[Test playback] (Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, 2003 test questions)
Three, classical Chinese reading (***22 points. Questions 20 and 2 1 have 3 points each and 4 points each)
Read the following paragraph and complete questions 20-25.
[1] Yan Zili Chu. The Chu people called it "short for" and "extended for", because the small gate is on the edge of the city gate. Yan Zi refused to go in and said, "Let the dog country go in through the dog door. I am an envoy of Chu, so I can't enter this door. " It's best to enter through the gate.
When he met the king of Chu, the king of Chu said, "Is there no one here? Let children become ambassadors. " Yan Zi said to him, "Qi's face is 300 meters long, overcast and sweaty, standing side by side with him. Why is there no one? The king said, "But what is a special envoy? Yan Zi said to him, "Qi Ming makes everyone have his own master, his saints make virtuous masters, and those who are immoral make immoral masters, and babies are the most immoral, so he makes Chu. "
[b] Higher than Yan Zi, Yan Zi is one by one. The left and right remonstrated, saying, "In the past two or three years, your master has never been dismissed with a title. What is the significance? " Yan Zi said, "A poor and ugly person can become straight after four dimensions. This son has worked for me for three years and has never been jealous of me, so he is one by one. "
Note: (1) Official: It used to be called an official. (2) Serving the host: serving Yan Zi. ⑶ Ugliness: narrow and shallow. (4) Dimension: maintenance. Extended assistance. 5]: Correct.
20. One of the incorrect explanations about adding words in the following sentences is: .................................... ().
A. extending Yan zi (introduction) is a small door on the side of gate b, which can mean (obligation)
C. So, I did Chu Yi (had to, had to) D. Yan Zi chased (him, meaning Gao Guang) one by one.
The word "yes" added in the last sentence of 2 1. has the same meaning as the word "yes" in "all orders are taken".
A. Yan zi makes Chu B. makes the dog country enter C. makes the son make D. makes the corrupt Lord
22. Translate the following two classical Chinese sentences in modern Chinese.
(1) But what is a special envoy?
(2) This son has worked for me for three years and has never been jealous of me, so he is one by one.
23.[A] Why did the King of Chu say, "The building is empty?" ? Let the children become ambassadors "
[B] Why does the word "left and right" in the text think it is unfair to look up to others?
24. Why did Yan Zi say that he was a "black sheep"?
[B] Why does Wen Yanzi call himself a "poor man"?
25. What kind of person is Yan Zi from [A] [B]?
[Comparative reading method]
The basic method of comparative reading is "seeking common ground in differences and seeking differences in similarities". Seeking common ground in differences means finding out the similarities between the two texts and revealing the general rules through comparative reading, identification, screening and refining; Seeking differences from the same is to start with the phenomenon, analyze and dissect the materials, find out their respective expressions, find out their respective personalities and reveal their respective personality characteristics. Candidates can stimulate the creativity of thinking in comparative reading. Comparative reading is a rather complicated process of positive thinking. Students can take the exam in three steps:
1. Read the oral and written paragraphs carefully and grasp the main contents of the oral and written paragraphs as a whole. Read the full text first, and make clear the time, place, people, events and the author's point of view. Then exclude the names of people, places and officials that do not need to be translated, and analyze their relationships in order to understand them more accurately.
2. Carefully analyze the requirements of the topic and compare the contents, read the relevant texts repeatedly, and carry out "seeking common ground while reserving differences" or "seeking differences in the same" item by item. Comparison should be based on paragraphs, topics and writers' works. For example, when answering the word meaning, sentence meaning and usage, we should start with the relevant sentence analysis and the examination point of the test questions to find the breakthrough point of the answer. At the same time, we should pay attention to the correlation between paragraph source, notes and alternative answers, and find a breakthrough. This can make things simple and get twice the result with half the effort.
3. Contact the full text, analyze it as a whole, and express the results of comparative reading in accurate language according to the requirements of the topic. Try to use the original sentence when answering questions. And pay attention to the transmission, expansion and innovation of knowledge.
[Problem-solving ideas]
20 questions and 2 1 questions are accumulation questions, which examine the accumulated knowledge of classical Chinese and understand the meaning of content words in classical Chinese. To explain the notional words in classical Chinese, we must consider the differences of meaning between ancient and modern times and the polysemy of words, and understand them in connection with the upper and lower sentences. These two questions are multiple-choice questions. You should learn to exclude unqualified options by exclusion first.
Question 22 is a translation question. The translation of classical Chinese should follow three principles: "faithfulness" (being faithful to the content of the original text and the meaning of each sentence), "expressiveness" (the translated modern text should have clear meaning, fluent language and undistorted tone) and "elegance" (accurately expressing the content, form and style of the original text with concise, beautiful and literary modern text). The translation methods are ① "stay" (keep proper nouns, country names, year numbers, names of people, things, places and titles, etc. Don't translate), ② Complement (make up the omitted components that should be supplemented), ③ Delete (delete untranslated words), ④ Change (replace ancient words with modern ones), ④ Tone.
Questions 23 and 24 are reading comprehension questions, which examine the understanding of key sentences and keywords in the article. To understand the meaning of a word or sentence in an article, we must closely follow the theme of the whole article, make clear the author's writing intention, and make clear the speaker's context and purpose. For example, Question 23 [A] The context in which the King of Chu spoke was: He told the short Yanzi in front of him after his plan to let Yanzi enter through the small door and humiliate Yanzi failed. If we contact the weak background of Chu Guoqiang and Qi State at that time, the accuracy of answering questions will be high. If you can answer in the original sentence, try to answer in the original sentence, such as question 23 [B].
The 25 th reading evaluation question is the evaluation of the characters in the text. To evaluate a character, we must combine the words and deeds of the character, screen the important information in the article, and grasp the author's views and attitudes in the article. Obviously, the authors of the two articles have a positive attitude towards Yan Zi's words and deeds and expressed their praise. Wen Jia is more important than Yan Zi's "external" speaking art, while Yi Wen is more important than Yan Zi's "internal" employing art.
[Reference Answer] 20. B 2 1。 C 22。 (1) In this case, why did you send you as a special envoy? Now he has served me for three years and has not corrected my fault. He should be dismissed. 23. [A] Wen: The King of Chu intentionally and maliciously insulted Qi Guohe. [b] Wen: I have been a teacher for three years and have never been a title. 24. [A] Text: It is said that the King of Chu is incompetent in virtue and political integrity (or refutes and insults the King of Chu). [B] Text: It is intended to accuse Gao Wen of not helping himself well (or explain the reasons for dismissing Gao Wen). 25. He is eloquent, resourceful, with clear rewards and punishments and proper appointment and removal.
[Ability improvement exercise]
Read the following two paragraphs and complete 1-6.
[Answer] There are Bole and Maxima in the world. A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is only humiliated by a slave, and it is not called a thousand miles to die in a trough.
A horse can walk a thousand miles, but he can eat a stone at a time. A horse eater doesn't know that he can travel thousands of miles and still eat. This is a horse. Although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles, it looks beautiful only because of lack of food and physical strength, and it is impossible to wait with an ordinary horse. Why not ask it to travel thousands of miles?
If you don't follow the way, you can't make the best use of it, but if you sing it, you can't understand its meaning. If it is implemented, we must face it and say, "There are no horses in the world!" Alas, is it really innocent? I really don't know anything about horses.
(Han Yu "Ma Shuo")
[B] Some sell good horses, but it's hard to know. He went to see Bole and said, "I have a good horse to sell, and I am not ashamed to stand better in the market than Sandan." I hope my son will watch and take care of it. I also want to present a gift. "
Bole is still watching. Take care of it. At one time, the price of a horse was ten times.
("The Warring States Policy Yance II")
[Note] ① Comparison: continuous, successive. Minister: In the pre-Qin period, people sometimes humbly called themselves "ministers".
(3) Also: sound and meaning revolve around "Xuan", which is round and round. (4) in the morning, also refers to a day.
1. Explain the words with "△" in the following sentences.
Only (1) can see beauty () (2) I wish my son would come back ()
△ △
(3) Don't take it a thousand miles (4) Take care of it (4)
△ △
2. Write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese.
(1) It really doesn't understand horses.
(2) than three denier in the city, mo yan.
3.[A] The second paragraph explains the root cause of the burial of Maxima.
[b] The article introduces the reason why this good horse is "ten times the price of a horse at a time".
In fact, all this proves the viewpoint put forward in [A] and shows the importance of Bole.
We often use the metaphor of "a swift horse".
5. What inspiration did you get from these two short articles? Please talk about your deepest feelings.
[Reference Answer] 1, (1) Pass on "Now", which means that (2) you (3) use (4) instead of "Horse" 2, (1) (Actually) he doesn't know Maxima. (2) Stay in the market for three consecutive days, and no one asks. 3. [A] People who eat horses don't know that they can eat thousands of miles. [b] Bole just looks back and takes care of it. /There are Bole and Maxima in the world. 4. Talented people. Or talent 6. Explain that you should be good at discovering talents and selecting talents; Explain the importance of authority; Don't blindly worship authority, pay attention to practice and so on.