medical science
Classification of diet pills
The mechanism of action of various diet pills can be roughly divided into the following four types.
1, appetite suppressant
(1) Amphetamines and their analogues, including benzyl methamphetamine, amfepramone, dextroamphetamine and phenylbutylamine. \
(2) Fenfluramine, Dexfenfluramine and their compound preparations.
(3) Indole and its derivatives, such as indole and imidazole indole.
2. Drugs that increase energy consumption
(5) Central stimulants, theophylline and caffeine.
(6)BRL2683 0A, B RL284 10, BRL35 135A and BRL37344. ICI 198 157 and its derivative ICID7 144 are thermogenic agents with few adverse reactions.
(7) hormones
3. Drugs that inhibit intestinal digestion and absorption
(8) Lipase inhibitors
Side effects of diet pills
The main side effects of diet pills are always wanting to go to the toilet, being particularly excited at night, not wanting to sleep, lying in bed unable to sleep, dizziness, headache and even some palpitations. They are too thirsty to sleep, just like eating their stomachs.
Diet pills are a popular way to lose weight. When you want to lose weight easily, you can't help trying them. However, don't be fooled by exaggerated advertising effects, which may lead to good health.
These ingredients must be avoided.
1. diuretic: dehydration is used to temporarily lose weight, but it has the illusion of reducing fat, but the weight will increase after stopping using it. But it will be accompanied by vomiting, dizziness, weakness and other problems that lead to renal function damage.
2. laxatives: diarrhea will reduce appetite. As long as you stop taking it, your weight will return. Regular use will not only damage the function of gastrointestinal tract, but also cause problems such as loose intestine and poor blood.
3. Expansive agent: mainly refined protein, which can make the stomach full and not want to eat, but it is easy to lead to vitamin and nutrient deficiency and malnutrition. In particular, excessive use will thicken the blood vessel wall and cause problems such as hypertension, diabetes and stenosis.
The harm of sibutramine, a banned ingredient in diet pills, sibutramine is a central nervous system inhibitor, which has the effects of excitement and food inhibition.
1997, sibutramine was approved for marketing by FDA. At that time, Abbott's weight loss product "Nometine" with sibutramine as the main component was first listed in Mexico.
In 2005, the European Union listed "Nometine" as a "warning drug", saying that it may cause many risks such as stroke. In 2007, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan reminded people to use weight-loss products containing sibutramine hydrochloride with caution.
The European Commission for Medicines for Human Use (CHMP) said that sibutramine may increase the risk of heart disease and stroke for users, and the US FDA and the Australian Medical Products Agency (TGA) subsequently asked manufacturers to modify the product specifications to warn of the drug risks.
The FDA issued a document ordering Nometine to withdraw from the US market. The Canadian health department subsequently stated that Abbott was recalling Nometine in the country.
Medical mechanism
The medicinal mechanism of diet pills is roughly the same, and generally has the following functions:
1. Improve metabolic rate: Most of these drugs contain ephedrine, which comes from a plant called ephedra and can also be manufactured artificially. Ephedrine has been used to treat asthma for many years, and it is also a common cold medicine in Chinese medicine. As a diet drug, it is often mixed with caffeine in the same formula. Caffeine can slightly increase metabolic rate, while ephedrine can suppress appetite, but it can cause hypertension, arrhythmia, insomnia, nervousness, hand tremor, seizures, heart disease and stroke, and even lead to death in severe cases. In view of this, the US Food and Drug Administration stipulates that these products can only contain 8 milligrams of ephedrine per serving and cannot be used continuously for more than 7 days. The safety of long-term use is still unknown.
1. appetite suppression: some of these drugs contain phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, which is a commonly used stimulant in cold medicines. Are diet pills really effective? These drugs are safe for people without cardiovascular problems and high blood pressure, but after stopping using them, they still need to control their diet to prevent weight gain.
3. Fat burning medicine: Many people say that chromium can burn fat. Although it is closely related to fat metabolism, only people with chromium deficiency will have fat metabolism problems. Excessive intake of chromium will not accelerate the consumption of fat, so it is ineffective for people who are not short of chromium. The recommended nutritional intake in the United States is 50 to 200 micrograms of chromium per day for adults.
2. Other drugs: For Hypericum perforatum, the US Food and Drug Administration said that this substance has not been proved to be safe and effective for weight loss. Another drug, Garcinia Garcinia, reported in the June issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (199, 1 1) that this herb and products containing this herb are ineffective in losing weight.
acupuncture and moxibustion
Acupuncture is a weight-loss treatment method under the guidance of meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, which can balance yin and yang, regulate viscera, run qi and blood and dredge meridians by acupuncture specific meridian points.
superiority
1, comfortable and beautiful
Good curative effect, less pain, while losing weight, acupuncture has a miraculous effect in conditioning, soothing and beauty beauty, which is unmatched by other Chinese and western medicine.
2. Comprehensive adjustment
3. Safety and health sector
Acupuncture weight loss is safer, more reliable and harmless to human body. It is a safe, stable and fast healthy weight loss method.
Applicable people
Fashion white-collar workers: sit more and exercise less.
Postpartum hot mom: eliminate big belly and adjust appetite.
Obesity: eliminate big round face, unicorn arm, bucket waist and elephant leg.
Fashion beauty: shaping the figure and creating a charming S-shaped curve, which is convex and backward.
"Menopause" gains weight: remoulds youthful and beautiful figure, and removes all kinds of hard-to-lose fat.
sports
abstract
The most effective exercise to lose weight is aerobic exercise, which can help burn fat and improve human metabolism. Friends who want to lose weight remember to do more outdoor fitness exercises. Aerobic exercise is the most effective exercise to lose weight, especially those that consume more energy, such as jogging, mountain climbing, brisk walking, ball games and swimming. It is best to finish each exercise continuously, without stopping in the middle, and the heat consumed in each exercise must reach 300 kilocalories. Usually, this kind of exercise will lead to a faster heartbeat, or the degree of sweating will increase the metabolic rate of the human body, but the effect will only last for two days at most, so the most important thing is to persevere. For an extremely obese person, even walking can be a great burden. Therefore, when choosing the type of exercise, we should do what we can, or focus on physical load and gradually increase the amount of exercise to avoid cardiopulmonary overload or muscle joint injury!
Exercise and lose weight
Some items at home can be used as exercise equipment for training, such as putting two small benches on the ground and doing push-ups; Lying in bed with two watermelons on your chest, you can do sit-ups training; If a man has a beer belly, he can do aerobic training for 30 minutes every day, and then do abdominal training. For example, he can do push-ups and lift his legs in situ. This doesn't require speed, but there should be enough training time. Coupled with a healthy diet, the effect is immediate and you will be graceful when you go out.
feel
The first move, insist on losing weight. Have persistent attitude and spirit;
The second measure is a glass of water before and after exercise. In the morning or evening (scientific analysis, evening exercise is more scientific and effective), drink a cup of boiled water first;
Third, exercise should be regular. The law mentioned here does not refer to the time of exercise, but to the events of exercise. This should be planned according to our own conditions and conditions, and constantly summarized and improved.
If the basal metabolism is improved through exercise, and the total consumption of behavioral consumption before exercise is slightly less than the usual dietary intake. Then there is the rebound phenomenon. This is what personal trainers usually call a rebound point.
swim
The data shows that the thermal conductivity of water is 26 times that of air.
Skipping rope to lose weight
Skipping rope to lose weight
If heat dissipation in water at the same temperature is more than 20 times faster than in air, it will effectively consume people's heat. The test shows that swimming in water 100 meters consumes heat energy 100 calories, which is equivalent to running 400 meters on land, riding a bike 1000 meters, or skating 15 00 meters. In addition, "due to the action of water waves, the skin constantly rubs against the human epidermis, which makes the skin relax and rest, so people who swim often have smooth and soft skin."
climb mountains
The effect of climbing mountains to lose weight in summer is remarkable. Climbing a mountain in hot weather will increase physical exertion by about 20%-30%. The best way to eliminate fat is "aerobic exercise", and mountain climbing is the best aerobic exercise. Every time you climb a mountain to get ready for a rest, take a watch and measure it: the heartbeat is 120 per minute, which can last for 10 minutes, indicating that the exercise has achieved the effect of burning fat.
go for a walk
Suitable for all kinds of people: swordsman, gun dancer, Tai Ji Chuan player, Mulan fan; Dance folk dances here and ballroom dances there. Singing left and right is better than sleeping in at home. Other auxiliary measures to lose weight include: eating more fruits and vegetables and eating less staple food and sweets. However, having said that, the most important thing is "persistence".
go for a walk
go for a walk
Here are some exercises that can consume 300 kilocalories:
Jog for 30 to 50 minutes. Must persist for more than 30 minutes, because after 30 minutes, the body's energy gradually begins to consume fat from consuming sugar (blood sugar, glycogen, etc.). ).
Cycling 1 hour ~75 minutes.
Walk 1 hour ~ 1.5 hours.
Swim for 30 to 40 minutes.
Play tennis for 45 minutes ~ 1 hour.
Jump rope for 30~40 minutes.
Fitness running
Fitness running is very popular with middle-aged and elderly people because it doesn't need special sports equipment. Fitness running is widely carried out at home and abroad, with moderate intensity, and is suitable for middle-aged and elderly healthy people and obese patients with good exercise foundation. The intensity of exercise is greater than walking, and the amount of exercise can be determined according to the physical quality of the participants. Speed can be fast or slow, distance can be long or short.
gymnastics
It is mainly to exercise the large muscle groups of trunk and limbs, with emphasis on abdominal muscle exercise. The following are common exercise methods.
1. Flexion and extension of lower limbs: supine position, arms straight at both sides of the body, legs straight. Exercise: ① Bend the left hip and knee joint, and try hard to make the knee close to the abdomen. ② Straighten the left lower limb and resume the preparation posture. ③ ~ ④ Flex and extend the right lower limb according to the above method. The left and right lower limbs are alternately repeated 6 ~ 8 times each.
prescribe a diet
Basic overview
Weight loss tips: Weight loss tips, whether you are fat above, below or all over, the suggestions are:
1) soak natural plants to eliminate fat, take more baths or foot baths at least three times a week, promote blood circulation and strengthen metabolism.
2) Never scrimp on food and clothing, or adopt improper weight-loss methods, such as "Apple Therapy" and "Seven-day Fasting", and take safe and healthy weight-loss products.
3) Drink plenty of warm water and drinks, and never drink extremely cold drinks. Otherwise, the success rate of weight loss will be greatly reduced.
4) Eat some spicy food, such as ginger, pepper, pepper, pepper and so on. It has a great effect on warming the body and improving metabolic function.
5) Don't eat white sugar, you can use brown sugar and honey instead. Do not eat instant noodles and monosodium glutamate.
Wenkaishui lose weight
1) Drinking warm boiled water can raise the body temperature, increase the basal metabolic rate of the body and help fat burning!
2) Zero-calorie warm water will produce satiety and stay away from overeating!
3) Warm boiled water can warm the stomach, activate the small intestine, improve physical fitness and become an easy-to-lose beauty!
4) Warm boiled water can beautify muscles and completely improve dry and sensitive skin!
5) Enhance immunity, inhibit active enzymes in the body, keep blood flowing, and resist aging!
Based on the wonderful use of warm water, we can see that warm water is the best partner of magnet meridian method. After external use, the endocrine system is conditioned and the basal metabolic rate of the human body increases, which inevitably requires more water. Through the supplement of warm water, you can achieve a good weight loss effect, which is unmatched by drinks such as juice.
Weight loss principle
1, scientifically arrange three meals a day
Under normal physiological conditions, most people are used to having three meals a day. The biggest consumption of human body is in the morning of a day. Because after a night of digestion, the stomach has been emptied. If you don't eat breakfast, the energy consumed by the whole morning's activities will be provided by the dinner the day before, which is far from meeting the nutritional needs. Such long-term sterilization is easy to cause acute gastritis, gastric dilatation, acute pancreatitis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and so on. If you eat at night, you will produce excess energy, and the remaining energy will be converted into fat, which is easy to get fat. So don't eat anything within three hours before going to bed is the best way to lose weight, and pay special attention not to drink or eat meat.
2. Control staple food and limit sweets.
If the original food intake is large, the staple food for three meals a day can be reduced by 50 grams. Try to eat less or not to eat too much starch and extremely sweet food, such as sweet potato, potato, lotus root starch, jam, honey, candied fruit, preserved fruit, malt extract, fruit juice candy and so on. Non-staple food can use lean meat, fish, eggs, bean products and vegetables and fruits with low sugar content.
3. Eat more and eat less
In the process of losing weight, it is best to follow the principle of more meals and less meals, and allocate the total amount of food from three meals a day to five meals a day. And the last meal of the day is best eaten 5-6 hours before going to bed.
4. Edible fiber
Dietary fiber can reduce weight: fiber can hinder the absorption of food, absorb water and expand in the stomach, form a larger volume, make people feel full, help reduce food intake, and have a certain effect on weight control. People can digest and absorb food rich in fiber in a certain period of time, and then discharge waste. People who eat more fiber in their diet chew more often, so they eat more slowly. In this way, the small intestine can slowly absorb nutrients, and the blood sugar level is difficult to rise. Because dietary fiber can promote intestinal peristalsis, if eaten in large quantities, constipation will naturally decrease, and the incidence of colorectal cancer will also decrease.
5. Drink water or soup in moderation.
Drinking water is an indispensable demand in people's daily life. You can eat watermelon and tomatoes to quench your thirst in summer. Watermelon juice, winter melon soup, diuresis Excessive water restriction can make obese people sweat gland secretion disorder, which is not conducive to body temperature regulation, especially urine concentration, metabolic residues are not easy to discharge, and can also cause symptoms such as polydipsia, headache and fatigue. Proper drinking water can replenish water and regulate lipid metabolism. Drinking soup is good for human health. It is found that soup is a good appetite suppressant. So some obese people use soup to lose weight.
Step 6 drink less
The main component of wine is alcohol, which is high in calories and can promote the deposition of fat in the body. Every liter of alcohol can produce 7 kilograms of heat. Protein, sugar and fat can also generate heat (1g protein and sugar each generate 4 kilocalories, while 1g fat generates 9 kilocalories), but they contain beneficial ingredients. And alcohol, which only contains calories, makes people blindly fat. It has been calculated that a large bottle of beer is about half a bowl of rice. Especially some people like to drink it after meals or before going to bed. If they often drink a lot and eat high-calorie food, it may cause excess calories, increase the accumulation of subcutaneous fat, and lead to obesity.
7. Eat less lean meat
100g Lean pork contains protein 16.7g, but its fat content is 28.8g Lean pork is actually not a food with high protein and low fat. Its fat content is higher than that of protein. So eating too much lean meat will greatly increase the intake of animal fat. People's fatness is related to their calorie intake.
8. Eat more foods rich in cellulose.
Proper intake of cellulose is not only helpful to reduce the direct intake of fat in human digestive tract. At the same time, cellulose can hinder the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, slow down the speed of sugar molecules entering the blood, and help reduce the release of insulin, which will be very beneficial to prevent obesity, because high insulin is a signal for cells to store fat.
3-day diet
The Quaker's name for Sunday
Breakfast: half a grapefruit or orange, a slice of bread and two teaspoons of peanut butter.
Lunch: half a cup of tuna or half a steamed fish (any fish will do), a piece of bread and a cup of coffee or tea.
Dinner: two pieces of meat (any meat can be used, weighing 85g), a cup of boiled beans, a cup of boiled cabbage, an apple and half a cup of ice cream.
the next day
Breakfast: an egg, a piece of bread and half a banana.
Lunch: a cup of yogurt and five biscuits.
Dinner: two hot dog sausages, a cup of boiled broccoli, half a cup of boiled carrots, half a banana and half an ice cream.
the third day
Breakfast: five biscuits, a glass of milk and an apple.
Lunch: a boiled egg and a piece of bread.
Dinner: a cup of swallowed fish or a steamed fish (any fish will do), a cup of boiled cabbage, a glass of boiled cauliflower, half a banana and half a cup of ice cream.
prescriptive
1, yam
Yam contains a lot of starch, protein, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, glucose, crude protein amino acids, choline, allantoin and so on. As a highly nutritious food, Chinese yam soap is the precursor of synthesizing female hormones, which has the functions of nourishing yin, strengthening yang and enhancing metabolism. Dopamine in yam can dilate blood vessels and improve blood circulation. Improve human digestive function, enhance physical fitness, and improve skin's moisturizing feeling and color. Yam is a natural diet food for M M people. It contains enough fiber to make you feel full after eating, thus controlling your appetite. Secondly, yam itself is a kind of food with high nutrition and low calorie, so you can eat more without worrying about getting fat.
2, high protein
Processed carbohydrate foods can lead to obesity, uncontrollable hunger and appetite. Therefore, limiting the intake of carbohydrates and absorbing a large number of high-protein foods can reduce weight and keep slim. The cycle of this diet is two weeks. In the 14-day slimming plan, patients can only eat proper amount of vegetables, but they can eat enough milk, eggs, meat and fish. This puts the body into a state of relying on fat instead of carbohydrates to provide energy.
3. Soy milk
Soybean saponin contained in soybean milk can reduce cholesterol and neutral fat in blood. The increase of neutral fat in human body will cause obesity. Drinking fresh soybean milk regularly can balance nutrition, regulate endocrine and fat metabolism system, stimulate the activity of various enzymes in human body, decompose excess fat and enhance muscle vitality, which not only ensures that witnesses have enough nutrition, but also achieves the role of healthy weight loss.
4. vinegar
Vinegar fever is rising at home and abroad. For example, obese people in America and Japan are drinking vinegar to lose weight. Vinegar contains volatile substances, amino acids and organic acids. It is reported that taking1.5 ~ 20ml vinegar every day can play a certain role in losing weight. A kind of health vinegar made in Shanghai is also very good. In daily life, there are many ways to eat vinegar. You can dip it in, mix it with raw food, or put a little vinegar in the soup to adjust your appetite.
Common fruit calorimeter:
name
heat quantity
name
heat quantity
name
heat quantity
coconut
7000.0 calories/kg
banana
1542. 4 calories/kg
longan
1400.0 calories/kg
lychee
958.9 calories/kg
pomegranate
1 105. 3 calories/kg
lychee
958.9 calories/kg
persimmon
8 16. 1 card/kg
macaque
674.7 calories/kg
Sugar cane juice
640.0 calories/kg
orange
635. 1 card/kg
loquat
629.0 calories/kg
Chinese olive
6 12.5 calories/kg
shaddock
594.2 calories/kg
fig
590.0 calories/kg
watermelon
576.3 calories/kg
cherry
575.0 calories/kg
tangerine
558.4 calories/kg
tangerine
552.6 calories/kg
kumquat
550.0 calories/kg
mango
533.3 calories/kg
lemon
530.3 calories/kg
apple
529.4 calories/kg
A pear growing in Hebei Province
524.4 calories/kg
Apple pear
5 10.6 calories/kg
mulberry
490.0 calories/kg
Grape color (purple)
488.6 calories/kg
hami melon
478.9 calories/kg
Nectarine
465.9 calories/kg
Maypeach
45 1.6 calories/kg
guava
422.7 calories/kg
apricot tree
395.6 calories/kg
plum
395.6 calories/kg
red bayberry
34 1.5 calories/kg
muskmelon
333.3 calories/kg
carambola
329.5 calories/kg
strawberry
309.3 calories/kg
Description: Lemon 530 .3 cal/kg refers to the edible part (excluding the inedible part such as peel) per kilogram of lemon fruit, and its calorie content is 530 .3 calories.
5. Black rice
Experiments show that the pigment in black rice is the strongest among all kinds of rice. This pigment is also rich in flavonoids active substances, which is five times that of white rice, and is very effective in preventing arteriosclerosis. Remember to soak rice in water and cook it with rice, so that you can eat all the nutrients of black rice. You can have some milk and eggs for breakfast. If you have a full breakfast, lunch and dinner, you will only eat seven points.
6. Beef sauce
The effect of gastric lavage is good, and some soda biscuits are added. This kind of beef soup is usually cooked with cow hind legs, onions, carrots, egg whites and some red wine.
7.potatoes
Potato is a kind of food rich in dietary fiber, which is rare and contains a lot of vitamins and minerals. Every148g of potato produces only 100 calories, the real starch content is less than 2%, and it contains no fat, which can effectively control the total fat intake in people's daily diet.
tea
Aromatic compounds contained in tea can dissolve fat, and turbidity can prevent fat from accumulating in the body. Vitamins B 1, C and caffeine can promote the secretion of gastric juice, help digestion and reduce fat.
Functional and toxicological experiments show that it can promote fat metabolism and decomposition, maintain normal physiological functions, and overcome the shortcomings of diet-reducing products such as food substitution, foreign exchange elimination, and nerve inhibition, which destroy the diet law, reduce human function and induce other diseases.
Tea polyphenols in tea have the functions of improving metabolism, antioxidation and scavenging free radicals. Many triglycerides can decompose lipase and activate protein kinase, thus reducing the accumulation of fat cells, thus achieving the effect of losing weight.
operate
Surgical weight loss can be divided into weight loss surgery to improve the systemic symptoms of obese patients, such as overweight, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and other symptoms, such as gastric reduction, gastric bypass, gastric banding, intragastric water polo therapy and so on. And liposuction and local body shaping.
Gastric reduction
Laparoscopic hand reduction is also called sleeve gastrectomy. Because the operation will cut off 80% of the stomach volume, it will not only reduce the food intake, but also reduce the secretion of ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite, so the appetite will also decrease. About 10- 15 body mass index or 70% excess weight can be lost within two years after operation. For people with high body mass index (over 40 years old) who are difficult to reduce their food intake, stomach reduction surgery can achieve ideal weight loss effect.
Gastric bypass
Gastric bypass surgery refers to a series of similar surgical operations to treat obesity, which is characterized by changing the path of food passing through the digestive tract, slowing down the gastric emptying speed, shortening the small intestine and reducing absorption. According to the data of the National Health Center of the United States in 2008, gastric bypass surgery has replaced gastric volume reduction surgery as the most popular weight loss surgery in the United States since 2000, with about 654.38+million cases performed every year. Gastric bypass surgery is gradually being replaced by gastric band surgery.
Gastric band
Gastric band, full name adjustable gastric band, is used for abdominal endoscopy. It means that the silica gel binding band is bound to the upper part of the stomach by laparoscopic surgery and can be adjusted by water injection. The purpose of gastric band surgery is to treat obesity. Adjustable gastric band surgery is one of the four best therapies for obesity, and it is also the most widely used therapy in the United States and Europe.
Intragastric water polo
Intragastric balloon, also known as gastric balloon, is a very effective medical method to lose weight: the principle of losing weight is to put a silicon balloon into the stomach through gastroscope, and then inject normal saline into the balloon to make the stomach full, induce satiety and help control appetite. The effect of stomach water polo acupuncture on losing weight of Asians is obviously higher than that of Europeans. There is also a stomach water polo chart showing that the cause of obesity in Asians is related to the problem of blood sugar control in the family. Stomach water polo can not only provide satiety in the stomach, but also regulate the secretion of anti-insulin in the intestine. In addition to the effect of losing weight, it can also significantly alleviate the condition of Asian diabetic patients. Its specific mechanism is still under study.
It is suggested that the landlord use reasonable diet and exercise, which can not only lose weight, but also have a strong body, such as medical surgery, which may rebound or have side effects.