Nanometer is a tiny unit of length, and 1 nanometer is equal to 1 billionth of a meter. A human hair is 70,000 to 80,000 nanometers. The term nanotechnology appears in 1974. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are at 0. The motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in 10 to 100 nanometer space are studied. Nano-materials are an important part of nanotechnology, and also a hot and difficult point in international competition. Since carbon nanotubes were discovered in 199 1, they have been considered as future materials. The strength of carbon nanotubes is about 100 times that of steel, and its heat transfer performance is superior to all other known materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have good electrical conductivity, and hardly produce resistance when conducting at room temperature. Nano-ceramic materials can be as soft as plasticine at the high temperature of 1600 degrees Celsius and can bend freely at room temperature. From 1998, the world's first nano-transistor, to 100 nano-chip in 199, the "nano-fever" that appeared in the world at the end of the 20th century further warmed up.

China once occupied a place in the field of nanotechnology and was in the international advanced ranks. We have successfully prepared a variety of nano-materials including metals, alloys, oxides, hydrides, carbides, ionic crystals and semiconductors, synthesized a variety of coaxial nano-cables, mastered the technology of preparing pure carbon nanotubes, and can prepare ultra-long nanotubes with a length of 2 to 3 mm in large quantities. The diameter of the finest carbon nanotubes synthesized is only 0. 33 nm, not only broke the recent creation of China scientists with a diameter of only 0. 5 nm, and broke through Japanese scientist 1.992. The theoretical limit of 4 nanometers. The article "Carbon tetrachloride turns straw into gold diamond" received rave reviews. Recently, a new nano-material-superhydrophobic interface material has been successfully developed. This material is super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic, and can be made into oil-free and washing-free textiles.

The application prospect of nanotechnology is very broad, and the economic benefit is very huge. American authorities predict that the nanotechnology market will reach144 billion dollars in 20 10, and the application of nanotechnology will far exceed the computer industry in the future. Nano-composite, modification of plastics, rubber and fiber, design and application of nano-functional coating materials will inject new high-tech content into traditional production and products. Experts pointed out that a "material revolution" triggered by nanotechnology will inevitably occur in the fields of textiles, building materials, chemicals, petroleum, automobiles, military equipment and communication equipment. At present, nearly 65,438+000 companies in China have registered nanomaterials and nanotechnology, and more than 65,438+00 production lines for nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been established. Nano-fabrics and clothing have been mass-produced, such as computer work clothes, anti-static clothes, anti-ultraviolet clothes and so on. The new coating with nanotechnology not only improves the washability by more than ten times, but also is nontoxic, harmless and odorless. A nano-CD can store hundreds of movies, while an ordinary CD can only store two movies. Nanotechnology is improving and improving people's quality of life.