First, the role of preschool children's physical examination
1. To know whether the growth, development and nutritional status of children meet the normal indicators.
2. When abnormal physical development is found, the cause can be found out in time and corrected or treated on the spot.
3. Early detection of children's physical traps and certain diseases, so as to correct them in time, such as poor eyesight in eyes and poor hearing in ears, can only be treated as soon as possible, such as unclear language and "stuttering", and the sooner the correction effect is better.
4. If you find mental defects, you can find out the reasons as soon as possible and give appropriate treatment and education. If mental retardation (mild) is only caused by environmental influence or improper education, children can live with normal children of the same age, and with appropriate counseling, they will soon be comparable to normal children.
Two, the four key points of preschool infant physical examination
The physical and mental development of children aged 3 ~ 6 is closely related to the senses, vision and hearing. Therefore, in the physical examination of children, it is particularly important to check whether their vision and hearing are normal, and to test their ability to recognize objects, colors and audio-visual.
Children's physical examination focuses on monitoring their growth and development, and finding abnormal physical and intellectual development in time. Children's physical examination has several unique items and key points, such as lead content, trace elements, bone age, intelligence level, listening test and so on.
Critical point 1: lead content
Lead is the only trace element that the human body does not need, which affects intelligence and bone development, causes indigestion and anemia, and destroys renal function and immune function. Even if there is 0.0 1 microgram of lead in human body, it will do harm to health. Therefore, the most important thing for children's physical examination is to measure lead.
Focus 2: Hemoglobin
Anemic children are often 2 ~ 10 cm shorter than normal children of the same age, mostly because of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency will reduce children's immunity, affect cognitive ability, and lead children to behave strangely and hyperactively.
Focus 3: Zinc, Calcium and Magnesium
80% of children with zinc below the normal level 1/2 have severe developmental retardation. Therefore, zinc intake is very important for children to grow taller. Calcium and magnesium are also essential trace elements, which complement each other and promote development. Calcium deficiency and hypercalcemia will affect growth and development, and even cause diseases. Therefore, calcium can't be supplemented casually, and it must be supplemented according to the doctor's advice after testing.
Focus 4: Bone age determination
It mainly analyzes the height potential and development of children according to X-rays. According to scientific research, the development of children's bone age tends to advance, which will seriously affect his height and figure, causing him to stop growing when he is 16 years old. Therefore, the determination of bone age during physical examination is also essential.
Third, what problems can be prevented by regular physical examination?
After giving the child a comprehensive physical examination, doctors and parents can make early intervention on the child's diseases and risk factors according to the physical examination results:
1, replant the vaccine.
Vaccination is concentrated in infancy, which is often neglected once children go to school. Some vaccines need to be strengthened. For example, through inspection, it can be determined whether the level of hepatitis B surface antibody in children has dropped, and if it has dropped, it needs to be replanted.
2, amblyopia treatment can not miss the critical period.
The treatment of amblyopia in children must be started from an early age. If you miss the critical period of treatment, it will be irreparable, and it is difficult for parents to find their children's amblyopia in their lives. Only through physical examination can we find out.
3. Early scoliosis can be treated by non-surgery.
Scoliosis is a common disease in children. If it is found early, non-surgical treatment can be taken to alleviate the child's pain.
4. Weight control of obese children should start from the early stage.
Nowadays, parents know that their children are too fat, but how to be overweight and lose weight still needs the guidance of doctors. Because children are in the period of growth and development, the weight loss effect of children is not the same as that of adults. However, the smaller the chubby child, the better, because obesity will affect the child's intellectual development.
5, early detection of children's psychological problems.
Through psychological examination, we can find the problems of "problem children" and give them a healthy psychology through psychological consultation and communication.