents.
Nineteenth health administrative departments at all levels shall set up cosmetics hygiene supervisors to supervise cosmetics hygiene.
Cosmetic hygiene supervisors shall be appointed by the health administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the health administrative departments of the State Council from qualified health professionals, and shall be issued with badges and certificates.
Article 20 Cosmetic hygiene supervisors shall wear badges and show their certificates when carrying out cosmetic hygiene supervision.
Cosmetic hygiene supervisors are responsible for keeping confidential the technical information provided by the production enterprises.
Twenty-first cosmetic hygiene supervisors have the right to take samples from production enterprises and business units in accordance with state regulations, and obtain safety information related to hygiene supervision. No unit may refuse, conceal or provide false materials.
Twenty-second health administrative departments at all levels, cosmetics hygiene supervisors and health supervision and inspection institutions shall not participate in the production and sale of cosmetics in the form of technical consultation and technical services, and shall not supervise cosmetics.
Twenty-third cases of adverse reactions caused by the use of cosmetics, medical units should report to the local health administrative department.
Chapter V Punishment Rules
Article 24 Whoever produces cosmetics without obtaining the Hygiene License for Cosmetic Production Enterprises shall be ordered to stop production, the products and illegal income shall be confiscated, and a fine of 3 to 5 times the illegal income may be imposed.
Article 25 Whoever produces cosmetics for special purposes without an approval number, or uses prohibited cosmetic raw materials and unapproved new cosmetic raw materials, the products and illegal income shall be confiscated, and a fine of three to five times the illegal income shall be imposed, and the enterprise may be ordered to stop production or revoke the hygiene license of the cosmetic production enterprise.
Article 26 Whoever imports or sells imported cosmetics without approval or inspection shall confiscate the products and illegal income, and may also be fined 3 to 5 times the illegal income.
If an enterprise that has obtained the approval number of cosmetics for special use violates the provisions of these regulations and the circumstances are serious, it may revoke the approval number of the product.
Article 27 Whoever produces or sells cosmetics that do not meet the national hygiene standards for cosmetics shall have their products and illegal income confiscated, and may also be fined three to five times the illegal income.
Twenty-eighth in violation of other relevant provisions of this Ordinance, given a warning and ordered to make improvements within a time limit; If the circumstances are serious, the production enterprise may be ordered to stop production or revoke the hygiene license of the cosmetics production enterprise, the business unit may be ordered to suspend business, the illegal income shall be confiscated, and a fine of 2 to 3 times the illegal income may be imposed.
Article 29 The administrative punishment prescribed in these Regulations shall be decided by the administrative department of health at or above the county level. The administrative punishment for violating the provisions of Article 14 of these regulations on advertising management shall be decided by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
The punishment for revoking the hygiene license of a cosmetic production enterprise shall be decided by the health administrative department of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; The punishment for revoking the approval number of cosmetics for special use shall be decided by the administrative department of health of the State Council.
All fines and confiscated illegal income shall be turned over to the state treasury. Confiscated products shall be supervised and handled by the administrative department of health.
Thirtieth if a party refuses to accept the administrative punishment decision of the administrative department of health, he may apply for reconsideration to the administrative department of health at the next higher level within 05 days from the day after receiving the notice. The health administrative department at the next higher level shall give a reply within 30 days. If a party refuses to accept the reconsideration decision of the health administrative department at the next higher level, it may bring a lawsuit to the people's court within 05 days from the day after receiving the notice of reconsideration. However, the penalty decision made by the health administrative department to confiscate the products and order the production to stop must be implemented immediately. If a party refuses to carry out the punishment decision and fails to bring a lawsuit within the time limit, the health administrative department may apply to the people's court for compulsory execution.
Thirty-first violation of these regulations caused personal injury or poisoning accidents, production enterprises, business units or persons directly responsible shall be liable for compensation.
Causing serious consequences and constituting a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated by judicial organs according to law.
Article 32 A cosmetic hygiene supervisor who abuses his power, engages in malpractices for personal gain or divulges technical information provided by an enterprise shall be given administrative sanctions by the administrative department of health, and if serious consequences are caused and a crime is constituted, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated by judicial organs according to law.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 33 The sanitary supervision of cosmetics produced in the market by the subordinate units of China People's Liberation Army shall be implemented in accordance with these regulations.
Article 34 The administrative department of health of the State Council shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations; The detailed rules for implementation shall be formulated by the administrative department of health of the State Council.
Article 35 These Regulations shall come into force as of 1990 65438+ 10/day. [4]
Variety classification
Classification by effect
Cleaning type: used to clean the skin;
Skin care: cleaning cream, facial cleanser, shower gel, shampoo, conditioner, shaving cream and other cosmetics.
Basic type: the basic treatment of hair in front of makeup. This kind of cosmetics, such as various creams, honey, lotions, masks, hair creams, hair gels and other hair fixatives;
Beauty type: used to beautify face and hair. This kind of cosmetics refers to rouge, lipstick, eye shadow, perm, hair care, color fixation and other supplies;
Therapeutic type: daily necessities between medicine and cosmetics. Such as coolant, deodorant, hair tonic, depilatory, hair dye, insect repellent, olive essence and other cosmetics.
Classification by purpose
Cosmetics for skin: refers to cosmetics for face and skin. This kind of cosmetics, such as various creams, bath agents, etc. ;
Hair cosmetics: refers to hair cosmetics. This kind of cosmetics such as shampoo, mousse, hair spray, etc.
Beauty cosmetics: mainly refers to facial beauty products, including nail and hair beauty products;
Cosmetics with special functions: refers to cosmetics added with drugs with special functions.
Classification by dosage form
Liquids: facial cleanser, shower gel, shampoo, make-up water, perfume, facial cleanser, makeup remover, essence, stock solution, etc.
Emulsion: honey, milk, hair care milk, essence milk;
Cream: moisturizing cream, foundation cream, shampoo, concealer, baking cream, essence cream and pre-makeup cream;
Powder: perfume powder, talcum powder, loose powder, clean flour and honey powder;
Block: powder cake, blush powder, lipstick, hair wax;
Oiliness: cleansing oil, skin oil, hair oil and essential oil.
Classification by object
Cosmetics for babies: babies have delicate skin and weak resistance. When preparing, we should choose raw materials with low irritation, and the essence should also choose excellent products with low irritation.
Cosmetics for teenagers: Teenagers' skin is in the development stage, and the skin condition is unstable, which makes them prone to acne. We can choose raw materials that regulate sebum secretion to prepare weak oily cosmetics.
Ladies' cosmetics: the choice of ladies' cosmetics should be considered according to their skin condition and age. Generally speaking, dry skin should choose moisturizing cosmetics, oily skin should choose refreshing and penetrating cosmetics; It is best to choose protective cosmetics before the age of 20, and choose cosmetics with dual functions of protection and moisturizing at the age of 20-30. After the age of 30, you should choose cosmetics such as anti-aging and wrinkle removal.
Cosmetics for men: men are mostly fat skins, so raw materials suitable for fat skins should be selected. Shaving cream and aftershave are men's cosmetics.
Cosmetics for pregnant women: During pregnancy, due to the increase of estrogen and lutein secretion, the energy of skin self-protection and repair is not enough to cope with the increasing melanin production, which leads to the increase of melanin and the deepening of skin pigment. At this time, the skin is most afraid of ultraviolet rays and radiation, which will quickly crush the skin's defense ability, let the skin's energy plummet, and let the pregnancy spots precipitate on the face at any time. At the same time, the attenuated skin energy can not resist the threat of the decline of skin water storage capacity and cell metabolism capacity, leading to water shortage and cell metabolism. Therefore, pay special attention to skin care during pregnancy.
Classification by function
Cosmetics can be divided into ordinary cosmetics (also known as non-special cosmetics) and special cosmetics according to their functions.
Ordinary cosmetics:
(1) General hairdressing products:
Hair oil, hair wax, hair cream, hair dew and hair gel.
(2) General skin care products:
1, general skin care products: skin cream, lotion, oil, lotion, body freshener, bath lotion.
2. Skin care products that are easy to touch eyes: eye skin care products, masks, facial cleanser.
(3) General cosmetics:
1. General cosmetics: foundation, powder cake, rouge, body makeup.
2. Eye makeup: eyebrow painting, eye shadow, eyelids, eye hair and eye makeup removal.
3. Lip protection and lip makeup: lip protection, lip gloss oil, plain lipstick and lip liner.
(4) Generally refers to nail products: repair, coloring, cleaning and bleaching.
(5) General aromatic products: perfume and toilet water.
Special cosmetics
Cosmetics for hair care, hair dyeing, perming, hair removal, breast enhancement, bodybuilding, deodorization, freckle removal and sun protection belong to special cosmetics.
1. Hair-care cosmetics refer to cosmetics that help hair growth and reduce hair loss and hair breakage.
2. Hair dyeing cosmetics refer to cosmetics that can change the color of hair.
3. Perm cosmetics refer to cosmetics that can change the curvature of hair and keep it relatively stable.
4. Hair removal cosmetics refer to cosmetics that can reduce and eliminate body hair.
5. Breast health cosmetics refer to cosmetics that help breast bodybuilding.
6. Bodybuilding cosmetics refer to cosmetics that help to make the body fit.
7. Deodorizing cosmetics refer to cosmetics that help eliminate underarm odor.
8. Freckle-removing cosmetics refer to cosmetics used to reduce pigmentation of skin epidermis.
9. Sunscreen cosmetics refer to cosmetics that can absorb ultraviolet rays and reduce the harm of sun exposure to the skin. [5]
Action effect
Anti-aging effect of skin care products
Skin aging is universal, multifactorial, progressive, degenerative and endogenous. In the structure and physiological function of skin, the thickness of epidermis increases, and severe atrophy or hyperplasia can occur in different parts. Keratinocytes and melanocytes have certain nuclear atypia.
Anti-aging principle:
The effects of anti-aging active substances include: scavenging free radicals; Increase cell proliferation rate; Delay the degradation rate of extracellular matrix, so anti-aging cosmetics need to choose excellent skin care agents to supplement enough nutrition to the skin to achieve deep nutrition. At the same time, it is also necessary to slow down the loss of skin moisture and protect the skin.
Efficient sun protection: Sun exposure is an important reason for accelerating skin aging. Therefore, sun protection and ultraviolet protection are essential products of anti-aging cosmetics.
Deep moisturizing: Although there are many factors that promote skin aging, the water content of skin is the main factor to keep skin soft and elastic and prevent aging.
Inhibit the activity of protein poisoning and increase the synthesis of protein: The skin is composed of collagen and elastin, and the state of the skin depends on the loss of protein and the ability of cells in the skin to synthesize protein. Elastin degradation and degeneration after degradation will lead to skin aging symptoms such as elasticity loss, relaxation and wrinkles. Therefore, delaying the degradation rate of elastin is also one of the principles of anti-aging cosmetics design.
Scavenging free radicals: From the mechanism of skin aging, we can see that skin aging is related to the weakening of antioxidant function and the increase of free radicals in the body. Therefore, scavenging free radicals has become a research hotspot of anti-aging cosmetics.
Skin care products definitely play a vital role in maintaining your skin, so they are definitely useful.