When the yacon is sown, the seedlings can be cleaned with clear water, and the magazines on the surface can be removed. Then, the yacon is soaked in an appropriate amount of potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes, wiped clean after being taken out, and placed in a cool and moderately large environment for about 1-2 days.
Planting method of yacon:
1. Seed selection: To plant yacon, you should choose good bulbs or seedlings, which should be full and complete, with bright red color, strong oil green and no disease or damage.
2. Planting time: It is best to cut the yacon and plant it. After cutting the yacon, there are 3 ~ 4 buds left, and the direct broadcast should be before April 15. It is best to cover the seeds with plastic film at the end of March. If it is possible to build a small arch shed, the time can be advanced. Seedling raising in nutrient pots should be carried out in early March, and transplanted to the field in time for watering after entering the frost breaking period. The earlier planting, the higher the yield, and the yield of yacon planted in May-June decreased obviously.
3. Land preparation and ridging: Choose sandy loam with convenient irrigation and drainage, not low-lying sandy loam. Ditching according to the row spacing of 0.8 ~ 1 m, and uniformly applying 2000 kg of fully decomposed human and animal manure and 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu at one time. Then ridging (also called raising soil moisture), and then raising the soil during intertillage to increase the daily temperature difference of the soil and promote fruit expansion.
4. Seedling raising and transplanting: after the root buds germinate in late February, cut off the root buds, each bud is 1 ~ 2, wrap the wound with plant ash, bag the seedlings, water them, cover the film, and uncover the film when long roots appear. You can't water more at seedling stage, as long as you keep the soil moist. In late March and early April, the seedlings can be transplanted when they grow to a height of about 10 cm, and sufficient root-fixing water is poured when transplanting. You can also sow directly in the field by direct seeding.
5. Planting density: per mu 1, 000 ~ 1, 200 plants, plant spacing of 0.6 m, row spacing 1m, planted in the air between rows. After ploughing, ridges can be planted according to specifications, and planting pits can also be dug for planting. The specifications of the planting pit are 50 cm× 50 cm and the depth is 40 cm. After covering the soil for 30 cm, apply 3 ~ 5 kg of decomposed agricultural fertilizer and 0. 15 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer, mix well with the topsoil, and then plant seedlings in the pit.
6. Mid-term management: water the yacon in time after transplanting to ensure the survival rate. After entering the rainy season, the drainage ditch should be dug to avoid being flooded or waterlogged. Do a good job in intertillage weeding, weeding and ridging. In principle, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not applied during the whole growth period, and weak seedlings can be watered with manure and biogas manure. In July and August, when the branches are too long and too many, pruning and pruning should be carried out in combination with soil cultivation, and the branches that are too dense should be knocked out, and they should be deeply beaten in the early stage, and only topped in the later stage, so as to control the flourishing growth of the aboveground parts and keep the strong branches around 10 ~ 12.
7. Post-management: In September, the yacon will enter the flowering stage, with 5 yellow sunflowers per branch, which will enter the mature stage after flower failure, and will be harvested one after another after all branches fail.
8. Dig in time: The sign of the maturity of the underground fruit of Yacon is that the bunches of small yellow flowers at the tip of the stem wither around 10, and then you can dig. It should be excavated and stored indoors or in a cellar before freezing. Can be preserved like sweet potatoes, and the stalks can be used as high-quality feed. Leaves, flowers and fruits have high nutritional value and can be dried to make tea or sold. Planting about 1000 plants per mu, the average yield per plant is about 3 kg, and the highest yield per plant can reach 10 kg.
9. Keep the seeds: After digging the yacon, cut off the seeds on the upper part of the fruit, dry the wound, soak it in 75% potassium permanganate solution for 2 minutes, take it out, put the bud eyes up, and store it in the shade of the heel with a wet sand pad. In February of the following year, when the buds grow to about 4cm, they can be planted (depending on the local temperature).