Editor-in-Chief of Chinese Dictionary: Zou Huaqing

Publishing House: Sichuan Dictionary Publishing House and Hubei Dictionary Publishing House (all eight volumes) (16 deluxe hardcover)

Pricing: 1990.00 yuan

The Chinese Dictionary contains about 20 million words, including more than 56,000 regular script words. Almost all Chinese characters appearing in ancient and modern documents and books can be found out from them. It is the largest Chinese dictionary in the world, with the largest number of Chinese characters and the most complete definitions. More than 300 experts, scholars and teachers in Sichuan and Hubei provinces, after 10 years of hard work, compiled a large-scale Chinese special reference book aimed at explaining the shape, sound and meaning of Chinese characters.

Highest honor:

National Book Award, National Dictionary Award and China Book Award.

National Excellent Bestseller Award and National Book "Golden Key" Award

* * * was listed in the permanent bibliography of People's Republic of China (PRC) and won the first prize of layout design in the western region.

It has been compiled into the "kiness World Book" by the United Nations, and it is the "best in the world" of Chinese dictionaries in today's world.

The most authoritative:

This book is highly valued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. This was agreed by Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping and specially instructed by Hu Yaobang. This is a truly national project, with famous linguists Lv Shuxiang and Wang Li as academic consultants. 1978 was listed as the national key scientific research project of cultural construction in the State Council, and 1983 was officially listed as the national key scientific research project of philosophy and social sciences in the Sixth Five-Year Plan.

Maximum scale:

After more than ten years of ups and downs, the compilation of The Great Chinese Dictionary has been soaked with the painstaking efforts of more than 300 workers in Sichuan and Hubei provinces, and it is one of the largest lexicographers in the history of China.

The most complete comment:

This Chinese dictionary contains more than 56,000 Chinese characters. In terms of glyphs, in addition to regular script, each character entry also includes Oracle Bone Inscriptions, inscriptions on bronze, seal script and official script. In pronunciation, it not only notes the modern standard sound, but also marks the rhyme of ancient times and the anti-tangent of middle ages; In terms of word meaning, on the basis of paying attention to common meanings, this paper also interprets the meanings of unusual meanings and unusual words, and lists the morpheme meanings in disyllabic words appropriately.

Latest model:

The publication of this book became an immortal milestone in the history of Chinese characters and dictionaries. Comparable to Kangxi dictionary, it shines with Shuo Wen Jie Zi and brilliant China dictionary. Become a model of dictionaries in the new century and a leader of similar dictionaries.

Best template:

The Grand Chinese Dictionary and Xinhua Dictionary are two authoritative dictionaries compiled by publishing departments in the 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. They are the best examples of Chinese characters in 2 1 century.

The most convenient:

Every word is arranged according to radicals, which respects people's habit of searching for words. All radicals of each volume and their initial page numbers in the text are marked on the spine of each volume, which makes retrieval more convenient and is an indispensable tool for people.

What are the editions of The Great Chinese Dictionary? What's the difference between content and form?

1. Eight volumes

1975, the state publishing bureau put forward the plan of compiling a Chinese dictionary at the national dictionary compilation and publication planning conference held in Guangzhou. With the consent of Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, it was decided that the publishing departments of Hubei and Sichuan provinces would organize relevant professionals to cooperate in the compilation. After nearly ten years of efforts by editors in Sichuan and Hubei provinces, the first draft was compiled by the famous scholar Xu Zhongshu in 1984 and finalized in 1985. The first volume was published in 1986 and eight volumes were published in 1990. Each volume is about 2 million words, totaling about 6.5438+0.5 million words.

Eight volumes is the earliest published version, the original and the mother, with the most complete content. The Chinese Dictionary pays attention to the close coordination of form, sound and meaning, and reflects the development and changes of form, sound and meaning of Chinese characters as historically and correctly as possible. In terms of glyphs, the representative Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Xiao Zhuan and Li Shu, which can reflect the physical evolution, are included under the single-character entry of regular script, and their structural evolution is briefly explained. Every body you receive is based on reliable objects or rubbings, and no second-hand or third-hand materials are used. In terms of pronunciation, pay attention to the modern pronunciation of the received regular script characters as much as possible, list the anti-tangent in the middle ages, and mark the rhyme of the ancient times. In terms of word meaning, we should not only pay attention to the common meanings of common words, but also pay attention to the uncommon meanings and common meanings of common words, and also include the morpheme meanings of disyllabic words appropriately. Accurate explanation, complete meaning and rich examples. With 54,678 words, this book is the dictionary with the largest number of Chinese characters in the world today. Chinese characters appearing in ancient and modern documents are all listed as prefixes without exception. According to the customary radical arrangement method, on the basis of the traditional 2 14 radicals, 200 radicals are deleted and merged. The text consists of seven volumes, each of which is preceded by a radical table of the Ministry, notes on radical arrangement, examples of comparison between old and new fonts, radical tables of each volume and a dictionary. The eighth volume is various appendices, partial tables, stroke dictionaries and addenda. In typesetting, complexity and simplification are mixed, simplified characters are used for interpretation and modern examples, and the rest are traditional characters.

Step 2 reduce printing

After the publication of the eight-volume edition, the academic community responded strongly and received rave reviews. However, too many volumes and huge volume also make it difficult to use in practice, inconvenient to consult, troublesome to collect and carry, and expensive, which is unbearable for ordinary readers. In view of this, in 1992, Hubei Dictionary Publishing House and Sichuan Dictionary Publishing House published condensed versions. The reduced version adopts photographic technology, that is, the font size is reduced according to the original version. Except for obvious errors in individual prefixes, the contents of the original text and the appendix are basically the same. Of course, due to the reduction of pages, the appendix "Stroke Checklist" has also been rearranged. So the condensed version is consistent with the eight-volume version in content. Through this external form of compression, 160 books are reduced, and 16 books are opened in a single volume, which is quite convenient to search.

3. Outline

Before the eight-volume edition was finalized, the lexicographer had considered the needs of ordinary readers and determined the principles and specific implementation plans for compiling the abridged edition. 1988 was written in the second half of the year, with Professor Li as the editor. The principles of compendium work are: shortening the length, maintaining the characteristics, correcting the mistakes and highlighting the practicality. According to this principle, on the basis of the original edition, the editor deleted the prefixes and meanings without ancient books, and * * * received about 2 1000 prefixes; The explanations of the word book and rhyme book, as well as most of the annotation materials and textual research words, are deleted, while the prefixes and meanings with the use cases of ancient books are retained, the main forms and explanations of ancient Chinese characters are retained, and three phonetic symbols (ancient rhyme department, medieval anti-tangent and modern phonetic reading) are retained. After compression, the length of the book is about 5 million words, and the content is reduced by about three quarters.

Although the abridged edition has been greatly compressed, it retains the characteristics of the original book well, and its reserved content is enough to meet the needs of ordinary literary and historical workers to solve the word barrier when reading and studying ancient documents. The greatest feature of A Chinese Dictionary is that it pays equal attention to both ancient and modern times and its origins, and it pays attention to combing the development clues of Chinese characters' shapes, sounds and meanings. The compilation pays great attention to the inheritance of this feature. When establishing the prefix, only the prefix of the document use case is reserved. For example, in the first painting, there were 10 prefixes, but only four prefixes "two" were retained in the abridged version, because only these four prefixes have document use cases, and the other six prefixes only exist in ancient books and rhymes such as Shuowen, Zheng Zitong, Guang Yun and Ji Yun, but there are no document use cases.

In terms of glyphs, some ancient glyphs and explanations that can reflect the evolution of the body are preserved. Taking the word "one" as an example, the original prefix "one" contains 15 ancient glyphs, while the abridged version only retains 6. It can be seen that the principles of collecting ancient Chinese characters in the two books are different: they are originally holding the attitude of preserving documents, and all fonts that can be checked in kind and verified are included; Based on the principle of reflecting the development track of glyphs, the abridged version selects the most typical glyphs. In the interpretation of glyphs, a lot of space has also been compressed. After the original reference to Shuowen, Duan Yucai's note and Xu Hao's note were quoted, and finally the editor's note. In the abridged version, paragraph notes and Xu Jian were deleted.

The phonetic aspect is the place where the abridged version inherits the most from the original, and completely retains three phonetic paragraphs of the original.

There is not much compression in meaning, because the meanings included in the original works are generally based on documents, and having a document basis is an important principle for the compilation of abridged versions. Under the prefix "one", there are 20 senses in the original column and 19 senses in the compendium, with little difference.

Based on the principle of practicality, the appendix has also been simplified. Originally, there were *** 1 1 appendices. In the abridged version, only three appendices were retained, namely, a short list of words received by some dictionaries in past dynasties, a summary table of simplified characters and a scheme of Chinese Pinyin, and eight appendices with poor practicability were deleted, such as the phonological table of ancient Chinese characters, the phonological table of medieval Chinese characters and the bibliography of major Chinese dictionaries.

It is worth mentioning that the simplified version of the radical dictionary has to be rearranged because of too many prefixes. The abridged edition also has 200 radicals. However, the page number indicated on the right side of each radical is not the page number of the radical in the radical dictionary, but the page number of the radical in the text, which makes it difficult for readers to look up words in the dictionary. This is a small mistake in the abridged version.

Generally speaking, the abridged edition is a major transformation of the original content, which makes this largest and most comprehensive dictionary in history unload the "most" burden, simplify the length, highlight the practicality, and is full and practical for ordinary readers.

The abridged edition was published in 1996, with a print run of 143 sheets, 16 pages and a single volume.

4. Three volumes (original)

1995, a three-volume Chinese Dictionary was published. Based on the original edition, this edition has appropriately abridged the appendix of the original eight-volume edition, and made necessary corrections to the errors in the form, sound and meaning of individual prefixes, with no change in content. The purpose and function of the three-volume book is equivalent to a reduced version, which is intended to change the appearance and shape of the book by compressing the layout and make it convenient for readers to use.

5. Three volumes (abridged version)

In addition to the original three-volume edition, the abridged edition has also been published in three volumes. The abridged version published by 1996 is a single volume. In April 2000, the press revised the abridged edition. The content and layout remain unchanged, and it is still published as 16, but the binding form is changed from one volume to three volumes.

6. pocket edition

The characteristic of "pocket" is small, which does not affect the formal restoration of the original content. Therefore, the pocket edition follows a different publishing idea from the abridged edition to compress the abridged edition. Pocket edition, based on popularization and practicality, deletes the glyph and etymological explanation, deletes the ancient sound and the medieval sound, and only retains the modern sound; Simplifies the definition and examples, generally leaving only simple and clear examples for a meaning, and some even have no examples. All explanations and examples are typeset in simplified Chinese characters. After these adaptations, the number of words in the pocket edition has been reduced to 3.5 million words. On the other hand, the pocket edition retains the characteristics of "the most complete collection of words" in The Great Chinese Dictionary, and all the prefixes and meanings of the dictionary, which fully embodies the characteristics of "dictionary storing words and definitions". Published in Pocket Edition1999,32 format, Quan Yi Volume.

7. Four-volume edition

In 2000, the publishing house published a four-volume Chinese Dictionary. Like the three volumes, the four volumes are reprinted with the film of the original eight volumes, only a few obvious mistakes have been dug up and changed, and the other contents remain unchanged. The four-volume book is beautifully bound and made of paper, which complements the contents of the dictionary and has good use and collection value.

8. Popular version

Although the publication of abridged and pocket editions has successfully slimmed down the Chinese Dictionary and greatly enhanced its practicability and utilization rate, it is still profound and professional for readers with secondary education or below. For example, the abridged version still retains a large number of ancient Chinese characters, the ancient and medieval sounds of each word, and too many uncommon words and meanings. Unusual examples abound, and every example with the earliest meaning must be listed first. The text inherits the tradition of Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi, and is sorted by radicals. However, for modern readers who have widely accepted the word order search method, pocket edition's practice of retaining all prefixes and meanings is obviously one-sided. These problems have affected the popularity of Chinese Dictionary, a cultural treasure, among readers below secondary education level.

In view of these practical problems, the publishing house launched the Popular Chinese Dictionary in 2003. The idea of writing the popular version is: shortening the length, being easy to consult, being economical and practical, and focusing on popularization.

The "Popular Edition" has reduced the number of prefixes to about 20,000, deleted ancient Chinese characters, storytelling, anti-cutting in the Middle Ages, and ancient rhyme, and directly marked each prefix with modern pronunciation. At the same time, the meaning of pronunciation and explanation without examples, as well as less common meanings, have been deleted. A sememe basically keeps only one instance and deletes other instances. Through these four aspects, the total number of words is about 6.5438+0.6 million, which is only one third of the abridged version.

In typesetting, the popular version has also made two major changes: the text sorting method has been changed from the original radical sorting method to the prefix pinyin sorting method, which is suitable for the retrieval habits of modern readers; Change the complex and simple mixed arrangement into simplified Chinese typesetting. Volkswagen edition 32 carats, hardcover.

Through the above efforts, the popular edition has condensed the essence of The Great Chinese Dictionary, making it affordable and useful for readers, and making the Great Chinese Dictionary, a "swallow of experts and scholars", really "fly into the homes of ordinary people".

Looking at the characteristics and changes of the above-mentioned editions of The Chinese Dictionary, we can see that although there are as many as eight editions of The Chinese Dictionary, only three changes and adjustments have been made in its content, namely, abridged edition, pocket edition and popular edition, which are gradually simplified according to the order of eight volumes-abridged edition-popular edition, while other editions have not changed in their content. The eight-volume edition, the reduced edition, the original three-volume edition and the four-volume edition belong to the same series, and the contents are exactly the same, but the binding forms are different. The abridged edition and the three abridged editions are exactly the same, and the cover of both books is marked with the words "abridged edition" next to the main title. Pocket edition and popular edition are quite different from other editions in content and form. The folio has become a 32-page format, and the title of the book is also marked with the words "pocket edition" and "popular edition" The above versions can be found in bookstores except for eight volumes, and readers can choose the appropriate version according to their own needs.

Kangxi Dictionary is the largest dictionary with the largest number of Chinese characters in the world. It is a far-reaching dictionary of Chinese characters, which was compiled by more than 30 famous scholars such as Zhang Yushu and Chen Tingjing, the great scholars of Wenhua Temple in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty.

The compilation of this book began in the forty-ninth year of Kangxi (17 1 1) and was completed in the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi (17 16), which lasted six years. The dictionary is divided into twelve volumes, arranged by 2 14 radicals and marked by twelve branches. Each volume is divided into upper, middle and lower volumes, and * * * contains 47035 Chinese characters, which is one of the main references for studying Chinese characters.

This book is supplemented and expanded according to Mei's Dictionary of Ming Dynasty and Zhang Zilie's Zhengzitong, with addenda and reference notes, including rare words and incomplete words. There are some mistakes in the interpretation of phonetic symbols in the book. Later, Wang wrote Textual Research on Kangxi Dictionary, and corrected 2588 citation errors.

The cheapest time is the ancient Chinese dictionary.

You can also consult some teachers who are engaged in ancient linguistics in China.

But now many teachers don't understand the old sound.

It's best to find someone who can write ancient poems to learn.

These people all know the four tones of "Ping, Shang, Qu and Ru" in ancient Chinese.

Will know the pronunciation of some ancient and modern words

If necessary, I can help you interpret the questions you don't understand!